Editing Beihai

{{other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Beihai
| official_name      = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name        = {{lang|zh|北海市}}<br>{{lang|za|Bwzhaij}}
| other_name         = Pakhoi
| settlement_type    = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| nickname           = 
| motto              = 
| image_skyline      = 海边钓鱼 - panoramio.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Beihai Silver Beach
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| image_blank_emblem = 
| blank_emblem_size  = 
| image_map          = Guangxi subdivisions - Beihai.svg
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = Location of Beihai in Guangxi
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[China|People's Republic of China]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Autonomous regions of the People's Republic of China|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Guangxi]]
| subdivision_type2  = 
| subdivision_name2  = 
| seat_type          = Municipal seat
| seat               = [[Haicheng District]]
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| leader_title1      = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 3337
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| population_as_of   = 2010 census
| population_footnotes = 
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 1539300
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 405600
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 572000
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| demographics_type2   = GDP<ref>{{citation|title=广西统计年鉴－2021|url=http://tjj.gxzf.gov.cn//tjsj/tjnj/material/tjnj20200415/2022/indexch.htm|website=tjj.gxzf.gov.cn}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 150.4 billion<br />[[US$]] 23.3 billion 
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 80,710<br />US$ 12,510
| timezone           = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| coor_pinpoint      = Beihai government
| coordinates        = {{coord|21.481|N|109.120|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-45_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m        = 21
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 536000
| area_code          = 779
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-GX-05]]
| registration_plate = {{lang|zh-cn|桂E}}
| website            = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes          = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| psp = Pakhoi
| l = north of the sea
| pic = BH name.svg
| piccap = "Beihai", as written in Chinese
| picsize = 125px
| c = {{linktext|lang=zh|北海}}
| p = Běihǎi
| w = Pei<sup>3</sup>-hai<sup>3</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|b|ei|3|h|ai|3}}
| j = bak<sup>1</sup>hoi<sup>2</sup>
| y = Bāk hói
| zha = Bwzhaij
| zha57 = Bɯƨhaiз
}}

'''Beihai''' ({{zh|c=北海|p=Běihǎi}}; [[Postal romanization]]: '''Pakhoi'''<ref>{{cite book|year=1956|author=Theodore Shabad|title=China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic|location=New York|publisher=Frederick A. Praeger|lccn=55-11530|oclc=916993074|page=166|url=https://archive.org/details/chinaschangingma0000shab/page/166/mode/2up|quote=With the exception of Shiukwan on the Canton-Hankow railroad, Kwangtung’s regional centers are situated along the coast, notably in the Canton delta. There, in addition to Canton, are the cities of Fatshan, Kongmoon and Shekki. The metropolis of western Kwangtung is Tsamkong, and '''Pakhoi''' is the chief town of the western panhandle.}}</ref>) is a [[prefecture-level city]] in the south of [[Guangxi]], People's Republic of China. Its status as a [[seaport]] on the north shore of the [[Gulf of Tonkin]] has granted it historical importance as a port of international trade for Guangxi, [[Hunan]], [[Hubei]], [[Sichuan]], [[Guizhou]], and [[Yunnan]].<ref name="City intro">{{cite web |url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101301301.shtml? |script-title=zh:北海城市介绍 |publisher = Weather China |language = zh-hans |access-date = 2012-02-25}}</ref> Between the years 2006 and 2020, Beihai was predicted to be the world's fastest growing city.<ref>[http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html City Mayors: World's fastest growing urban areas]</ref>{{Update inline|date=December 2024}}{{bsn|date=December 2024}} Beihai has a large [[shipyard]], but most of the money generated in the city is derived from trade.

In addition, it governs the small [[island]]s of [[Weizhou Island|Weizhou]] and [[Xieyang Island|Xieyang]], and is directly west of [[Leizhou Peninsula]].

