Editing Beechcraft C-12 Huron

{{short description|Military staff and utility transport aircraft series of the King Air family}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= C-12 Huron
 |image= File:U.S. Marine Corps C-12W.jpg
 |caption= A [[U.S. Marine Corps]] UC-12W
 |type= Military [[utility aircraft]]
 |manufacturer= [[Beechcraft]]
 |designer=
 |first_flight=
 |introduction= 1974 {{citation needed|reason=Reference missing|date=June 2016}}
 |retired=
 |status= Active service
 |primary_user= [[United States Air Force]]
 |more_users= [[United States Army]] <br />[[United States Marine Corps]] <br />[[United States Navy]]
 |produced= 1974–present {{citation needed|reason=Reference missing|date=June 2016}}
 |number_built=
 |developed_from= [[Beechcraft Super King Air]]
 |variants= [[Beechcraft RC-12 Guardrail]]
}}

The '''Beechcraft C-12 Huron''' is the military designation for a series of twin-engine [[turboprop]] aircraft based on the [[Beechcraft Super King Air]] and [[Beechcraft 1900]]. C-12 variants are used by the United States [[United States Air Force|Air Force]], [[United States Army|Army]], [[United States Navy|Navy]] and [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]]. These aircraft are used for various duties, including embassy support, medical evacuation, as well as passenger and light cargo transport. Some aircraft are modified with surveillance systems for various missions, including the '''Cefly Lancer''', [[Beechcraft RC-12 Guardrail]] and '''Project Liberty''' programs.

==Design and development==
Originally designated U-25A,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parsch |first1=Andreas |author2=Jos Heyman |title=Duplications in U.S. Military Aircraft Designation Series |url=https://www.designation-systems.net/usmilav/duplications.html |date=2004}}</ref> the first C-12A models entered service with the U.S. Army in 1974 and were used as a liaison and general personnel transport. The aircraft was essentially an "off-the-shelf" Super King Air 200, powered by the type's standard [[Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6|Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-41]] engines.<ref name="wok">{{cite web|url=http://www.wingsoverkansas.com/history/article.asp?id=346|title=King Air timeline from|publisher=Wings over Kansas|access-date=11 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603232003/http://www.wingsoverkansas.com/history/article.asp?id=346|archive-date=3 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The U.S. Navy followed suit in 1979, ordering a version of the Super King Air A200C (modified with a 1.32 m by 1.32 m; 52&nbsp;inch by 52&nbsp;inch cargo door from the Super King Air 200C), designating it the UC-12B, for logistics support between Naval and Marine Corps air stations, air facilities, and other activities, both in [[CONUS]] and overseas. The cabin can readily accommodate cargo, passengers or both. It is also equipped to accept [[Litter (rescue basket)|litter]] patients in medical evacuation missions. Through 1982, the Navy ordered 64 of these aircraft.<ref name="wok"/>

A U.S. Air Force variant of the plane for surveillance roles primarily over Afghanistan and Iraq was the MC-12W Liberty. For that variant, Beechcraft built the basic plane and then sent it to [[Greenville, Texas]] where sophisticated [[intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance]] (ISR) equipment was installed by [[L-3 Communications|L-3 Communications Missions Integration]].<ref>{{cite web|date=15 November 2012|title=Lifesaving Liberty|url=http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2011/April+2011/0411liberty.aspx|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115201213/http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2011/April%202011/0411liberty.aspx|archive-date=15 November 2012}}</ref> As of 2013 the Liberty program had exceeded 300,000 combat flying hours.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.acc.af.mil/News/story/id/123366273/ |title=MC-12W Liberty exceeds 300,000 flying hours |date=8 October 2013 |website=www.acc.af.mil |publisher=9th Reconnaissance Wing Public Affairs |last1=Trujillo |first1=Robert M. |access-date=11 June 2016 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926020228/http://www.acc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123366273 |archive-date=26 September 2015  }}</ref> The MC-12W was rushed into combat as a supplemental surveillance and [[signals intelligence]] asset. Since its first combat mission on 10 June 2009, the aircraft flew 400,000 combat hours in 79,000 combat sorties, aiding in the kill or capture of "more than 8,000 terrorists" and uncovering 650 weapons caches.  With its roles taken over by the growing [[MQ-9 Reaper]] fleet, the Air Force decided to divest itself of the 41 Liberty aircraft and turn them over to the U.S. Army and [[U.S. Special Operations Command]], which was completed by October 2015.<ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/beale-afb-farewells-mc-12-as-spy-plane-moves-to-army-417153/ Beale AFB farewells MC-12 as spy plane moves to Army and SOCOM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926035322/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/beale-afb-farewells-mc-12-as-spy-plane-moves-to-army-417153/ |date=26 September 2015 }} – Flightglobal.com, 25 September 2015</ref> The Air Force's final MC-12W deployment in support of Operation Enduring Freedom ended on 13 October 2015.<ref>
[https://www.acc.af.mil/News/story/id/123460965/ Homecoming: Beale Airmen return from final MC-12W deployment] – AF.mil, 14 October 2015 {{dead link|date=January 2016}}
</ref>

