Editing Bashkir language

{{Short description|Kipchak Turkic language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Bashkir
| nativename       = {{lang|ba-cyrl|башҡорт теле (башҡортса)}}<br />{{lang|ba-latn|başqort tele (başqortsa)}}<br />{{lang|ba-arab|باشقۇرت تىُلىُ (باشقۇرتسا)}}<br>{{lang|ba-arab|باشقرد تلی (باشقردسا)}}
| image            = Bashkir in Cyrillic, Latin, and Arabic scripts.png
| imagecaption     = Bashkir in Cyrillic, Latin, and Perso-Arabic scripts
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|ba|bɑʂˈqʊ̞rt tɪ̞ˈlɪ̞||Ba-башҡорт теле.oga}}
| states           = [[Bashkortostan]], Russia
| region           = [[Volga region|Volga]], [[Ural (region)|Ural]]
| ethnicity        = 1.57 million [[Bashkirs]]<ref>https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx </ref> ([[2021 Russian census]])
| speakers         = {{sigfig|750,000|2}}<ref>https://celt.indiana.edu/portal/Bashkir/index.html#:~:text=Bashkir%20is%20a%20Turkic%20language,has%20approximately%20750%2C000%20native%20speakers.</ref>
| date             = 2020
| familycolor      = Altaic
| fam1             = [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
| fam2             = [[Common Turkic languages|Common Turkic]]
| fam3             = [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]]
| fam4             = Kipchak–[[Bulgar language|Bulgar]]
| ancestor         = [[Volga Turki]]
| nation           = {{flag|Bashkortostan}} (Russia)
| script           = [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]], [[Latin alphabet|Latin]], [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]] ([[Bashkir alphabet]])
| agency           = [http://rihll.com/en/ Institute of history, language and literature of the Ufa Federal research center the RAS]
| iso1             = ba
| iso2             = bak
| iso3             = bak
| glotto           = bash1264
| glottorefname    = Bashkir
| lingua           = 44-AAB-bg
| notice           = IPA
| map              = Dialects of the Bashkir language.jpg
| mapcaption       = 
| map2             = Lang Status 80-VU.svg
| mapcaption2      = {{center|{{small|Bashkir is classified as Vulnerable by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}}
| dia1             = Southern
| dia2             = Eastern
}}
'''Bashkir''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|b|æ|ʃ|ˈ|k|ɪə}} {{respell|bash-KEER}},<ref>{{cite book |last1=Longman |first1=J.C. |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education ESL |isbn=978-1405881173 |edition=3}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|b|ɑː|ʃ|ˈ|k|ɪər}} {{respell|bahsh-KEER}})<ref>{{Dictionary.com|Bashkir}}</ref> or '''Bashkort'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moseley |first=Christopher |date=2010 |title=Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000187026&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_70c069f5-be69-478d-80ca-47a6ce68c154%3F_%3D187026eng.pdf&updateUrl=updateUrl8785&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000187026/PDF/187026eng.pdf.multi&fullScreen=true&locale=en#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A230%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D |page=42}}</ref> ({{langx|ba|башҡорт теле|link=no|translit=başqort tele}}, {{IPA|ba|bɑʂˈqʊ̞rt tɪ̞ˈlɪ̞||Ba-башҡорт теле.oga}}) is a [[Turkic languages|Turkic language]] belonging to the [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] branch. It is [[official language#Political alternatives|co-official]] with [[Russian language|Russian]] in [[Bashkortostan]]. Bashkir has approximately 750,000 native speakers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bashkir |url=https://celt.indiana.edu/portal/Bashkir/index.html#:~:text=Bashkir%20is%20a%20Turkic%20language,has%20approximately%20750,000%20native%20speakers. |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=Center for Language Technology |language=en-US |quote=Bashkir has approximately 750,000 native speakers.}}</ref> It has two [[dialect]] groups: Southern and Eastern. Bashkir has native speakers in Russia, as well as in [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Estonia]] and other neighboring [[post-Soviet states]], and among the [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] diaspora.

==Speakers==
[[File:Ареал расселения башкир в Волго-Уральском регионе. По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года.png|thumb|Bashkirs in Russia by administrative districts ([[raions]]) in 2010]]
Speakers of Bashkir mostly live in the republic of [[Bashkortostan]] (a republic within the Russian Federation). Many speakers also live in [[Tatarstan]], [[Chelyabinsk Oblast|Chelyabinsk]], [[Orenburg Oblast|Orenburg]], [[Tyumen Oblast|Tyumen]], [[Sverdlovsk Oblast|Sverdlovsk]] and [[Kurgan Oblast]]s and other regions of [[Russia]]. Minor Bashkir groups also live in [[Kazakhstan]] and the [[United States]].