== Subdivisions ==
Up to 2022, Beihai contains 3 districts and 1 county, which are subdivided into 7 urban sub-districts, 22 towns, 1 townships, 95 neighborhood committees, 336 village committees. (see also [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Levels]])<ref>{{cite news|last1=the Yearbook of Beihai |first1= |title=Overview of Beihai |url=http://www.beihai.gov.cn/xxgkbm/bhsdfzbzwyhbgs/ztzl_26/sqzl/bhgk/t14198520.shtml | publisher=Beihai Government}}</ref>
* [[Haicheng District]] ({{lang|zh-hans|海城区}})
* [[Yinhai District]] ({{lang|zh-hans|银海区}})
* [[Tieshangang District]] ({{lang|zh-hans|铁山港区}})
* [[Hepu County]] ({{lang|zh-hans|合浦县}})

{| class="wikitable"
! Map
|-
| align="center"| <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Beihai.png|width=515|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=500|y=1020|scale=515/2060|text=[[Haicheng District|'''Haicheng''']]}}
{{Image label|x=940|y=890|scale=515/2060|text=[[Yinhai District|'''Yinhai''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1230|y=830|scale=515/2060|text=[[Tieshangang District|'''Tieshangang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1040|y=350|scale=515/2060|text=[[Hepu County|'''Hepu<br>County''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|}

== History ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}[[File:French stamps for Pak-Hoi.jpg|thumb|right|350px|[[French Indochina]] postage stamps for use in Beihai (Pakhoi)]]
After the 1876 Sino-British [[Treaty of Yantai]], eight Western nations (the UK, US, Germany, [[Austria-Hungary]], France, Italy, Portugal, and Belgium) set up consulates, hospitals, churches, schools, and maritime [[customs]]. Today, 15 of these western buildings remain in Beihai. It officially became an international tourist spot ({{lang|zh-hans|旅游对外开放城市}}) in 1982.

===City timeline===

* December 4, 1949: Beihai became a town of Hepu County under the [[Chinese Communist Party]].
* January 1951: a province-administered city of [[Guangdong]]
* May 1951: entrusted to Guangxi
* March 1952: officially administered by Guangxi
* May 1955: Administered by Guangdong again
* 1956: reduced to a county-level city
* 1958: reduced to Beihai [[People's Commune]] of Hepu County
* 1959: county-class town
* 1964: restored to county-class city
* June 1965: Administered by Guangxi again
* October 1983: restored to prefecture-level city