===TC-12B===
The TC-12B Huron was a twin-engine, pressurized version of the Beechcraft Super King Air 200. Twenty-five served with the U.S. Navy with Training Squadron 35 (VT-35), the Navy's only TC-12B Huron squadron based at [[Naval Air Station Corpus Christi]], Texas, home of the Training Air Wing 4 (TAW-4). The Navy retired this aircraft on 16 May 2017 and replaced and now relies on the T-44C for multi engine training.<ref name="ai717p26">{{cite magazine |last=Burgess |first=Rick  |title=Airscene: Two Naval Aviation Squadrons Deactivated: TC-12B Retirement | magazine=[[Air International]] | date=July 2017 |volume=93 |issue=1 |page=26 |issn=0306-5634}}</ref>

===UC-12F/M===
The UC-12F and UC-12M are light passenger and cargo airlift versions procured for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps from 1986 and 1987 respectively. They are based on the Super King Air 200, use PT6A-42 engines, and have a [[maximum takeoff weight]] (MTOW) of {{cvt|13,500|lb}}. They are configured as [[combi aircraft]] and are also used for multi-engine training and testing.<ref name=NAVAIR_C-12/>

===C-12J===
To meet the needs of transporting larger groups, the U.S. Army purchased six C-12J aircraft, based on the [[Beechcraft 1900]]C commuter airliner. One of the military C-12Js is used for [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] [[radio jamming|jamming]] tests at the 586th Flight Test Squadron, [[Holloman Air Force Base]], [[New Mexico]].<ref name="HAFB">{{cite web|url= http://www.holloman.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet_media.asp?fsID=5921 |title=Air Force Fact Sheet |publisher=Holloman.af.mil |access-date=26 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526083955/http://www.holloman.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet_media.asp?fsID=5921 |archive-date=26 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another is based at the 517th Airlift Squadron, [[Elmendorf Air Force Base]], [[Alaska]].<ref name="EAFB">{{cite web |url=https://www.jber.jb.mil/ |title=Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson – Home |publisher=Elmendorf.af.mil |access-date=26 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060726150046/http://www.elmendorf.af.mil/3Wing/Groups/3OG/517AS/Webdocs/index.htm |archive-date=26 July 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref> Three were based at the 55th Airlift Flight, [[Osan Air Base]], South Korea.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} They have been relocated to the [[459th Airlift Squadron]], [[Yokota Air Base]], Japan. The remaining two are used by U.S. Army Aviation.<ref name="ARAV">{{cite web |url=http://www.usarmyaviation.com/fixedwing.htm |title=Army aviation web page |publisher=Usarmyaviation.com |access-date=26 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717175117/http://www.usarmyaviation.com/fixedwing.htm |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Although the UD- series 1900s were manufactured exclusively for military use, the United States military and other military and government organizations use 1900s from other series such as the UB-series 1900C, and 1900Ds which may be found elsewhere.<ref name="ARAV" />

===UC-12W===
The UC-12W is an improved version of the UC-12F/M for the Marine Corps procured from 2010 for the same missions. It is based on the Super King Air 350, uses PT6A-60A engines, and has an MTOW of {{cvt|16,500|lb}}.<ref name=NAVAIR_C-12>{{cite web| url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/c-12 |title= C-12 Huron |publisher=Navail Air Systems Command |website=navair.navy.mil |access-date=5 September 2024}}</ref> According to its 2022 Marine Aviation Plan, [[United States Marine Corps Aviation]] plans to phase out the Model 200-based UC-12F and UC-12M along with the [[Cessna UC-35D]] and replace them with new UC-12Ws by 2032.<ref>{{cite web|title=2022 Marine Aviation Plan |url=https://www.aviation.marines.mil/Portals/11/Documents/Aviation%20Plan/2022%20Marine%20Aviation%20Plan%20FINAL%20April%202022.pdf |publisher=United States Marine Corps Aviation |website=aviation.marines.mil |access-date=3 September 2024 |pages=139–140}}</ref>

