Editing Bigfin squid

{{short description|Genus (Magnapinna) of Cephalopoda}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Distinguish|Bigfin reef squid}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Bigfin squid
| image = LongArmSquid.jpg
| image_caption = A bigfin squid filmed in 2001,<br />possibly an adult ''Magnapinna'' sp.
| parent_authority = [[Michael Vecchione|Vecchione]] & [[Richard E. Young|Young]], 1998
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Magnapinna
| authority = [[Michael Vecchione|Vecchione]] & [[Richard E. Young|Young]], 1998<ref name = WoRMS>{{cite web |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=341442 |title=''Magnapinna'' Vecchione & Young, 1998 |access-date=9 March 2018 |publisher=[[Flanders Marine Institute]] |year=2016 |first=Julian|last=Finn |work=[[World Register of Marine Species]]}}</ref>
| type_species = ''Magnapinna pacifica''
| type_species_authority = Vecchione & Young, 1998
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = *''[[Magnapinna atlantica]]'' <small>Vecchione & Young, 2006</small>
*''[[Magnapinna pacifica]]'' <small>Vecchione & Young, 1998</small>
*''[[Magnapinna talismani]]'' <small>({{ill|Pierre Marie Henri Fischer|lt=Fischer|qid=Q21338146|s=1|v=sup}} & [[Louis Joubin|Joubin]], 1907)</small>
*[[Magnapinna sp. B|''Magnapinna'' sp. B]]
*[[Magnapinna sp. C|''Magnapinna'' sp. C]]
}}

'''Bigfin squids''' are a group of rarely seen [[cephalopod]]s with a distinctive [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]]. They are placed in the [[genus]] '''''Magnapinna''''' and [[family (biology)|family]] '''Magnapinnidae'''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://eol.org/pages/3020457 |title=Magnapinna Vecchione & Young 1998 - Encyclopedia of Life |website=eol.org |access-date=2019-03-24}}</ref> Although the family was described only from larval, [[paralarva]]l, and juvenile specimens, numerous video observations of much larger squid with similar morphology are assumed to be adult specimens of the same family.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last1=Vecchione |first1=Michael |last2=Young |first2=Richard E. |date=29 August 2016 |title=Magnapinna |url=http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Magnapinnidae |access-date=5 April 2023 |website=Tree of Life Web Project}}</ref>

The arms and tentacles of the squid are both extremely long, estimated at {{convert|4|to|8|m|ft|abbr=on}}. These appendages are held perpendicular to the body, creating "elbows". How the squid feeds is yet to be discovered.<ref name="Osterhage2020">{{Cite journal |title=Multiple observations of Bigfin Squid (Magnapinna sp.) in the Great Australian Bight reveal distribution patterns, morphological characteristics, and rarely seen behaviour |first1=Deborah |last1=Osterhage |first2=Hugh |last2=MacIntosh |first3=Franziska |last3=Althaus |first4=Andrew |last4=Ross |date=November 11, 2020 |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=15 |issue=11 |pages=e0241066 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0241066 |pmid=33175888 |pmc=7657483 |bibcode=2020PLoSO..1541066O |doi-access=free}}</ref>