In a recent{{when|date=April 2025}} local media report in Bashkortostan, it was reported that some officials of the republic cannot assemble a document in Bashkir language.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

==Classification==
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2025}}
Bashkir together with [[Tatar language|Tatar]] belongs to the Kipchak-Bulgar ({{langx|ru|кыпчакско-булгарская}}) subgroup of the [[Kipchak languages]]. These languages have a similar vocabulary by 94.9%,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://milliard.tatar/news/bratya-navek-tatarskii-i-baskirskii-yazyki-sovpadayut-na-95-procentov-104 |script-website=ru:Миллиард Татар |language=ru |date=2021-01-21 |script-title=ru:Братья навек: татарский и башкирский языки совпадают на 95 процентов |trans-title=Brothers Forever: Tatar and Bashkir Languages Are 95 Percent Similar}}</ref> and they not only have common origin, but also a common ancestor in the written language — [[Volga Turki]].
However, Bashkir differs from Tatar in several important ways:
* Bashkir has dental fricatives {{IPAslink|θ}} and {{IPAslink|ð}} in the place of Turkic {{IPAslink|t}}, {{IPAslink|d}}, {{IPAslink|s}} and  {{IPAslink|z}}. For example, Turkish {{lang|tr|dost}} and Bashkir {{lang|ba|дуҫ}} ({{Transliteration|ba|duś}}), Turkish {{lang|tr|adım}} and Bashkir {{lang|ba|аҙым}} ({{Transliteration|ba|aźım}}), Turkish {{lang|tr|usta}} and Bashkir {{lang|ba|оҫта}} ({{Transliteration|ba|ośta}}), or Turkish {{lang|tr|uzun}} and Bashkir {{lang|ba|оҙон}} ({{Transliteration|ba|oźon}}). Bashkir {{IPAslink|θ}} and {{IPAslink|ð}}, however, cannot begin a word (there are exceptions: {{lang|ba|ҙур}} ({{Transliteration|ba|źur}}) {{IPA|ba|ðuɾ|}} {{gloss|big}}, and the particle/conjunction {{lang|ba|ҙа}} ({{Transliteration|ba|źa}}) {{IPA|ba|ða|}} or {{lang|ba|ҙә}} ({{Transliteration|ba|źä}}) {{IPA|ba|ðæ|}}. The only other Turkic language with a similar feature is [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]. However, in Bashkir, {{IPAslink|θ}} and {{IPAslink|ð}} are two independent phonemes, distinct from {{IPAslink|s}} and {{IPAslink|z}}, whereas in Turkmen [θ] and [ð] are the two main [[Phone (phonetics)|realizations]] of the common Turkic {{IPAslink|s}} and {{IPAslink|z}}. In other words, there are no {{IPAslink|s}} and {{IPAslink|z}} phonemes in Turkmen, unlike Bashkir which has both {{IPAslink|s}} and {{IPAslink|z}} and {{IPAslink|θ}} and {{IPAslink|ð}}.
* The word-initial and morpheme-initial {{IPAslink|s}} is turned into {{IPAslink|h}}. An example of both features can be Tatar {{lang|tt|сүз}} ({{lang|tt-Latn|süz}}) and Bashkir {{lang|ba|һүҙ}} ({{Transliteration|ba|hüź}}), both meaning "word".
* Common Turkic {{IPAslink|tʃ}} (Tatar {{IPAslink|ɕ}}) is turned into Bashkir {{IPAslink|s}}, e.g., Turkish {{lang|tr|ağaç}} {{IPA|tr|aˈatʃ|}}, Tatar {{lang|tt|агач}} ({{Transliteration|tt|ağaç}}) {{IPA|tt|ɑˈʁɑɕ|}} and Bashkir {{lang|ba|ағас}} ({{Transliteration|ba|ağas}}) {{IPA|ba|ɑˈʁɑs|}}, all meaning "tree".
* The word-initial {{IPAslink|ʑ}} in Tatar always corresponds to {{IPAslink|j}} in Standard Bashkir, e.g., Tatar {{lang|tt|җылы}} ({{Transliteration|tt|cılı}}) {{IPA|tt|ʑɤˈlɤ|}} and Bashkir {{lang|ba|йылы}} ({{Transliteration|ba|yılı}}) {{IPA|tt|jɯˈɫɯ|}}, both meaning "warm". However, the eastern and northern dialects of Bashkir have the {{IPAslink|j}} > /{{IPA link|ʑ}}~{{IPA link|ʒ}}/ shift.

The Bashkir orthography is more explicit. {{IPAslink|q}} and {{IPAslink|ʁ}} are written with their own letters '''Ҡ ҡ''' and '''Ғ ғ''', whereas in Tatar they are treated as positional allophones of {{IPAslink|k}} and {{IPAslink|ɡ}}, written '''К к''' and '''Г г'''.

Labial [[vowel harmony]] in Bashkir is written explicitly, e.g., Tatar {{lang|tt|тормышым}} ({{Transliteration|tt|tormışım}}) and Bashkir {{lang|ba|тормошом}} ({{Transliteration|ba|tormoşom}}, both pronounced {{IPA|[tʊɾ.mʊˈʂʊm]}}, meaning "my life".<ref name="Ufa">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bashlang/mode/2up |first1=B. |last1=Tuysin |first2=K. |last2=Shafikov |first3=I. |last3=Khanov |script-title=ru:Башкирский Язык |language=ru |trans-title=Bashkir Language |chapter=1 |location=Ufa |publisher=Bashkirsiy Gosudarstvennyy Universitet RB |year=2022}}</ref>