==Variants==

===King Air 200-based variants===
[[File:Beech C-12A Huron (A200), USA - Army AN2087007.jpg|thumb|U.S. Army C-12A]]
;C-12A: Used by the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] and [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] for liaison and attache transport. Based on the King Air A200, with {{convert|750|shp|kW|abbr=on}} PT6A-38 engines driving three-bladed propellers, and normally seating for eight passengers. 60 delivered to US Army and 30 to USAF, with one to Greek Air Force. Survivors later upgraded to C-12C standard.<ref name="iapr11p778">Kaminski ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003–2004, pp. 77–78</ref><ref name="iapr12p901">Kaminski  ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, pp. 90–91</ref>
;UC-12B: [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]/[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] version with an additional cargo door and powered by {{convert|850|shp|kW|abbr=on}} PT6A-41 engines. Based on the King Air A200C. 66 built.<ref name="iapr12p91">Kaminski  ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, p. 91</ref>
;NC-12B: Conversion of UC-12B as testbed for [[sonobuoy]]s, fitted with four sonobuoy launchers. One converted.<ref name="iapr12p91"/>
;TC-12B: U.S. Navy training version developed by conversion of surplus UC-12B airframes. 20 converted.<ref name="iapr12p91"/> 
;C-12C: Based on C-12A but with {{convert|850|shp|kW|abbr=on}} PT6A-41 engines. 14 new build aircraft for U.S. Army together with converted C-12As.<ref name="iapr12p91"/>
;C-12D: U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force version. Based on the King Air A200CT, with 850 shp PT-6A-41 or PT-6A-42 engines. Changes include larger cargo door, "high-flotation" landing gear (a Beechcraft option for larger main landing gear wheels for use on unimproved runways) and provision for wingtip fuel tanks. Forty built for US Army and 6 for US Air Force.<ref name="iapr11p78">Kaminski ''International Air Power Review'' Winter 2003–2004, p. 78</ref><ref name="iapr12p92">Kaminski  ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, p. 92</ref>
;[[RC-12|RC-12D]]: Special mission, SIGINT aircraft for the U.S. Army, fitted with ''Guardrail V'' SIGINT system. 13 converted from C-12Ds, with one de-converted to C-12D standard<ref name="iapr12p92"/>
;UC-12D: Based on the King Air A200CT (serial numbers BP-7 though BP-11).{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
;C-12E: Proposed upgraded C-12A aircraft with PT-6A-42 engines for the USAF. Program cancelled with no aircraft converted.<ref name="iapr12p92"/>
[[File:C-12 Huron.png|thumb|A USN C-12F]]
;C-12F: Operational support aircraft for USAF and US Army, powered by PT6A-42 engines. Forty (later known as '''C-12F-3'''), based on King Air 200C with four-bladed propellers, leased from 1984 (and later purchased outright) by the USAF, with six more delivered to the Air National Guard. Twelve aircraft based on King Air A200CT and with three-bladed propellers were purchased by the US Army from 1985 (later known as '''C-12F-1'''), followed by another eight based on King Air 200C but with three-bladed propellers (later '''C-12F-2''').<ref name="iapr12p923">Kaminski  ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, pp. 92–93</ref>
;RC-12F: U.S. Navy version of the UC-12F modified with AN/APS-140/504 surface search [[radar]]. Two converted for range surveillance duties at the [[Pacific Missile Range Facility]]. Radar later removed and aircraft converted to operational support duties.<ref name="iapr12p93"/>
;UC-12F: U.S. Navy version based on the King Air B200C, powered by PT6A-41s driving three-bladed propellers. Twelve operated from 1982.<ref name="iapr12p93">Kaminski  ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, p. 93</ref>  Cockpit upgraded to Proline 21.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
;[[RC-12|RC-12G]]: U.S. Army version used for real-time tactical intelligence support under the ''Crazyhorse'' program.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Based on C-12D, three built.<ref name="iapr12p93"/>
;[[RC-12|RC-12H]]: Special mission, battlefield SIGINT aircraft for the U.S. Army, based on C-12D and fitted with ''Guardrail/Common Sensor 3 (Minus)'' SIGINT system. Six built.<ref name="iapr12p94">Kaminski  ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, p. 94</ref>
;C-12L: Three A200s acquired for use in the ''Cefly Lancer'' program as RU-21Js; CEFLY is an acronym standing for Communications and Electronics Forward Looking Flying.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} In 1984 these were modified with new VIP interiors, returning to the U.S. Army as C-12Ls.<ref name="Harding">{{cite book|last=Harding|first=Stephen|title=U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947|year=1997|publisher=Schiffer Publishing Ltd.|location=Atglen, PA, USA|isbn=978-0-933424-53-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/usarmyaircraftsi0000hard/page/30 30]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/usarmyaircraftsi0000hard/page/30}}</ref>
;UC-12M: Support aircraft for U.S. Navy based in King Air B200C. Twelve built.<ref name="iapr12p95"/>
;RC-12M: Conversion of UC-12M for range surveillance duties with AN/APS-140/504 surface search radar. Two converted.<ref name="iapr12p95"/>
[[File:Beechcraft RC-12N Huron in flight.jpg|thumb|An RC-12N Guardrail [[Aerial Common Sensor|Common Sensor]] aircraft]]
;C-12R: Support aircraft for US Army based on King Air B200C, powered by {{convert|850|shp|kW|abbr=on}} PT6A-42 engines driving 4-bladed propellers and with [[EFIS]] [[glass cockpit]] instrumentation. 29 built. Modifications for [[Global air-traffic management]] given designation '''C-12R-1'''.<ref name="iapr12p96"/>
;C-12T: Upgrade of earlier U.S. Army C-12F versions with improved cockpit instrumentation.
;C-12U: Upgrade of U.S. Army C-12T versions with improved cockpit instrumentation in order to meet global air traffic management directives.
;RU-21J: Special mission, battlefield ELINT aircraft. Three Model 200s were brought by the U.S. Army for use in the ''Cefly Lancer'' program in the early 1970s.  Designated by Beechcraft as the Model A100-1.<ref name="p83">Phillips 1992, p. 83.</ref><!-- Not a typo, the aircraft were designated as a variant of the Model 100 despite being of the Model 200 type -->
;C-12V: Upgraded C-12R with Proline 21 FMS