''Magnapinna'' is thought to be the deepest-occurring squid genus, with sightings as deep as {{Convert|6212|m|ft}} below the surface, making it the only squid known to inhabit the [[hadal zone]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Jamieson |first1=Alan J. |last2=Vecchione |first2=Michael |date=2021-12-02 |title=Hadal cephalopods: first squid observation (Oegopsida, Magnapinnidae, Magnapinna sp.) and new records of finned octopods (Cirrata) at depths > 6000 m in the Philippine Trench |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03993-x |journal=Marine Biology |language=en |volume=169 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.1007/s00227-021-03993-x |s2cid=244857743 |issn=1432-1793}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Specktor |first=Brandon |date=2022-01-18 |title=World's deepest-dwelling squid spotted 20,000 feet under the sea |url=https://www.livescience.com/worlds-deepest-squid-philippine-trench |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=livescience.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
''Magnapinna'' is the [[sister group]] to ''[[Joubiniteuthis portieri|Joubiniteuthis]]'', another little-known deep-sea squid with an unusual body plan and long arms. Both ''Magnapinna'' and ''Joubiniteuthis'' are [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]] genera within their own families, Magnapinnidae and Joubiniteuthidae respectively. They are also closely related to the "whip-lash squid" in the families [[Chiroteuthidae]] and [[Whip-lash squid|Mastigoteuthidae]].''<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Fernández-Álvarez |first1=Fernando Ángel |last2=Taite |first2=Morag |last3=Vecchione |first3=Michael |last4=Villanueva |first4=Roger |last5=Louise |first5=Allcock |title=A phylogenomic look into the systematics of oceanic squids |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/194/4/1212/6377132 |access-date=2023-04-08 |website=academic.oup.com |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab069|doi-access=free |hdl=10261/267184 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>''

== Physical specimens ==

The first record of this family comes from a specimen (''[[Magnapinna talismani]]'') caught off the [[Azores]] on 10 August 1883.<ref name="J&F">{{cite book|last1=Fischer|first1=H.|last2=Joubin|first2=L.|year=1906|title=Expéditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman|language=fr|chapter=Céphalopodes|volume=7|pages=313–353|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/176854#page/7/mode/1up|access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> Due to the damaged nature of the find, little information could be discerned, and it was classified as a [[mastigoteuthid]], first as ''Chiroteuthopsis talismani''<ref name="J&F" /> and later as ''Mastigoteuthis talismani''. In 1956, a similar squid ([[Magnapinna sp. C|''Magnapinna'' sp. C]]) was caught in the South Atlantic, but little was thought of it at the time. The specimen was illustrated in [[Alister Hardy]]'s ''The Open Sea'' (1956), where it was identified as ''Octopodoteuthis sicula''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hardy|first=Alister Clavering|year=1956|title=The Open Sea: Its Natural History|volume=1. The World of Plankton|location=London|publisher=Collins|at=p. 290, fig. 96c|oclc=2680212}}</ref>
[[File:Magnapinna talismani.jpg|left|thumb|A juvenile ''[[Magnapinna talismani]]'', the first known species from the family, with damaged arms]]
During the 1980s, two additional immature specimens were found in the Atlantic ([[Magnapinna atlantica|''Magnapinna'' sp. A]]), and three more were found in the Pacific (''[[Magnapinna pacifica]]''). Researchers [[Michael Vecchione]] and [[Richard E. Young|Richard Young]] were the chief investigators of the finds, and eventually linked them to the two previous specimens, erecting the family Magnapinnidae in 1998, with ''[[Magnapinna pacifica]]'' as the [[type species]].{{sfn|Vecchione|Young|1998|pp=429–437}} Of particular interest was the very large fin size, up to 90% of the mantle length, that was responsible for the animals' common name.

A single specimen of a fifth species, [[Magnapinna sp. B|''Magnapinna'' sp. B]], was collected in 2006. ''Magnapinna'' sp. A was described as ''[[Magnapinna atlantica]]'' in 2006.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Vecchione | first1 = M. | last2 = Young | first2 = R. E. | doi = 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[365:TSFMMC]2.0.CO;2 | title = The squid family Magnapinnidae (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Atlantic Ocean, with a description of a new species |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232668083 | journal = Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington | volume = 119 | issue = 3 | pages = 365–372| year = 2006 | s2cid = 85820632 |access-date = February 13, 2023}}</ref>