==Climate==
Beihai has a [[monsoon]]-influenced [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwa''), with mild to warm winters and long, hot (but not especially) summers, and very humid conditions year-round. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|14.6|°C}} in January to {{convert|29.0|°C}} in July, while extremes have ranged from {{convert|2.6|to|37.1|°C|°F|0}}. Rain is both the heaviest and most frequent from June to September, when 70% of the annual rainfall also occurs. This is in contrast to the autumn and winter months, where only {{convert|20|to|40|mm|in}} of rain falls per month. The area receives about 2,000 hours of sunshine annually.<ref name = "City intro"/> Extremes since 1951 have ranged from {{convert|2.0|°C|0}} (unofficial record of {{convert|0|°C|0}} was set in January 1893 on an unknown date) to {{convert|37.1|°C|0}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=中国各地城市的历史最低气温 |url=https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805 |access-date=2024-09-15 |website=weibo.com}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| collapsed = Y
| location = Beihai, elevation {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2020)
| Jan high C = 18.7
| Feb high C = 20.3
| Mar high C = 23.1
| Apr high C = 27.3
| May high C = 30.6
| Jun high C = 31.8
| Jul high C = 31.9
| Aug high C = 31.8
| Sep high C = 31.3
| Oct high C = 29.3
| Nov high C = 25.6
| Dec high C = 21.0
| Jan mean C = 14.7
| Feb mean C = 16.4
| Mar mean C = 19.4
| Apr mean C = 23.7
| May mean C = 27.2
| Jun mean C = 28.9
| Jul mean C = 29.1
| Aug mean C = 28.6
| Sep mean C = 27.6
| Oct mean C = 25.0
| Nov mean C = 21.1
| Dec mean C = 16.6
| Jan low C = 12.0
| Feb low C = 13.9
| Mar low C = 16.9
| Apr low C = 21.3
| May low C = 24.6
| Jun low C = 26.6
| Jul low C = 26.6
| Aug low C = 26.0
| Sep low C = 24.8
| Oct low C = 22.0
| Nov low C = 18.0
| Dec low C = 13.7
| Jan record high C = 27.9
| Jan record low C = 2.0
| Feb record high C = 29.9
| Feb record low C = 2.5
| Mar record high C = 31.5
| Mar record low C = 3.5
| Apr record high C = 33.4
| Apr record low C = 9.6
| May record high C = 35.8
| May record low C = 15.0
| Jun record high C = 36.2
| Jun record low C = 19.2
| Jul record high C = 36.2
| Jul record low C = 20.2
| Aug record high C = 37.1
| Aug record low C = 18.7
| Sep record high C = 36.4
| Sep record low C = 16.1
| Oct record high C = 34.7
| Oct record low C = 12.0
| Nov record high C = 32.0
| Nov record low C = 6.4
| Dec record high C = 28.8
| Dec record low C = 2.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 38.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 30.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 50.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 71.6
| May precipitation mm = 127.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 299.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 384.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 440.4
| Sep precipitation mm = 217.4
| Oct precipitation mm = 83.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 48.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 29.9
| Jan humidity = 78
| Feb humidity = 82
| Mar humidity = 84
| Apr humidity = 83
| May humidity = 81
| Jun humidity = 82
| Jul humidity = 82
| Aug humidity = 84
| Sep humidity = 80
| Oct humidity = 75
| Nov humidity = 74
| Dec humidity = 72
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 7.8
| Feb precipitation days = 8.5
| Mar precipitation days = 12.2
| Apr precipitation days = 10.0
| May precipitation days = 10.4
| Jun precipitation days = 13.7
| Jul precipitation days = 16.0
| Aug precipitation days = 17.1
| Sep precipitation days = 12.4
| Oct precipitation days = 6.4
| Nov precipitation days = 5.4
| Dec precipitation days = 6.2
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 93.9
| Feb sun = 80.3
| Mar sun = 82.3
| Apr sun = 118.4
| May sun = 197.1
| Jun sun = 185.7
| Jul sun = 208.3
| Aug sun = 193.8
| Sep sun = 194.5
| Oct sun = 204.2
| Nov sun = 165.0
| Dec sun = 126.9
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 28
| Feb percentsun = 25
| Mar percentsun = 22
| Apr percentsun = 31
| May percentsun = 48
| Jun percentsun = 46
| Jul percentsun = 51
| Aug percentsun = 49
| Sep percentsun = 53
| Oct percentsun = 57
| Nov percentsun = 50
| Dec percentsun = 38
| year percentsun = 
| source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref>[[NOAA]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/China/CSV/BEIHAI_59644.csv
|title = Beihai Climate Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = [[NOAA]]
|language = en-us
}}</ref>
| source 2 = Weather China<ref name = "City intro"/>
| source = 
}}