==Sample text==
{|class="wikitable"
!Cyrillic script!!Latin script!!Arabic script!!IPA transcription
|-
|{{lang|ba|Барлыҡ кешеләр ирекле, дәрәжәләре һәм хоҡуҡтары тигеҙ булып тыуалар. Улар аҡыл һәм выждан эйәһе һәм бер-береһенә ҡарата ҡәрҙәшлек рухында хәрәкәт итергә тейештәр.}}
|{{lang|ba-Latn|Barlıq keşelär irekle, däräjäläre häm xoquqtarı tigeź bulıp tıwalar. Ular aqıl häm vıjdan eyähe häm ber-berehenä qarata qärźäşlek ruxında xäräkät itergä teyeştär.}}
|{{rtl-para|ba-Arab|بارلق كشیلر ایركلی، درجه‌لری هم حقوقتری تیگذ بولوب طوه‌لر. اولر عقل هم وجدان ایه‌هی هم بربریهینه قاراته قارذشلك روحینده حركت ایتورگه تیوشتر.}}
|{{IPA|[bɑrˈɫɯ̞q kɪ̞ʃɪ̞ˈlær irɪ̞kˈlɪ̞ dæræʒælæˈrɪ̞ hæm χʊ̞quqtɑˈrɯ̞ tʲiˈɡɪ̞ð buˈɫɯ̞p tɯ̞wɑˈɫɑr ‖ uˈɫɑr ɑˈqɯ̞ɫ hæm ˌbɪ̞r‿bɪ̞rɪ̞hɪ̞ˈnæ qɑrɑˈtɑ qærðæʃˈlɪ̞k ruχɯ̞nˈdɑ χæræˈkæt itɪ̞rˈgæ tɪ̞jɪ̞ʃˈtær ‖]}}
|}

==Orthography==
{{Main|Bashkir alphabet}}
[[File:Inscription in Ufa Airport.jpg|thumb|Trilingual sign in [[Ufa International Airport|Ufa Airport]] in Bashkir, Russian and English]]
[[File:KB Bashkir.svg|thumb|Bashkir keyboard layout]]
After the adoption of [[Islam]], which [[Bashkirs#Religion|began in the 10th century]] and lasted for several centuries, the Bashkirs began to use [[Turki]] as a written language. Turki was written in a variant of the [[Arabic script]].

In 1923, a writing system based on the [[Arabic script]] was specifically created for the Bashkir language. At the same time, the Bashkir literary language was created, moving away from the older written Turkic influences. At first, it used a modified Arabic [[alphabet]]. In 1930 it was replaced with the [[Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet]], which was in turn replaced with an adapted [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] alphabet in 1939.

The modern alphabet used by Bashkir is based on the [[Russian alphabet]], with the addition of the following letters: [[Ә|Ә ә]] {{IPAslink|æ}}, [[Ө|Ө ө]] {{IPAslink|ø}}, [[Ү|Ү ү]] {{IPAslink|ʏ}}, [[Ғ|Ғ ғ]] {{IPAslink|ʁ}}, [[Ҡ|Ҡ ҡ]] {{IPAslink|q}}, [[Ң|Ң ң]] {{IPAslink|ŋ}}, [[Ҙ|Ҙ ҙ]] {{IPAslink|ð}}, [[Ҫ|Ҫ ҫ]] {{IPAslink|θ}}, [[Һ|Һ һ]] {{IPAslink|h}}.<ref name="Ufa" />
{| style="text-align:center; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | А а
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Б б
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | В в
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Г г
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ғ ғ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Д д
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ҙ ҙ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Е е
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ё ё
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ж ж
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | З з
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | И и
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Й й
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | К к
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ҡ ҡ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Л л
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | М м
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Н н
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ң ң
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | О о
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ө ө
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | П п
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Р р
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | С с
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ҫ ҫ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Т т
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | У у
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ү ү
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ф ф
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Х х
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Һ һ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ц ц
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ч ч
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ш ш
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Щ щ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ъ ъ
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ы ы
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ь ь
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Э э
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ә ә
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Ю ю
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" | Я я
|
|
|
|}