===King Air 300-based variants===
;MARSS: MULTI-INT ISR platform. The MARSS provides the commander with a multi-intelligence collection capability to accurately detect, identify, and report threat targets in near real-time.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} IMINT, COMINT and ELINT intercept capability. As of June 2010, 11 MARSS were created from outfitted Beechcraft King Air B-300 aircraft.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

===King Air 350-based variants===
[[File:427th Reconnaissance Squadron MC-12 10-0728.jpg|thumb|MC-12W Liberty]]
;C-12S: U.S. Army version based on the King Air 350, with seating for 8 to 15 passengers and quick cargo conversion capability.
;MC-12W:USAF version modified for the [[ISTAR|Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance]] (ISR) role; originally 8 King Air 350s and 29 King Air 350ERs and ending with 42 350ERs (including one combat loss). In service since June 2009 in Iraq and Afghanistan and globally for USSOCOM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airforce-magazine.com/DRArchive/Pages/2009/January%202009/January%2026%202009/CurtainGoesUponProjectLiberty.aspx|title=Curtain Goes Up on Project Liberty|work=Air Force Magazine|access-date=12 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524153840/http://www.airforce-magazine.com/DRArchive/Pages/2009/January%202009/January%2026%202009/CurtainGoesUponProjectLiberty.aspx|archive-date=24 May 2011 |url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>Vanden Brook, Tom, "[https://www.usatoday.com/news/military/2010-06-01-Liberty_N.htm Newest Manned Spy Plane Scores Points In War Effort] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416041238/http://www.usatoday.com/news/military/2010-06-01-Liberty_N.htm |date=16 April 2012 }}", ''[[USA Today]]'', 2 June 2010, p. 5.</ref> All aircraft were transferred to USSOCOM, US Army, and other US government agencies by 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.janes.com/article/45588/usaf-outlines-divestiture-plans-for-mc-12w-liberty-aircraft|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141111154840/http://www.janes.com/article/45588/usaf-outlines-divestiture-plans-for-mc-12w-liberty-aircraft|url-status=dead|archive-date= 11 November 2014|title=USAF outlines divestiture plans for MC-12W Liberty aircraft|date=10 November 2014|publisher=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|last1=Jennings|first1=Gareth|website=www.janes.com|access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref>  The [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] ordered 3 similar, if not exact, variants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/purchase-of-three-spy-planes-from-the-u-s-will-cost-canada-140-million-more-than-planned|title=Purchase of three spy planes from the U.S. could cost Canada $140 million more than planned &#124; National Post}}</ref>
;UC-12W: U.S. Marine Corps version based on the King Air 350.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/wichita/stories/2010/05/17/daily15.html |first=Daniel |last=McCoy |title=Hawker rolls out first UC-12W |date=18 May 2010 |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026075240/http://www.bizjournals.com/wichita/stories/2010/05/17/daily15.html |archive-date=26 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> 
;MC-12S (EMARSS-S): U.S. Army nomenclature for the modified MC-12W aircraft. [[EMARSS]]