== Language ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2023}}

=== [[Yue Chinese|Yue Language]] ===
*[[Qin-Lian Yue]]<br>It is the mostly common vernacular languages group in Beihai, including old language (Limchownese Language and Nga Language) and new language (kinds accents of Cantonese).
**'''Limchownese Language'''<br>({{lang-zh|廉州話}}), the name stemming from the [[Lianzhou, Guangxi|Town of Lianzhou]], the capital of [[Hepu County|County of Hepu]], which was the central and capital town for several modern cities nearby in early history. Or '''Hoppo Language''' ({{lang-zh|合浦話}}), has been named by the County of Hepu, which was the major city in [[Gulf of Tonkin]] of ancient China. Or '''Rural Language''' ({{lang-zh|村下話}}), literally speaking, the language was most widely used until the [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]] and [[Tanka people|Tanka]] immigrants from the zone of Pearl River - capital district of [[Guangdong|Province of Guangdong]] with their [[Cantonese|Cantonese Language]] have been dominating South of Hepu - modern [[Haicheng District|District of Haicheng]], focal point of Beihai, where downtown has been moved to from Town of Lianzhou since 19th century after Chefoo Convention which demanded Beihai as a treaty port. Or '''Jute-planter Language''' ({{lang-zh|麻佬話}}), whose name was from 'jute-planter' ({{lang-zh|麻佬}}) is used to describe the Limchownese-speaking people tend to broadly plant jute. The term is widely used in East of Hepu. Limchownese is mostly widely used in Beihai, and regarded as the first language and mother tongue by the most of native. People in County of Hepu and [[Yinhai District|District of Yinhai]] only speak Limchownese as '''monolingual''' (only '''regional languages''' are listed, or as ''''dialects'''' regarded by [[Government of China]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] that is [[Languages of China|national language of China]] isn't counted here). However, citizens in District of Haicheng - the zone of chief administration mostly speak it as '''bilingual''', Pakhoi Cantonese is more mainstream here, the elder are mostly proficient for the 2 languages, the young might only speak the latter and are mostly able to listen, understand and simulate the former language.
**'''Nga Language'''<br>({{lang-zh|我話}}, [[Literal translation|literally]] 'my language') named by the pronunciation of 'I' ({{lang-zh|我}}) /ŋa/, some call '''Maritime Language''' ({{lang-zh|海邊話}}), another elder speakers call '''Hoppo Language''' ({{lang-zh|合浦話}}),  for distinguishing from sharing the same name of with Limchownese Language, they call Limchownese 'Outer Language' ({{lang-zh|坡外話}}). Linguistically, Nga Language is closely related to Limchownese Language, sometimes regarded as a dialect of it. Nga Language is mostly spoken in [[Tieshangang District|District of Tieshangang]], and some in District of Yinhai and [[Town of Zakou]] border on Tieshangang. Nga Language and Limchownese Language are able to be talked each other in some extent (approximately 50-60 percent and more), but a little confusion about understand and tone. And it's easy to learn and simulate Limchownese for the people speaking Nga Language. Historical name for Tieshangang was 'pearl pool' ({{lang-zh|珠廠}}), so the many ancient people who spoke this language called 'the pearl fishers' ({{lang-zh|珠民}}) in historical information. The pearl played the most significant role in Beihai's ancient history.
**'''Costal Language'''<br>({{lang-zh|海邊話}}), also named '''Civilian Language''' ({{lang-zh|百姓話}}) is spoken in Town of Shatian. This language is debatable Which language group it belongs to, sometimes it will be stated as [[Min Chinese|Min Language]]. However, it shares many indigenous words with Limchownese Language and Nga Language.
**'''Pakhoi Cantonese'''<br>({{lang-zh|北海白話}}, [[Literal translation|literally]] 'vernacular of Beihai'), abbreviated as '''Pakhoi Language''' ({{lang-zh|北海話}}), '''vernacular''' or '''Common Language''' ({{lang-zh|白话}}), the dialect of Cantonese, is the second most-spoken language in Beihai. After Cantonese and Tanka immigrants brought their language and culture while settled in Beihai in 19th century, it has been changed by the influence of native through time. ''''Limchownese-Cantonese'''' is the most appropriate term to explain it. Pakhoi Cantonese has experienced strong influence from Limchownese language, especially native conventional vocabularies and phrase different from [[Cantonese|Cantonese Language]], some are originated from [[Kra–Dai languages]] without [[Chinese characters]] to write (sometimes meaningless homonyms are used to write), others are diverse or very rare Sintic words to use. And its pronunciations are also influenced, some Chinese characters each have 2 different pronunciations - '''Limchownese-Cantonese pronunciation''' and '''native''' '''Cantonese pronunciation''', depending on their different vocabulary which means combining more than 2 characters (or words from Kra–Dai languages) to form a phrase. And some expressions have 2 different phrases - '''native''' '''Cantonese phrase''' and '''Limchownese phrase'''.
**'''Naamhong Cantonese''' ({{lang-zh|南康白話}}), is only spoken in the downtown of Town of Nankang. It is close to Pakhoi Cantonese but with an obviously different tone. However, the most widely used in Town of Nankang is Nga Language, mostly in hinterland.
*'''Cantonese varieties of mixed''' '''Yue'''<br>The local '''Cantonese''' accents of Beihai with native Qin-Lian Yue and [[Yuehai Yue]] (widely known as ''''Cantonese''' of [[Guangzhou]]') mixed.
**'''Tanka Cantonese'''<br>({{lang-zh|蜑家話}}) is spoken by [[Tanka people|Tanka People]] who are mostly living in Waishaqiao ({{lang-zh|外沙橋}})  the north bank of Beihai, some very elderly people speak in the absolute Tanka accent, the middle age and the young speak in mixed accents with Pakhoi Cantonese.
**'''Overseas-Chinese Cantonese'''<br>({{lang-zh|華僑白話}}) is spoken by the people living in [[Town of Qiaogang]], majorly consist of Chinese-vietnamese refugees expelled during the anti-China protest in Vietnam in 1975. Overseas-Chinese accents are complex, the minority speak in Cantonese accent or Tanka accent, the majority speak in a mixed accent with Pakhoi Cantonese or Limchownese Language.
**'''Saanhau Cantonese'''<br>({{lang-zh|山口白話}}) is only spoken in the downtown of Town of Shankou which is the border [[Guangxi|Province of Guangxi]] and [[Guangdong|Province of Guangdong]]. It is close to [[Cantonese|Guangzhou Cantonese]].

