Editing Benjamin Hoadly

{{Short description|English bishop (1676–1761); instigator of the Bangorian controversy}}
{{for|his son, the English physician and dramatist|Benjamin Hoadly (physician)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Reverend]]
| name             = Benjamin Hoadly
| honorific-suffix = 
| title            = [[Bishop of Winchester]]
| image            = Benjamin Hoadly by Sarah Hoadly.jpg
| image_size       = 
| alt              = 
| caption          = Benjamin Hoadly, painted by [[Sarah Hoadly]]
| diocese          = [[Diocese of Winchester]]
| term             = 1734–1761 (died)
| predecessor      = [[Richard Willis (bishop)|Richard Willis]]
| successor        = [[John Thomas (Bishop of Winchester)|John Thomas]]
| other_post       = [[Bishop of Bangor]] (1716<!--not 1715, see confirmation of election source-->–1721)<br />[[Bishop of Hereford]] (6 October 1721 {elected}
<ref>{{CCEd |type=appointment |id=215247 |name=Hoadly, Benjamin |location=Hereford |accessed=19 September 2014 }}</ref>–1723)<br />[[Bishop of Salisbury]] (9 December 1723 {translation}–1734)<br />Prelate of [[Order of the Garter|the Garter]] ({{circa|1734–1761}})
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1676|11|14|df=y}}
| birth_place      = [[Westerham]], [[Kent]], [[England]]<ref name="ODNB" />
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1761|4|17|1676|11|14|df=y}}
| death_place      = [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[Middlesex]], [[Great Britain]]<ref name="ODNB" />
| buried           = [[Winchester Cathedral]]<ref name="ACAD" />
| nationality      = [[British people|British]] (formerly [[English people|English]])
| religion         = [[Anglicanism|Anglican]]
| residence        = [[Winchester House, Chelsea]] (official; at death)<ref name="ACAD" />
| parents          = [[Samuel Hoadly]] &amp; Martha Hoadly (née Pickering)<ref name="ODNB" />
| spouse           = 1. [[Sarah Hoadly]] (née Curtis; 30 May 1701 {married}–11 January 1743 {she died})<br />2. Mary Hoadly (née Newey; 23 July 1745 {married}–17 April 1761 (he died))<ref name="ODNB" />
| children         = [[John Hoadly (playwright)|John Hoadly]], four other sons (plus two stillborn; all with Sarah)<ref name="ODNB" />
| occupation       = 
| profession       = [[lecturer]]
| education        = 
| alma_mater       = [[St Catharine's College, Cambridge]]
}}{{Ordination
| date of diaconal ordination = 18 December 1698
| place of diaconal ordination = [[St Paul's Cathedral]]
| ordained deacon by   = [[Henry Compton (bishop)|Henry Compton]], [[Bishop of London]]
| date of priestly ordination = 22 December 1700
| place of priestly ordination = St Paul's
| ordained priest by   = Compton
| date of consecration = {{circa|1716}}
| place of consecration =
| consecrated by       =
| co-consecrators      =
| bishop 1             =
| consecration date 1  =
| sources              = <ref name="ODNB" /><ref name="ACAD" /><ref>{{CCEd |type=ordination |id=98558 |name=Hoadly, Benjamin |accessed=19 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{CCEd |type=ordination |id=98738 |name=Hoadly, Benjamin |accessed=19 September 2014 }}</ref>
}}

'''Benjamin Hoadly''' (14 November 1676{{snd}}17 April 1761) was an [[England|English]] clergyman, who was successively [[Bishop of Bangor]], [[Bishop of Hereford|of Hereford]], [[Bishop of Salisbury|of Salisbury]], and finally [[Bishop of Winchester|of Winchester]]. He is best known as the initiator of the [[Bangorian Controversy]].

==Life==
He was educated at [[St Catharine's College, Cambridge]] and ordained a priest in 1700.<ref name="ACAD">{{acad|id=HDLY691B|name=Hoadly, Benjamin}}</ref> He was rector of [[St Peter le Poer|St Peter-le-Poer]], [[London]], from 1704 to 1724, and of St Leonard's, Streatham, from 1710 to 1723.<ref>List of Rectors of St Leonard's: http://www.stleonard-streatham.org.uk/rector.html</ref> His participation in controversy began at the beginning of his career, when he advocated conformity of the religious rites from the [[Church of Scotland|Scottish]] and [[Church of England|English]] churches for the sake of union. He became a leader of the [[low church]] and found favour with the [[British Whig Party|Whig]] party.