The genus was described from two juveniles and [[paralarva]], none of which had developed the characteristic long arm tips. However, they did all have large fins, and were therefore named "magna pinna", meaning "big fin".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Hanlon |first1=Roger T. |title=Octopus, squid & cuttlefish: the worldwide illustrated guide to cephalopods |last2=Allcock |first2=Louise |last3=Vecchione |first3=Michael |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-78240-570-2 |location=Brighton |oclc=1064625063}}</ref>
== Sightings ==
{{see also|List of bigfin squid specimens and sightings}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Bigfin squid May 2001.jpg|thumb|The bigfin squid (possibly ''M. pacifica'') observed north of Hawai'i in 2001, showing the extremely large fins of this specimen<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last1=Vecchione |first1=M. |last2=Young |first2=R. E. |last3=Guerra |first3=A. |last4=Lindsay |first4=D. J. |last5=Clague |first5=D. A. |last6=Bernhard |first6=J. M. |last7=Sager |first7=W. W. |last8=Gonzalez |first8=A. F. |last9=Rocha |first9=F.J. |last10=Segonzac |first10=M. |year=2001 |title=Worldwide observations of remarkable deep-sea squids |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=294 |issue=5551 |pages=2505–2506 |doi=10.1126/science.294.5551.2505 |pmid=11752567 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10261/53756}}</ref> <small>This image has been [[Wikipedia:Files for discussion/2024 August 25|nominated for deletion as a potential copyright violation]].</small>]] -->The presumed adult stage of ''Magnapinna'' is known only from video observations from submersibles and remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs); no physical specimens have yet been collected, leaving their exact identity unknown. These individuals and the collected juvenile specimens share the very large fins and the [[vermiform]] arm tips with no suckers, but the iconic elongated arm tips are known only from observed individuals. Although it has not been directly confirmed whether these squid are the same as the ''Magnapinna'' known from specimens, it is largely accepted that they are members of Magnapinnidae.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Giles |first=Jim |date=2006-02-01 |title=Oil-rig staff get into marine biology |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=439 |issue=7079 |pages=899 |doi=10.1038/439899a |pmid=16495957 |bibcode=2006Natur.439..899G |s2cid=4390859 |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Although observations had been made over a decade earlier, adult bigfin squid only became known to science in 2001, when marine biology student Heather Holston sent footage of what she described as a "21-foot-long squid" to [[Teuthology|teuthologist]] [[Michael Vecchione]]. The footage had been recorded from an ROV in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] in January 2000 at the request of Holston's boyfriend Eric Leveton, who planned on showing it to her. Leveton was a structural engineer aboard the oil-drilling ship ''Millennium Explorer'', who had happened to look into the ROV operation shack when the squid was observed by operators. Although Vecchione initially surmised from Holston's description that the footage might be the first video of a live [[giant squid]] (''Architeuthis dux''), he realized that the video itself portrayed a completely different squid that had no known identity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Institution |first=Smithsonian |title=Cephalopod video: Magnapinna sp. |url=https://www.si.edu/object/yt_H_c1n_cRJNs |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Smithsonian Institution |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Lauren J. |title=Untangling The Long-Armed Mystery Of The Bigfin Squid |url=https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/bigfin-squid-mystery/ |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Science Friday |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ruane |first=Michael E. |date=December 27, 2001 |title=Science Going to Great Depths |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2001/12/27/science-going-to-great-depths/4c39a602-b699-4e4b-969e-13fcdba4b6b9/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Smithsonian |title=Get to Know the Scientist Discovering Deep-Sea Squids |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/national-museum-of-natural-history/2020/10/08/get-know-scientist-discovering-deep-sea-squids/ |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.smithsonianmag.com |language=en}}</ref>
{{Block quote|text=My reaction was to jump out of my chair and start yelling profanities, because I knew it was something really different.|author=Michael Vecchione|source=on the first sighting of an adult bigfin squid<ref name=":3"/>}}
Further discussions with other cephalopod researchers found no leads on the identity of the squid, and it was thus dubbed the "mystery squid" for a portion of time. Analysis by Vecchione ''et al'' of previous footage from submersibles found other video records of bigfin squid, the earliest from 1988. Around the same time, new high-quality footage of a bigfin squid was also recorded off [[Hawaii]] by the [[RV Western Flyer|ROV Tiburon]]. In December 2001, Vecchione ''et al'' published a paper collating these observations; this was also the first paper to identify them as potential members of the Magnapinnidae, which had been named by Vecchione from the juvenile specimens a few years earlier.<ref name=":4">{{cite journal |last1=Vecchione |first1=M. |last2=Young |first2=R. E. |last3=Guerra |first3=A. |last4=Lindsay |first4=D. J. |last5=Clague |first5=D. A. |last6=Bernhard |first6=J. M. |last7=Sager |first7=W. W. |last8=Gonzalez |first8=A. F. |last9=Rocha |first9=F.J. |last10=Segonzac |first10=M. |year=2001 |title=Worldwide observations of remarkable deep-sea squids |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=294 |issue=5551 |pages=2505–2506 |doi=10.1126/science.294.5551.2505 |pmid=11752567 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10261/53756}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-12-21 |title='Mystery' squid delights scientists |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1723595.stm |access-date=2023-06-25}}</ref> Independent of Vecchione's publication, Guerra ''et al'' published a paper the following year analyzing some of the early bigfin squid footage, and also identified them as potential adult magnapinnids.<ref name="Guerra" />