=== [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka Language]] ===
*West Guangdong-South Guangxi Hakka
**'''Ngai Language'''<br>({{lang-zh|涯話}}, [[Literal translation|literally]] 'my language') named by the pronunciation of 'I' (Chinese: 我) /ŋai/, 涯 is the meaningless 'borrowed characters' based on its similar pronunciation, or '''New-immigrants Language''' ({{lang-zh|新民話}}) is the third most-speaking language. It is linguistically divided as a dialect of [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka Language]], but some speakers distinguish themselves from [[Hakka people|Hakka]] (Because  most of Ngai people consider that they don't share a origins with Hakka people). The speakers mainly gather in several towns of Eastern Hepu and [[Weizhou Island]] (the mother tongue for about 60% islanders). Most of Ngai people's ancestors moved from Dingzhou, [[Fujian|Province of Fujian]] to Beihai during [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] dynasties.

=== [[Min Chinese|Min Language]] ===
*Leizhou-Hainan Min
**'''[[Leizhou Min]]'''<br>({{lang-zh|雷話}}) is rare in Beihai and only used in some villages of Tieshangang and [[Weizhou Island]] (the mother tongue for about 15% islanders). The speakers are descendants of Immigrants from Leizhou. Weizhou Island was governed by District of Leizhou, then was transferred to Hepu (including nowaday Beihai).
**'''Bomei Language'''<br>({{lang-zh|波美話}}) is a dialect of [[Min Chinese|Min language]], only spoken by very small people living around [[Beihai Fucheng Airport]]. The speakers are mostly descendants of the Immigrants from [[Dianbai District|Dianbai]].
*[[Eastern Min]]
**'''Army Language'''<br>({{lang-zh|军話}}) is a dialect of Eastern Min, spoken in Village of Yongan, East of Hepu, which was a historical military zone in ancient China. The language as literally was brought by army from Province of [[Fujian]].

=== Others ===
[[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] is of increasing prevalence as a result of the Chinese government's general promotion of it.

==Transportation==

===Air transportation===
Beihai is served by [[Beihai Fucheng Airport]] ('''BHY'''). It serves domestic destinations and also [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]].

===Rail===
Beihai is served by a railway branch from [[Nanning]]. There are passenger trains to [[Nanning]] and [[Guilin]].<ref>[http://qq.ip138.com/train/guangxi/beihai.htm Beihai train schedule] {{in lang|zh}}</ref> At the end of 2013, the introduction of high-speed (D-series) train service to Beihai was announced as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.huochepiao.com/2013-12/2013123115273578.htm |script-title=zh:广西再开通运营9对动车组 陈武宣布高铁开通 |website=huochepiao.com |date=2013-12-31 |access-date=2014-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129030842/http://news.huochepiao.com/2013-12/2013123115273578.htm |archive-date=2014-11-29 |url-status=dead }} (Guangxi opens new [[China Railway High-speed|CRH]] service, with 9 pairs of train a day. Chen Wu announces the opening of high-speed service), 2013-12-31</ref>

=== Road ===

* [[China National Highway 209]]
* [[China National Highway 325]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==

* {{Official website}}
{{Wikivoyage}}

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