===Beechcraft 1900-based variant===
[[File:Beech C-12J Huron Yokota Air Base 2007.jpg|thumb|A U.S. Air Force Beech C-12J Huron lands at Yokota Air Base, Japan, on 29 June 2007.]]

;C-12J: Used by the U.S. Air Force's [[Pacific Air Forces]], and [[Air Force Materiel Command]]. It carries 2 crew and 19 passengers. The C-12J is based on the [[Beechcraft 1900]]C and carries the serials UD-1 through UD-6.
The Air Force currently operates only 4 C-12Js. 3 are operated by the [[459th Airlift Squadron]] at [[Yokota Air Base]], Japan and 1 by the [[Air Force Materiel Command]] from [[Holloman AFB]], New Mexico. The Army has C-12Js in use.

===Special military variants===
The following [[RC-12]] variants, although similar to earlier RC-12s based on the King Air 200, {{citation needed span|represent specially built airframes that|date=August 2021}} combined upgraded engines (1,100 shp PT6A-67) {{citation needed span|and structural upgrades (swapping the traditional KA-200/300/350 T-Tail for the 1900 modified T-Tail to compensate for torque and aerodynamics and having reinforced spars to compensate for the increased maximum gross weight|date=August 2021}} - up to as high as 16,500 lbs).{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
 
;[[RC-12]]K: SIGINT aircraft for US Army based on King Air A200CT, with {{convert|1200|shp|kW|abbr=on}} PT-6A-67 engines driving four-bladed propellers and with increased ({{convert|16000|lb|kg|-1|abbr=on}} max take-off weight. Fitted with ''Guardrail/Common Sensor System 4'' system. Nine built.<ref name="iapr12p94"/>
;RC-12N: SIGINT aircraft for US Army based on King Air A200CT/C-12F airframe with {{convert|1200|shp|kW|abbr=on}} PT-6A-67 engines driving four-bladed propellers and {{convert|16200|lb|kg|-1|abbr=on}} max take-off weight. Fitted with ''Guardrail/Common Sensor System 1'' system. 15 C-12Fs converted to this standard.<ref name="iapr12p95">Kaminski  ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, p. 95</ref>
;RC-12P: SIGINT aircraft for US Army based on King Air A200CT/C-12F airframe with {{convert|1200|shp|kW|abbr=on}} PT-6A-67 engines driving four-bladed propellers and {{convert|16200|lb|kg|-1|abbr=on}} max take-off weight. Fitted with ''Guardrail/Common Sensor System 2'' system. 9 built.<ref name="iapr12p95"/>
;RC-12Q: SIGINT aircraft for US Army, similar to RC-12P and with same ''Guardrail/Common Sensor System 2'' sensors, but with satellite communications antenna in dorsal radome. Three built.<ref name="iapr12p96">Kaminski  ''International Air Power Review'' Spring 2004, p. 96</ref>
;[[RC-12]]X, X+: Intelligence-gathering platform. 14 ordered, the first delivered to the U.S. Army in January 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/02/11/353108/northrop-reveals-interest-in-new-upgrade-for-rc-12x.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217190646/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/02/11/353108/northrop-reveals-interest-in-new-upgrade-for-rc-12x.html |url-status=dead|archive-date=17 February 2011 |title=Northrop reveals interest in new upgrade for RC-12X |date=14 February 2011 |access-date=14 February 2011  }}</ref>

''Note: The U.S. military also operates other [[Beechcraft King Air|King Air]] versions under other designations, including the '''C-6 Ute''' and '''T-44''' series. In addition, there are a number of Beechcraft 1900s operated by the military under civilian registrations, using their civilian model designations.''