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" summary="Bashkir Cyrillic letters, their names, and pronunciation in IPA and X-SAMPA"
|+ Letters of the Bashkir Cyrillic alphabet
|- valign="top"
! Cyrillic version 
! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Pronunciation]]
! Notes
|- valign="top"
| [[А]]а|| {{IPA|[ɑ]}}, {{IPA|[a]}}||"A" is usually pronounced as {{IPA|[ɑ]}} in all syllables except last, in last syllable it is pronounced as {{IPA|[a]}}.
|- valign="top"
| [[Б]]б|| {{IPA|[b]}}, {{IPA|[β]}}||{{IPA|[β]}} is the [[Intervocalic consonant|intervocal]] allophone.
|- valign="top"
| [[В]]в|| {{IPA|[v]}}, {{IPA|[w]}}|| {{IPA|[v]}} in Russian loanwords, {{IPA|[w]}} in Arabic and Persian loanwords.
|- valign="top"
|Гг
|{{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|
|- valign="top"
| [[Ғ]]ғ|| {{IPA|[ʁ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Д]]д|| {{IPA|[d]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ҙ]]ҙ|| {{IPA|[ð]}} ||
|- valign="top"
| [[Е]]е||  {{IPA|[jɪ]}}, {{IPA|[ɪ]}}|| The letter is [[Iotation|iotated]] at the beginning of a word, after a vowel or after a [[Soft sign|soft]] or [[hard sign]]. 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ё]]ё|| {{IPA|[jɔ]}} || Only used in Russian loanwords.
|- valign="top"
| [[Ж]]ж|| {{IPA|[ʐ]}}|| Only occurs in loanwords and onomatopoeia.
|- valign="top" 
| [[З]]з|| {{IPA|[z]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[И]]и|| {{IPA|[i], [ij]}}|| Occurs only in the first syllable. In most other contexts, especially in open syllables, it is an underlying /ij/, for example in words like ти [tij]/[tɪj]. Hence why the suffixes use the /ð/ consonant following this vowel, unlike /l/ after other vowels: тиҙәр (tiźär) /tijˈðær/, but not тиләр (tilär).
|- valign="top"
| [[Й]]й|| {{IPA|[j]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[К]]к|| {{IPA|[k]}} || 
|- valign="top" 
| [[Ҡ]]ҡ|| {{IPA|[q]}}|| 
|- valign="top"
| [[Л]]л|| {{IPA|[l]}}, {{IPA|[ɫ]}}|| In front vowel contexts occurs as apical {{IPAblink|ɭ|l}}, in back vowel contexts occurs as {{IPAblink|ɫ}}. 
|- valign="top" 
| [[М]]м|| {{IPA|[m]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Н]]н|| {{IPA|[n]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ң]]ң||{{IPA|[ŋ]}}, {{IPA|[ɴ]}}|| In front vowel contexts occurs as {{IPAblink|ŋ}}, in back vowel contexts occurs as {{IPAblink|ɴ}}.
|- valign="top"=
| [[О]]о|| {{IPA|[ʊ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Ө]]ө|| {{IPA|[ø]}}, [y]||Shifts to [y] in vicinity of [j]: өйҙә (öyźä) [yjˈðä]
|- valign="top" 
| [[П]]п|| {{IPA|[p]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Р]]р|| {{IPA|/r/}}, {{IPA|[ɾ]}}||{{IPA|[ɾ]}} is the [[Intervocalic consonant|intervocal]] allophone.
|- valign="top" 
| [[С]]с|| {{IPA|[s] }} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ҫ]]ҫ|| {{IPA|[θ]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Т]]т|| {{IPA|[t]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[У]]у|| {{IPA|[u]}}, {{IPA|[w]}}|| rowspan="2" | These two letters are used for {{IPA|/w/}} phoneme when they are written after a back or front vowel respectively. As the vowel phoneme, they can only occur in the first syllable. Therefore if these letters are not in the first syllable, they occur after a vowel and are pronounced as /w/.
|- valign="top"
| [[Ү]]ү|| {{IPA|[ʏ]}}, {{IPA|[w]}}
|- valign="top"
| [[Ф]]ф|| {{IPA|[ɸ]}} || 
|- valign="top" 
| [[Х]]х|| {{IPA|[χ]}} || 
|- valign="top" 
| [[Һ]]һ|| {{IPA|[h]}} || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ц]]ц|| {{IPA|[ts]}}  || 
|- valign="top" 
| [[Ч]]ч|| {{IPA|[tɕ]}}  || 
|- valign="top"
| [[Ш]]ш|| {{IPA|[ʂ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Щ]]щ|| {{IPA|[ɕː]}}||Only occurs in loanwords.
|- valign="top"
| [[Ъ]]ъ|| {{IPA|[ʔ]}}|| Only occurs in back vowel contexts (except loanwords). Indicates a [[glottal stop]] if placed after a vowel, acts as a syllable separator if placed after a consonant.
|- valign="top"
| [[Ы]]ы|| {{IPA|[ɯ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Ь]]ь|| {{IPA|[ʔ]}}||Only occurs in front vowel contexts (except loanwords). Indicates a [[glottal stop]] if placed after a vowel, acts as a syllable separator if placed after a consonant.
|- valign="top"
| [[Э]]э|| {{IPA|[ɪ]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Ә]]ә|| {{IPA|[æ]}} ||
|- valign="top"
| [[Ю]]ю|| {{IPA|[ju]}}||
|- valign="top"
| [[Я]]я|| {{IPA|[jɑ]}}, {{IPA|[ja]}} ||
|}

Bashkir Latin alphabet based on the [[Common Turkic alphabet]]
{| style="text-align:center; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |A a
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ä ä
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |B b
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |C c
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ç ç
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |D d
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |E e
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |F f
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |G g
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ğ ğ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |H h
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |X x
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |I ı
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |İ i
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |J j
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |K k
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Q q
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |L l
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |M m
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |N n
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ñ ñ
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |O o
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ö ö
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |P p
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |R r
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |S s
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ś ś
|-
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ş ş
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |T t
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |U u
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ü ü
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |V v
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |W w
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Y y
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Z z
| style="width:3em; padding: 3px;" |Ź ź
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+Letter Comparison
!'''Latin'''
!Cyrillic
|-
|A a
|А а
|-
|Ä ä
|Ә ә
|-
|B b
|Б б
|-
|C c
| -дж-
|-
|Ç ç
|Ч ч / Щ щ
|-
|D d
|Д д
|-
|Ź ź
|Ҙ ҙ
|-
|E e
|Э э
|-
|F f
|Ф ф
|-
|G g
|Г г
|-
|Ğ ğ
|Ғ ғ
|-
|H h
|Һ һ
|-
|X x
|Х х
|-
|I ı
|Ы ы
|-
|İ i
|И и
|-
|J j
|Ж ж
|-
|K k
|К к
|-
|Q q
|Ҡ ҡ
|-
|L l
|Л л
|-
|M m
|М м
|-
|N n
|Н н
|-
|Ñ ñ
|Ң ң
|-
|O o
|О о
|-
|Ö ö
|Ө ө
|-
|P p
|П п
|-
|R r
|Р р
|-
|S s
|С с
|-
|Ş ş
|Ш ш
|-
|T t
|Т т
|-
|Ś ś
|Ҫ ҫ
|-
|U u
|У у
|-
|Ü ü
|Ү ү
|-
|V v
|В в
|-
|W w
|У у / Ү ү (consonant variants)
|-
|Y y
|Й й
|-
|Z z
|З з
|}