=== Anatomy ===
The specimens in the videos looked very distinct from all previously known squids. Uniquely among [[cephalopod]]s, the arms and tentacles were of the same length and looked identical (similar to extinct [[belemnite]]s). The appendages were also held perpendicular to the body, creating the appearance of strange "elbows". Most remarkable was the length of the elastic tentacles, which has been estimated at up to 15–20 times the mantle length. This trait is caused by filament coiling of the tentacles, a trait that is rare among similar species.<ref name="Osterhage2020" /> Estimates based on video evidence put the total length of the largest specimens at {{cvt|8|m|ft|round=5}} or more, with some estimates up to {{cvt|12|m|ft|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bolstad |first=Kat |date=May 6, 2003 |title=Deep-Sea Cephalopods: An Introduction and Overview |url=http://www.tonmo.com/science/public/deepseacephs.php |magazine=The Octopus News Magazine Online}}</ref> Viewing close-ups of the body and head, it is apparent that the fins are extremely large, being proportionately nearly as big as those of bigfin squid larvae. While they do appear similar to the larvae, no specimens or samples of the adults have been taken. While their exact identity is unknown, all of the discovered specimens can be observed to have a beige color body, translucent fins, near-white tentacles, and dark eyes.<ref name="Osterhage2020" /> These species of squids are mainly identifiable by their long thin arms and specific colors. The squid also have a very unique brachial crown that sets them aside from the rest of other families that are known.{{sfn|Vecchione|Young|1998|pp=429-437}}

=== Feeding behaviour ===
Little is known about the feeding-behaviour of these squids. Scientists have speculated that the bigfin squid feeds by dragging their arms and tentacles along the seafloor and grabbing edible organisms from the floor.<ref name="Hearn" /> Alternatively, they may simply use a trapping technique, waiting passively for prey such as [[zooplankton]]<ref name=":0" /> to bump into their arms<ref name="Hearn" /> (see [[Cephalopod intelligence]]). The diet of the bigfin squid is unknown. However, cephalopods are known to feed on crustaceans, jellyfish, and even other cephalopods.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-06-21 |title=Bigfin Squid (Magnapinna pacifica) |url=https://www.dimensions.com/element/bigfin-squid-magnapinna-pacifica |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=dimensions.com |publisher=NOAA}}</ref>