==Operators==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

{{more citations needed section|date=April 2021}}

;{{ARG}}
* [[Fuerza Aerea Argentina]]
* [[Armada Argentina]]
;{{CAN}}
* [[Royal Canadian Air Force#Leased and contractor aircraft|Royal Canadian Air Force]] to support Special Operations.
;{{GRE}}
* [[Hellenic Army]]
;{{ISR}}
* [[Israeli Air Force]]
;{{PAK}}
* [[Pakistan Air Force]]
;{{PHI}}
* [[Philippine Navy]]
;{{USA}}
* [[United States Air Force]]
* [[United States Army]] 116 Beech A200 King Air as of January 2025<ref name="Military Balance 2025">{{cite book |title=The Military Balance |date=2025 |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |isbn=978-1-041-04967-8}}</ref>{{rp|37}}
* [[United States Marine Corps]]
* [[United States Navy]]
* [[NASA]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://airbornescience.nasa.gov/aircraft/B-200_UC-12B_-_LARC|title=B-200 (UC-12B) - LARC &#124; NASA Airborne Science Program|website=airbornescience.nasa.gov}}</ref>

==Specifications (Beechcraft C-12 Huron)==
[[File:Beechcraft King Air B200.gif|right|350px|Orthographically projected diagram of the Beechcraft King Air B200.]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2005-2006<ref name="Janes">{{cite book |title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2005-06 |editor1-last=Jackson |editor1-first=Paul |year=2005 |publisher=Jane's Publishing Group |location=London |isbn=9780710626844 |edition=96th}}</ref>{{page needed|date=August 2021}}
|prime units?=kts
<!--
        General characteristics 
-->
|crew=1–5
|capacity=13 passengers
|length ft=43
|length in=9
|length note=
|span ft=54
|span in=6
|span note=
|height ft=15
|height in=
|height note=
|wing area sqft=303
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil='''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 23018]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 23012]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight lb=7755
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=12500
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|675.2|USgal|impgal l}} ; {{cvt|1035.2|USgal|impgal l}} with ferry tanks 
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-42]]
|eng1 type=[[turboprop]] engines
|eng1 shp=850
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=4
|prop name=constant-speed propellers
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kts=289
|max speed note=at {{cvt|15000|ft|0}}
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kts=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range nmi=1450
|range note=C-12J<ref name="Yokota">{{cite web |title=C-12 Huron |url=https://www.yokota.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/410687/c-12-huron/ |website=Yokota Air Base |access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref>
|ferry range nmi=1800
|ferry range note=C-12J with maximum fuel and 45-minute reserve<ref name="Yokota"/>
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=35000
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=2450
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes -->
|sink rate note=
|lift to drag=
|wing loading lb/sqft=41.3
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.14|hp/lb}}
|more performance=<!--<br />
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}
*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}-->

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Beechcraft King Air]]
* [[Beechcraft Super King Air]]
* [[Beechcraft 1900]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Cessna 425]]
* [[Cessna 441]]
* [[Mitsubishi Mu-2]]
* [[Piper PA-31T Cheyenne]]
* [[Embraer EMB 121 Xingu]]
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist}}
;Bibliography
* DoD 4120-15L, ''Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles'', [[United States Department of Defense]], 12 May 2004
* {{cite magazine |last=Kaminski |first=Tom |title=Variant File: US Military King Airs |magazine=International Air Power Review |date=Winter 2003–2004 |volume=11 |pages=74–93 |issn=1473-9917 |isbn=1-880588-60-9}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Kaminski |first=Tom |title=US Military King Air Variants Part 2: C-12 |magazine=International Air Power Review |date=Spring 2004 |volume=12 |pages=90–97|issn=1473-9917 |isbn=1-880588-77-3}}
* [[Edward H. Phillips|Phillips, Edward H.]], ''Beechcraft: Pursuit of Perfection, A History of Beechcraft Airplanes.'' Egan, Minnesota: Flying Books, 1992. {{ISBN|978-0-91113-911-2}}.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Beechcraft C-12 Huron}}
* [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/c-12.htm C-12 on fas.org]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023081639/http://www.apiworldwide.com/API/Global/1/English/1/ConversionAirApplicationChart/1039.html API model application chart, provided variant model basis and serial number ranges]
* [http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/mc-liberty/ MC-12W Liberty ISR Aircraft, USA]

{{King Air family}}
{{Beechcraft}}
{{US transport aircraft}}

[[Category:Beechcraft aircraft|C-12 Huron]]
[[Category:1980s United States military reconnaissance aircraft]]
[[Category:Signals intelligence]]
[[Category:1980s United States military utility aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]