==Phonology==
===Vowels===
Bashkir has nine native vowels, and three or four loaned vowels (mainly in Russian loanwords).<ref name="Berta">{{Cite book|title=The Turkic languages|url=https://archive.org/details/turkiclanguagesr00csat|url-access=limited|last=Berta|first=Árpád|chapter=Tatar and Bashkir|year=1998|editor-last=Johanson|editor-first=Lars |editor-last2=Csató|editor-first2=Éva Á.|publisher=Routledge|pages=[https://archive.org/details/turkiclanguagesr00csat/page/n154 283]–300|isbn=9780415082006}}</ref>

Phonetically, the native vowels are approximately thus (with the Cyrillic letter followed by the usual Latin romanization in angle brackets):<ref>{{Cite book |last=Poppe |first=Nicholas N. |title=Bashkir Manual |series=Research and Studies in Uralic and Altaic Languages |volume=36 |location=Bloomington, IN |publisher=Indiana University |year=1964 |url= https://archive.org/details/bashkirmanualdes0000popp/ |oclc=1147723720 |lccn=63-64521}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!
! colspan="2" |[[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!
!Unrounded
![[Roundedness|Rounded]]
!Unrounded
![[Roundedness|Rounded]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|'''и'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''i'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|ɪ}}
|'''ү'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ü'''⟩<br />[{{IPA link|y}}~{{IPA link|ʉ}}]
|'''ы'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ı'''⟩<br />[{{IPA link|ɯ}}]
|'''у'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''u'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|ʊ}}
|-
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]
|'''э,{{nbsp}}е'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''e'''⟩<br />[{{IPA link|e}}~{{IPA link|ɘ}}]
|'''ө'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ö'''⟩<br />[{{IPA link|ø|ø̝}}~{{IPA link|ɵ}}]
|
|'''о'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''o'''⟩<br />[{{IPA link|o}}~{{IPA link|ɤ}}]
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|'''ә'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ä'''⟩<br />[{{IPA link|æ}}]
|
|'''а'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''a'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|ɑ}}
|
|}
In Russian loans there are also {{IPAblink|ɨ}}, {{IPAblink|ɛ}}, {{IPAblink|ɔ}} and {{IPAblink|ä}}, written the same as the native vowels: '''ы, е/э, о, а''' respectively.<ref name="Berta" />

====Historical shifts====
Historically, the Proto-Turkic mid vowels have [[Raising (phonetics)|raised]] from mid to high, whereas the Proto-Turkic high vowels have become the Bashkir reduced mid series. (The same shifts have also happened in [[Tatar language|Tatar]].)<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Turkic languages|url=https://archive.org/details/turkiclanguagesr00csat|url-access=limited|last=Johanson|first=Lars|chapter=The History of Turkic|year=1998|editor-last=Johanson|editor-first=Lars |editor-last2=Csató|editor-first2=Éva Á.|publisher=Routledge|page=[https://archive.org/details/turkiclanguagesr00csat/page/n59 92]|isbn=9780415082006}}</ref><ref name="Ufa" /> However, in most dialects of Bashkir, this shift is not as prominent as in Tatar. 
{| class="wikitable"
!Vowel
!Common Turkic
!Tatar
!Bashkir
!Gloss
|-
|*e {{IPA|/ɛ/}}
|*et
|it
|it {{IPA|/it/}}
|'meat'
|-
|*ö {{IPA|/œ/}}
|*söz
|süz
|hüź {{IPA|/hʏð/}}
|'word'
|-
|*o {{IPA|/ɔ/}}
|*sol
|sul
|hul {{IPA|/huɫ/}}
|'left'
|-
|*i {{IPA|/i/}}
|*it
|et
|et {{IPA|/ɪt/}}
|'dog'
|-
|*ï {{IPA|/ɤ/}}
|*qïz
|qız
|qıź {{IPA|/qɯð/}}
|'girl'
|-
|*u {{IPA|/u/}}
|*qum
|qom
|qom {{IPA|/qʊm/}}
|'sand'
|-
|*ü {{IPA|/y/}}
|*kül
|köl
|köl {{IPA|/køl/}}
|'ash'
|}