He battled with [[Francis Atterbury]], who was the spokesman for the [[high church]] group and [[Tory (political faction)|Tory]] leader on the subject of passive obedience and non-resistance (i.e. obedience of divines that would not involve swearing allegiance or changing their eucharistic rites but would also not involve denunciation of the [[Established Church]] practices). The [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]], dominated by Whigs, recommended him to [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]], and he became rector of [[Streatham]] in 1710. When [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] succeeded to the throne, he became chaplain to the King and made bishop of Bangor in 1716. He took up the See on the [[confirmation of bishops|confirmation]] of his [[canonical election|election]], at [[St&nbsp;Mary-le-Bow]] on 17 March 1716.<ref>''Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae or a calendar of the principal ecclesiastical dignitaries in England and Wales, and of the chief officers in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge...'' 1066–1857 edited by Joyce M. Horn as archived at [[WikiSource]] ([https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Fasti_ecclesiae_Anglicanae_Vol.1_body_of_work.djvu/149 p.&nbsp;107])</ref>

In 1717, his sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" provoked the Bangorian controversy.<ref name="ODNB">{{Cite ODNB|id=13375|title=Hoadly, Benjamin}}</ref> He was then translated three more times, taking up different bishoprics. He maintained that the [[eucharist]] was purely a commemorative act without any divine intervention. During his time as bishop, he rarely visited his dioceses and lived, instead, in London, where he was very active in politics.

From later summer 1722 to January 1725 Hoadly published letters on contemporary topics, articulating his Whig principles and defending the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688.<ref>Reed Browning, ‘Benjamin Hoadly, the Court Whig as Controversialist’, ''Political and Constitutional Ideas of the Court Whigs'' (Louisiana State University Press, 1982) p. 69.</ref> The Revolution had created "''that Limited Form of Government'' which is our only Security" and such a government secured freedom of expression, without which Britons would suffer "all the ''Mischiefs'', of ''Darkness'' in the ''Intellectual'' World, of ''Baseness'' in the ''Moral'' World, and of ''Slavery'' in the ''Political'' World".<ref>Browning, pp. 69–70.</ref> Hoadly also criticised the [[James Francis Edward Stuart|Pretender]], who issued a declaration that he would extinguish opposition. Hoadly wrote that he would impose uniformity on all if he ruled: "Not only that he ''must'' destroy your ''Civil'' and ''Religious'' Rights, but that he plainly before-hand has here ''told'' You, ''to your Face'', He will do so".<ref>Browning, pp. 71–72.</ref>

[[William Hogarth]] (1697–1764) painted his portrait as Bishop of Winchester and "Prelate of the Most Noble [[Order of the Garter]]" about 1743, etched by [[Bernard Baron]] (1696–1762). Hoadly's son [[Benjamin Hoadly (physician)|Benjamin]] aided Hogarth with his ''[[The Analysis of Beauty]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Nichols|title=Biographical Anecdotes of William Hogarth: With a Catalogue of His Works Chronologically Arranged; and Occasional Remarks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UucDZXpSQLIC&pg=PA51|access-date=2 July 2013|year=1785|publisher=John Nichols|page=51}}</ref>

==Selected works==
*''A Defence of the Reasonableness of Conformity'' (1707)
*''A Plain Account of the Nature and End of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper'' (1735)
*''The Repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts'' (1736)

==Bibliography==

*Guglielmo Sanna, Religione e vita publica nell' Inghilterra del '700: Le avventure di Benjamin Hoadly, Milan, FrancoAngeli Storia, 2012

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* William Gibson: ''Enlightenment Prelate: Benjamin Hoadly, 1676–1761.'' Cambridge 2004, {{ISBN|978-0-227-67978-4}}.
{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|en}}
{{s-bef|before=[[John Evans (bishop)|John Evans]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Bangor]]|years=1716–1721}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Richard Reynolds (bishop)|Richard Reynolds]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Philip Bisse]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Hereford]]|years=1721–1723}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Henry Egerton]]}}
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Richard Willis (bishop)|Richard Willis]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Salisbury]]|years=1723–1734}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Sherlock]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Winchester]]|years=1734–1761}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Thomas (bishop of Winchester)|John Thomas]]}}
{{s-end}}

==External links==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Hoadly, Benjamin|volume=13|page=542}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hutchinson |first1=John |title=Men of Kent and Kentishmen |date=1892 |publisher=Cross & Jackman |location=Canterbury |pages=72–74 |edition=Subscription  |chapter=[[s:Men of Kent and Kentishmen/Benjamin Hoadly|Benjamin Hoadly]]}}

{{Bishops of Salisbury}}
{{Chancellors of the Order of the Garter}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoadly, Benjamin}}
[[Category:1676 births]]
[[Category:1761 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Church of England bishops]]
[[Category:Alumni of St Catharine's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Bishops of Bangor]]
[[Category:Bishops of Hereford]]
[[Category:Bishops of Salisbury]]
[[Category:Bishops of Winchester]]
[[Category:English theologians]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the Order of the Garter]]
[[Category:18th-century Welsh Anglican bishops]]
[[Category:17th-century Anglican theologians]]
[[Category:18th-century Anglican theologians]]