Editing BedZED

{{Short description|Housing development in Hackbridge, London}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox housing project
|building name    = BedZED
|image            = BedZED 2007.jpg
|image_size       = 270px
|caption          = BedZED [[Ecovillage]]
|location         = [[Hackbridge]], [[London Borough of Sutton]]
|coordinates      = {{coord|51|22|55.5|N|00|09|21.67|W|display=title, inline}}
|status           = [[low-energy house|Environmentally friendly]] housing development
|constructed      = 2000–2002
|demolished       = 
|governing body   = [[Peabody Trust]]
}}

[[File:BedZED roofs 2007.jpg|thumb|275px|Roofs]]
[[File:Street in BedZED.jpg|thumb|275px|Street in BedZED]]

'''Beddington Zero Energy Development''' ('''BedZED''') is an environmentally friendly housing development in [[Hackbridge]], [[London]], England. It is in the [[London Borough of Sutton]], {{convert|2|mi|km|0}} north-east of the town of [[Sutton, London|Sutton]] itself. Designed to create [[Carbon neutrality|zero carbon emissions]], it was the first large scale community to do so.<ref name="EnBrief 44">{{Citation|last1=Hyde |first1=Richard |last2=Watson |first2=Steve |last3=Cheshire |first3=Wendy |last4=Thompson |first4=Mark |title=The Environmental Brief: Pathways for Green Design |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApR5AgAAQBAJ&q=bedzed&pg=PA44 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |page=44 |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-203-96681-5 }}</ref>

==Background==
BedZED was designed by the architect [[Bill Dunster]] to be [[Carbon neutrality|carbon neutral]].<ref name="EnBrief 44" /> The project was led by the [[Peabody Trust]] in partnership with Bill Dunster Architects, Ellis & Moore Consulting Engineers, [[BioRegional]], [[Arup Group|Arup]] and the cost consultants Gardiner and Theobald. The project was the first construction project where a [[local government in the United Kingdom|local authority]] sold land at below market value to make sustainable development economically viable.<ref name="EnBrief 44" />

The 82 homes and {{convert|1405|m2|ft2}} of work space was built within the period of 2000–2002. The project was shortlisted for the [[Stirling Prize]] in 2003.

==Performance==
Monitoring conducted in 2003<ref>{{cite journal
  | author = Nicole Lazarus
  | title = Beddington Zero (Fossil) Energy Development: Toolkit for Carbon Neutral Developments - Part II
  | publisher = BioRegional
  | date = October 2003
  | url = http://www.bioregional.com/news-views/publications/toolkitforcarbonneutraldevelopmentspart2oct03/
  | url-status = dead
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090728234600/http://www.bioregional.com/news-views/publications/toolkitforcarbonneutraldevelopmentspart2oct03/
  | archive-date = 2009-07-28
  }}</ref> found that BedZED had achieved these reductions in comparison to UK averages:
* Space-heating requirements were 88% less.
* Hot-water consumption was 57% less.
* The [[electrical power]] used, at 3 [[kilowatt hour]]s per person per day, was 25% less than the UK average; 11% of this was produced by solar panels.<ref>{{cite journal
  | author = Simon Corbey  | title = The BedZED lessons
  | publisher = University of East London
  |date=December 2005}}</ref> The remainder normally would be produced by a [[Combined heat and power|combined-heat-and-power]] plant fuelled by wood chips, but the installation company's financial problems have delayed use of the plant.
* [[Drinking water|Mains-water]] consumption was reduced by 50%, or 67% compared to a power-shower<!-- Wikipedia ought to have an article that explains what power showers are. Many Westerners may be unfamiliar with them because they are rare in some Western countries. --> household.
* The residents' car mileage was 65% less.

==Problems==
A review of the BedZed development in 2010<ref name="BDR revisit 2010">{{cite news|last=Kucharek|first=Jan-Carlos|title=Bedding in nicely: BedZed was the ultimate sustainability trailblazer. Nearly a decade on, it may be thriving but it remains an anomaly|work=[[Building Design]] |date=23 July 2010 |url=https://www.bdonline.co.uk/revisiting-the-bedzed-community/5002956.article}}</ref> drew mainly positive conclusions: residents and neighbours were largely happy. However, a few significant failures were highlighted, for example:
*The biomass wood chip boiler (biomass gasifier) was no longer in operation and the backup power source, a gas boiler, was used from 2005–2017.<ref name="BDR revisit 2010" /> The downdraft wood chip gasifier CHP (combined heat and power) had reliability problems due to technical problems and the intermittent schedule of operation (no late-night operation) imposed by the local authority.<ref name=SevenYearsOn>{{cite web |url=http://www.bioregional.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/BedZED_seven_years_on.pdf |title=BedZED seven years on |publisher=Bioregional.com |date=July 2014 |pages=21–22 |access-date=2015-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923190405/http://www.bioregional.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/BedZED_seven_years_on.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, BedZED switched from gas back to a biomass pellet boiler in 2017 which provides heat for the district heating network but not electricity, which is now sourced from the grid on a green tariff. The biomass pellets are now sourced from Spain, not from local wood waste. 
*The 'Living Machine' water recycling facility had been unable to clean the water sufficiently. The cost of the facility also made it unviable.<ref name="BDR revisit 2010" />
*Passive heating from the sunspaces had been insufficient.
*Because of its location, the development requires the constant use of cars by residents. This negates its fundamental raison d'être, other than as an interesting experiment.

The results show that the average [[ecological footprint]] of a BedZED resident is 4.67 global hectares (2.6 planets), which is 89% of the baseline. This would reduce to 4.32 global hectares (2.4 planets) if the energy was all zero
carbon. However, a keen resident at BedZED (if the CHP was working) could achieve an ecological footprint of
3.0 global hectares (1.7 planets) which is 57% of the average. The target was 1 planet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bioregional.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/BedZED_seven_years_on.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=10 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923190405/http://www.bioregional.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/BedZED_seven_years_on.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Awards==
* 2003 – [[RIBA]] journal sustainability award – the judges said "BedZED goes way beyond the standard environmental checklist by challenging both the way we live and work... Until now, pioneering communities have often been attained at the expense of architectural ambition but at BedZED the architects have been highly innovative."<ref name=AJ2003>{{cite news|title=RIBA Journal Sustainability Award BedZED, Wallington, Surrey |url=http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/riba-journal-sustainability-award-bedzed-wallington-surrey/147503.article |work=[[Architects' Journal]]|date=27 November 2003 |access-date=17 November 2014}}</ref>
* 2003 – [[Ashden Awards]] – for projects building on the experience of BedZED<ref>[http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/brdg BedZED wins Ashden Award] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015655/http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/brdg |date=2007-09-30 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Passive solar building design]]
* [[BioRegional]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|BedZED}}
* [http://www.zedfactory.com/bedzed/bedzed.html ZedFactory's BedZED website]
* [http://www.peabody.org.uk/media-centre/case-studies/bedzed.aspx Information about BedZED on Peabody's website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bedzed}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Sutton]]
[[Category:Low-energy building in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2002]]
[[Category:Ecovillages]]
[[Category:Housing in England]]
[[Category:Mixed-use developments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Housing estates in the London Borough of Sutton]]