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
|+caption | '''The consonants of Bashkir'''<ref name="Berta" />
|-
! colspan="2"|
! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Labiodental consonant|Labio-<br />dental]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Postalveolar|Post-<br />alveolar]]/<br>[[Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- align=center
! colspan="2"|[[Nasal stop|Nasals]]
| '''м'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''m'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|m}}
|
| colspan="2" | '''н'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''n'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|n̪|n}}
|
| '''ң'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ñ'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ŋ}}
| '''ң'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ñ'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|ɴ}}{{Ref|allophone|²}}
|
|- align=center
! rowspan="2"| [[Plosive consonant|Plosives]]
! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|Voiceless]]</small>
| '''п'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''p'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|p}}
|
| colspan="2" | '''т'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''t'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|t̪|t}}
|'''к'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''k'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|c}}{{Ref|allophone|²}}
| '''к'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''k'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|k}}
| '''ҡ'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''q'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|q}}
| '''ь'''/'''ъ'''<br />{{IPAslink|ʔ}}{{ref|loan|¹}}
|- align="center"
! <small>[[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]</small>
| '''б'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''b'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|b}}
|
| colspan="2" | '''д'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''d'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|d̪|d}}
|'''г'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''g'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|ɟ}}{{Ref|allophone|²}}
| '''г'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''g'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ɡ}}
|
|
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative]]s
! <small>Voiceless</small>
|
|'''ф'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''f'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|f}}{{Ref|loan|¹}}
| '''ç'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ś'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|θ}}
|'''с'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''s'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|s̪|s}}
|'''ш'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ş'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ʃ}}
|
| '''х'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''x'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|χ}}
| '''һ'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''h'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|h}}
|- align="center"
! <small>Voiced</small>
| '''б'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''b'''⟩<br />{{IPAblink|β}}{{Ref|allophone|²}}
|'''в'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''v'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|v}}{{Ref|loan|¹}}
| '''ҙ'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ź'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ð}}
|'''з'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''z'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|z}}
|'''ж'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''j'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ʒ}}
|
| '''ғ'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''ğ'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|ʁ}}
|
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
|
|
|'''р'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''r'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|r}}
|
|
|
|
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant consonant|Approximants]]
|
|
|
|'''л'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''l'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|l}}
|'''й'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''y'''⟩<br />{{IPAslink|j}}
|'''у'''/'''ү'''/'''в'''{{nbsp}}⟨'''w'''⟩<br />{{IPA|/{{IPA link|w}}~{{IPA link|ɥ}}/}}
|
|
|}
;Notes
:{{note|loan|¹}} The phonemes {{IPAslink|f}}, {{IPAslink|v}}, {{IPAslink|ʔ}} are found only in loanwords, and, in the case of {{IPAslink|ʔ}}, in a few native onomatopoeic words.
:{{Note|allophone|²}} {{IPAblink|β}} is an [[Intervocalic consonant|intervocal]] allophone of {{IPAblink|b}}, and it is distinct from {{IPAblink|w}}. {{IPAblink|ɴ}} is an allophone of {{IPAblink|ŋ}} in back vowel contexts. {{IPAblink|c}} and {{IPAblink|ɟ}} occur as allophones of {{IPAblink|k}} and {{IPAblink|g}} before {{IPAblink|e}}, and both occur only in front vowel contexts.
* {{IPA|/θ, ð/}} are dental {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|θ}}, {{IPAplink|ð}}]}}, and {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is apical alveolar {{IPAblink|ɾ}}. The exact place of articulation of the other dental/alveolar consonants is unclear.

==Grammar==
A member of the [[Turkic languages|Turkic language family]], Bashkir is an [[agglutinative language|agglutinative]], [[Subject–object–verb|SOV]] language.<ref name="Berta" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transparent.com/learn-bashkir/overview.html |title=Overview of the Bashkir Language |work=Learn the Bashkir Language & Culture |publisher=Transparent Language |access-date=4 Nov 2011 }}</ref> A large part of the Bashkir vocabulary has Turkic roots; and there are many loan words in Bashkir from [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] sources.<ref name="Ufa" />

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" |Russian
! colspan="3" |Arabic
! colspan="3" |Persian
|-
!in Bashkir
!Etymology
!Translation
!in Bashkir
!Etymology
!Translation
!in Bashkir
!Etymology
!Translation
|-
|минут (minut)
|from "минута" (''minuta'')
|minute
|ваҡыт (waqıt)
|from "{{lang|ar|وَقْت}}" (''waqt'')
|time
|дуç (duś)
|from "{{lang|fa|دوست}}" (''dost'')
|friend
|-
|өçтәл (öśtäl)
|from "стол" (''stol'')
|table, desk
|вәғәҙә (wäğäźä)
|from "{{lang|ar|وَعْدَ}}" (''waʿda'')
|promise
|һәр (här)
|from "{{lang|fa|هر}}" (''har'')
|every
|-
|сыр (sır)
|from "сыр" (''syr'')
|cheese
|йәннәт (yännät)
|from "{{lang|ar|جَنَّة}}" (''janna'')
|paradise
|көмбәҙ (kömbäź)
|from "{{lang|fa|گنبد}}" (''gonbad'')
|cupola
|}

===Plurality===
The form of the plural suffix is heavily dependent on the letter which comes immediately before it. When it's a consonant, there is a four-way distinction between "л" (l), "т" (t), "ҙ" (ź) and "д" (d); The vowel's distinction is two-way between "а" (after back vowels "а" (a), "ы" (ı), "о" (o), "у" (u)) and "ә" (after front vowels "ә" (ə), "е" (e), "и" (i), "ө" (ö), "ү" (ü)). Some nouns are also less likely to be used with their plural forms such as "һыу" (hıw, "water") or "ҡом" (qom, "sand").<ref name="Ufa" />
	
