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Beam bridge
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{{Short description|Type of bridge}} {{Multiple issues| {{more citations needed|date=December 2019}} {{disputed|date=September 2018}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}} {{Infobox bridge type |type_name = Beam bridge |image = SteamAcrossIowaRiver.JPG |image_title = Multispan plate girder bridge deck on concrete piers. |sibling_names = |descendent_names = [[Box girder bridge]], [[plate girder bridge]], [[trestle bridge]], [[truss bridge]]{{citation needed|reason=please provide a reference which defines or lists siblings, descendants, and ancestors for bridge types. |date=January 2011}} |ancestor_names = [[Log bridge]] |carries = [[Pedestrian]]s, [[automobile]]s, [[truck]]s, [[light rail]], [[heavy rail]] |span_range = Short |material = [[Timber]], [[iron]], [[steel]], [[reinforced concrete]], [[prestressed concrete]] |movable = No |design = Low |falsework = No unless cast-in-place reinforced concrete is used }} '''Beam bridges''' are the simplest structural forms for [[bridge span]]s supported by an [[abutment]] or [[Pier (architecture)|pier]] at each end.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historyofbridges.com/facts-about-bridges/beam-bridge/ |title=Beam Bridge Facts, History and Design |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=History of bridges |access-date=2019-09-13 }}</ref> No [[bending moment|moments]] are transferred throughout the support, hence their structural type is known as ''[[simply supported]]''. The simplest beam bridge could be a log (see [[log bridge]]), a [[wood plank]], or a [[stone]] [[Wiktionary: slab|slab]] (see [[clapper bridge]]) laid across a stream. Bridges designed for modern [[infrastructure]] will usually be constructed of [[steel]] or [[reinforced concrete]], or a combination of both. The concrete elements may be [[reinforced concrete|reinforced]] or [[prestressed concrete|prestressed]]. Such modern bridges include [[Girder bridge|girder]], [[Plate girder bridge|plate girder]], and [[Box girder bridge|box girder]] bridges, all types of beam bridges. Types of construction could include having many [[beam (structure)|beam]]s side by side with a deck across the top of them, to a main beam either side supporting a deck between them. The main beams could be [[I-beam]]s, [[truss]]es, or [[Box girder bridge|box girders]]. They could be [[half-through]], or braced across the top to create a [[through truss|through bridge]]. [[File:Passerelle ruisseau Moulin-Haut.jpg|thumb|left|A wooden footbridge using beams over a stream in [[Dordogne]], France.]] [[File:Footbridge over Böser Ellbach stream, Schwarzwald, Germany.jpg|thumb|left|Footbridge with steel construction over Böser Ellbach stream, [[Black Forest]], Germany]] Since no moments are transferred, [[thrust (statics)|thrust]] (as from an [[arch bridge]]) cannot be accommodated, leading to innovative designs, such as [[lenticular truss]]es and [[bow string arch]]es, which contain the [[horizontal plane|horizontal]] forces within the [[superstructure]]. Beam bridges are not limited to a single [[Span (architecture)|span]]. Some [[viaduct]]s such as the [[Feiyunjiang Bridge]] in China have multiple simply supported spans held up by piers. This is opposed to viaducts using [[continuous span]]s over the piers. Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because, unlike truss bridges, they have no built in supports. The only supports are provided by piers. The further apart its supports, the weaker a beam bridge gets. As a result, beam bridges rarely span more than {{convert|250|ft|-1}}. This does not mean that beam bridges are not used to cross great distances; it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together, creating what is known as a continuous span. ==References== {{Commons category|Beam bridges}} {{Reflist}} {{Bridge footer}} [[Category:Beam bridges| ]] [[Category:Bridges by structural type]]
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