{| class="wikitable"
!suffix consonant
|-
| '''-лар, -ләр'''
|after all vowels except for и (iy)
|'''баҡса''' (baqsa), "garden"
Pl.: баҡса'''лар''' (baqsalar)
|'''сәскә''' (säskä), "flower"
Pl.: сәскә'''ләр''' (säskälär)
|-
| '''-тар, -тәр'''
|mostly after hard consonants – б (b), д (d), г (g), ф (f), х (x), һ (h), к (k), ҡ (q), п (p), с (s), ш (ş), ç (ś), т (t)
|'''дуç''' (duś), "friend"
Pl.: дуç'''тар''' (duśtar)
|'''төç''' (töś), "colour"
Pl.: төç'''тәр''' (töśtär)
|-
| '''-ҙар, -ҙәр'''
|after approximants and some others – ҙ (ź), и (iy), р (r), у/ү (w), й (y)
|'''тау''' (taw), "mountain"
Pl.: тау'''ҙар''' (tawźar)
|'''өй''' (öy), "house"
Pl.: өй'''ҙәр''' (öyźär)
|-
| '''-дар, -дәр'''
|after nasals and some others – ж (j), л (l), м (m), н (n), ң (ñ), з (z)
|'''һан''' (han), "number"
Pl.: һан'''дар''' (handar)
|'''көн''' (kön), "day"
Pl.: көн'''дәр''' (köndär)	
|}

=== Declension table ===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;width:90%;"
!<ref name="Ufa" />
!suffix
!consonant alteration (see the "plurality" table)
!after the plural suffix
!examples
|-
! Nominative
| colspan="4" |
|-
! rowspan="4" | Genitive
| -нең|| rowspan="4" | "н" (n), "д" (d), "т" (t) and "ҙ" (ź)|| -ҙең|| тел'''дең''' (teldeñ), "the language's"
|-
| -ның
| -ҙың
|баш'''тың''' (baştıñ), "the head's"
|-
| -ноң
| -ҙың
|тоҙ'''ҙоң''' (toźźoñ), "the salt's"
|-
| -нөң
| -ҙең
|төш'''төң''' (töştöñ), "the dream's"
|-
! rowspan="4" | Dative
| -гә|| rowspan="4" | || rowspan="2" | -гә|| тел'''гә''' (telgä), "(to) the language"
|-
| -кә
|төш'''кә''' (töşkä), "(to) the dream"
|-
| -ға
| rowspan="2" | -ға
|тоҙ'''ға''' (toźğa), "(to) the salt"
|-
| -ҡа
|баш'''ҡа''' (başqa), "(to) the head"
|-
! rowspan="4" | Accusative
| -не|| rowspan="4" | "н" (n), "д" (d), "т" (t) and "ҙ" (ź)|| -ҙе|| тел'''де''' (telde), "the language"
|-
| -ны
| -ҙы
|баш'''ты''' (baştı), "the head"
|-
| -но
| -ҙы
|тоҙ'''ҙо''' (toźźo), "the salt"
|-
| -нө
| -ҙе
|төш'''тө''' (töştö), "the dream"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Locative
| -лә|| rowspan="2" | "л" (l), "д" (d), "т" (t) and "ҙ" (ź)|| -ҙә|| тел'''дә''' (teldä), "in the language"
|-
| -ла
| -ҙа
|баш'''та''' (başta), "in the head"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Ablative
| -нән|| rowspan="2" | "н" (n), "д" (d), "т" (t) and "ҙ" (ź)|| -ҙән|| тел'''дән''' (teldän), "from the language"
|-
| -нан
| -ҙан
|баш'''тан''' (baştan), "from the head"
|}{{clear}}

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;width:90%;"
|+ Declension of pronouns<ref name="Ufa" />
!
! colspan="2" | Interrogative pronouns !! colspan="7" | Personal pronouns
|-
! rowspan="2" | Case !! rowspan="2" | who !! rowspan="2" | what !! colspan="3" | Singular !! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! I !! you (thou) !! he, she, it !! we !! you !! they
|-
! Nominative
| кем<br /><small>''kem''</small> || нимә<br /><small>''nimä''</small> || мин<br /><small>''min''</small> || һин<br /><small>''hin''</small> || ул<br />''ul''|| беҙ<br /><small>''beź''</small> || һеҙ<br /><small>''heź''</small> || улар<br /><small>''ular''</small>
|-
! Genitive
| кемдең<br /><small>''kemdeñ''</small> || нимәнең<br /><small>''nimäneñ''</small> || минең<br /><small>''mineñ''</small> || һинең<br /><small>''hineñ''</small> || уның<br /><small>''unıñ''</small> || беҙҙең<br /><small>''beźźeñ''</small> || һеҙҙең<br /><small>''heźźeñ''</small> || уларҙың<br /><small>''ularźıñ''</small>
|-
! Dative
| кемгә<br /><small>''kemgä''</small> || нимәгә<br /><small>''nimägä''</small> || миңә<br /><small>''miñä''</small> || һиңә<br /><small>''hiñä''</small> || уға<br /><small>''uğa''</small> || беҙгә<br /><small>''beźgä''</small> || һеҙгә<br /><small>''heźgä''</small> || уларға <br /><small>''ularğa''</small>
|-
! Accusative
| кемде<br /><small>''kemde''</small> || нимәне<br /><small>''nimäne''</small> || мине<br /><small>''mine''</small> || һине<br /><small>''hine''</small> || уны<br /><small>''unı''</small> || беҙҙе<br /><small>''beźźe''</small> || һеҙҙе<br /><small>''heźźe''</small> || уларҙы<br /><small>''ularźı''</small>
|-
! Locative
| кемдә<br /><small>''kemdä''</small> || нимәлә<br /><small>''nimälä''</small> || миндә<br /><small>''mindä''</small> || һиндә<br /><small>''hindä''</small> || унда<br /><small>''unda''</small> || беҙҙә<br /><small>''beźźä''</small> || һеҙҙә<br /><small>''heźźä''</small> || уларҙа<br /><small>''ularźa''</small>
|-
! Ablative
| кемдән<br /><small>''kemdän''</small> || нимәнән<br /><small>''nimänän''</small> || минән<br /><small>''minän''</small> || һинән<br /><small>''hinän''</small> || унан<br /><small>''unan''</small> || беҙҙән<br /><small>''beźźän''</small> || һеҙҙән<br /><small>''heźźän''</small> || уларҙан<br /><small>''ularźan''</small>
|-
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;width:90%;"
|+ Demonstrative pronouns<ref name="Ufa" />
|-
! rowspan="2" | Case !! colspan="4" | Singular !! colspan="4" | Plural
|-
! colspan="2" | this !! colspan="2" | that !! colspan="2" | these !! colspan="2" | those
|-
! Nominative
| был<br /><small>''bıl''</small> || ошо<br />''oşo''|| шул<br /><small>''şul''</small> || теге<br /><small>''tege''</small> || былар<br /><small>''bılar''</small> || ошолар<br /><small>''oşolar''</small> || шулар<br /><small>''şular''</small> || тегеләр<br /><small>''tegelär''</small>
|-
! Genitive
| бының<br /><small>''bınıñ''</small> || ошоноң<br />''oşonoñ''|| шуның<br /><small>''şunıñ''</small> || тегенең<br /><small>''tegeneñ''</small> || быларҙың<br /><small>''bılarźıñ''</small> || ошоларҙың<br /><small>''oşolarźıñ''</small> || шуларҙың<br /><small>''şularźıñ''</small> || тегеләрҙең<br /><small>''tegelärźeñ''</small>
|-
! Dative
| быға<br /><small>''bığa''</small> || ошоға<br />''oşoğa''|| шуға<br /><small>''şuğa''</small> || тегегә<br /><small>''tegegä''</small> || быларға<br /><small>''bılarğa''</small> || ошоларға<br /><small>''oşolarğa''</small> || шуларға<br /><small>''şularğa''</small> || тегеләргә<br /><small>''tegelärgä''</small>
|-
! Accusative
| быны<br /><small>''bını''</small> || ошоно<br />''oşono''|| шуны<br /><small>''şunı''</small> || тегене<br /><small>''tegene''</small> || быларҙы<br /><small>''bılarźı''</small> || ошоларҙы<br /><small>''oşolarźı''</small> || шуларҙы<br /><small>''şularźı''</small> || тегеләрҙе<br /><small>''tegelärźe''</small>
|-
! Locative
| бында<br /><small>''bında''</small> || ошонда<br /><small>''oşonda''</small> || шунда<br /><small>''şunda''</small> || тегендә<br /><small>''tegendä''</small> || быларҙа<br /><small>''bılarźa''</small> || ошоларҙа<br /><small>''oşolarźa''</small> || шуларҙа<br /><small>''şularźa''</small> || тегеләрҙә<br /><small>''tegelärźä''</small>
|-
! Ablative
| бынан<br /><small>''bınan''</small> || ошонан<br /><small>''oşonan''</small> || шунан<br /><small>''şunan''</small> || тегенән<br /><small>''tegenän''</small> || быларҙан<br /><small>''bılarźan''</small> || ошоларҙан<br /><small>''oşolarźan''</small> || шуларҙан<br /><small>''şularźan''</small> || тегеләрҙән<br /><small>''tegelärźän''</small>
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[Bashkir alphabet]]
* [[Bashkir–Russian code-switching]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book
|first=Nicholas
|last=Poppe
|author-link=Nicholas Poppe
|title=Bashkir Manual
|publisher=Routledge
|year=1997
|orig-year=1964
|pages=186
|isbn=978-0-7007-0836-9
}}
*{{Cite book
|title=Грамматика современного башкирского литературного языка
|place=Москва
|publisher=Наука
|year=1981
|language=ru
}}
*{{Cite book
|first=Н. К.
|last=Дмитриев
|author-link=Nikolai Dmitriev
|title=Грамматика башкирского языка
|publisher=Из-во АН СССР
|year=1948
|language=ru
}}

==External links==
{{InterWiki|code=ba}}
{{wiktionary category}}
{{wikivoyage|Bashkir phrasebook}}
*[https://bashcorpus.ru/ National Corpus of the Bashkir language] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303071103/https://bashcorpus.ru/ |date=3 March 2022 }}
*[http://mfbl2.ru:8080/mfbl/bashxyz Machine fund of the Bashkir language]
*[https://linghub.ru/oral_bashkir_corpus/ Spoken corpus of Bashkir (Rakhmetovo and Baimovo)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810194241/https://linghub.ru/oral_bashkir_corpus/ |date=2020-08-10 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210730084759/http://tel.bashqort.com/short-grammar Short grammar of Bashkir]

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{{Languages of Russia}}
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[[Category:Bashkir language| ]]
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Subject–object–verb languages]]
[[Category:Kipchak languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Kazakhstan]]
[[Category:Indigenous languages of European Russia]]
[[Category:Turkic languages]]
[[Category:Vowel-harmony languages]]
[[Category:Languages written in Cyrillic script]]
[[Category:Vulnerable languages]]