=== Observation timeline ===
The first visual record of an adult bigfin squid was in September 1988. The crew of the [[submersible]] ''[[Nautile]]'' encountered a bigfin squid off the coast of northern [[Brazil]], {{coord|10|42.91|N|40|53.43|W|name=Bigfin squid (first sighting 1988)}}, at a depth of {{convert|4735|m|ft}}. In July 1992, the ''Nautile'' again encountered these creatures, observing two individuals during a dive off the coast of [[Ghana]] at {{coord|3|40|N|2|30|W|name=Bigfin squid (sighting 1992)}}, first at {{convert|3010|m|ft}} depth, and then again at {{convert|2950|m|ft}}. Both were filmed and photographed.<ref name="Guerra">{{Cite journal | last1 = Guerra | first1 = A. | last2 = González | first2 = A. F. | last3 = Rocha | first3 = F. | last4 = Segonzac | first4 = M. | last5 = Gracia | first5 = J. | title = Observations from submersibles of rare long-arm bathypelagic squids | doi = 10.1080/003648202320205274 | journal = Sarsia: North Atlantic Marine Science | volume = 87 | issue = 2 | pages = 189–192| year = 2002 | s2cid = 83981846 }}</ref> In November 1998, the Japanese crewed submersible ''[[Shinkai 6500]]'' filmed another bigfin squid in the Indian Ocean south of [[Mauritius]], at {{coord|32|45|S|57|13|E|name=Bigfin squid (sighting 1998)}} and {{convert|2340|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vecchione |first1=M. |last2=Young |first2=R. E. |last3=Guerra |first3=A. |last4=Lindsay |first4=D. J. |last5=Clague |first5=D. A. |last6=Bernhard |first6=J. M. |last7=Sager |first7=W. W. |last8=Gonzalez |first8=A. F. |last9=Rocha |first9=F. J. |last10=Segonzac |first10=M. |date=2001-12-21 |title=Worldwide Observations of Remarkable Deep-Sea Squids |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.294.5551.2505 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=294 |issue=5551 |pages=2505 |doi=10.1126/science.294.5551.2505 |pmid=11752567 |hdl=10261/53756 |issn=0036-8075|hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Eric Leveton's video, which was later shared with Vecchione, was taken from the [[remotely operated underwater vehicle]] (ROV) of the oil-drilling ship ''Millennium Explorer'' in January 2000, at [[Mississippi Canyon]] in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] ({{coord|28|37|N|88|00|W|name=Bigfin squid (sighting 2000, Millennium Explorer)}}) at {{convert|2195|m|ft}}, and allowed for a size estimate. By comparison with the visible parts of the ROV, the squid was estimated to measure {{convert|7|m|ft}} with arms fully extended.<ref name=Guerra /> The ''Nautile'' filmed another Indian Ocean specimen at {{coord|19|32|S|65|52|E|name=Bigfin squid (sighting 2000, Atalante)}} and {{convert|2576|m|ft}}, in the area of [[Rodrigues Island]], in May 2000.<ref name=Guerra /> In October 2000, the crewed submersible ''[[DSV Alvin|Alvin]]'' found another bigfin squid at {{convert|1940|m|ft}} in {{ill|Atwater Valley|qid=Q116774648|s=1|v=sup}}, Gulf of Mexico ({{coord|27|34.714|N|88|30.59|W|name=Bigfin squid (sighting 2000, Alvin)}}).

These videos did not receive any media attention; most were brief and fairly blurry. In May 2001, approximately ten minutes of crisp footage of a bigfin squid were acquired by [[RV Western Flyer|ROV ''Tiburon'']], causing a flurry of attention when released.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1723595.stm|title='Mystery' squid delights scientists|website=BBC News|date=December 21, 2001}}</ref> These were taken in the Pacific Ocean north of [[Oʻahu]], [[Hawaii]] ({{coord|21|54|N|158|12|W|name=Bigfin squid (sighting 2001)}}), at {{convert|3380|m|ft}}. This video and the pre-2001 videos (which had not previously received much scientific attention) were documented by Vecchione ''et al'' in a paper that year, and some of the earlier footage was further analyzed by Guerra ''et al'' (2002).<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Guerra" />

On 11 November 2007, a bigfin squid was filmed off [[Perdido (oil platform)|Perdido]], a drilling-site owned by [[Shell Oil Company]], located {{convert|200|smi|km|abbr=out|disp=or}} off [[Houston]], [[Texas]] in the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. The ROV that filmed the squid had originally been sent to retrieve drilling equipment from the seabed, and encountered the squid floating near a well. After being circulated within the oil industry, the footage was shared with [[National Geographic Society|''National Geographic News'']] to have its identity determined, and was released to the public in 2008. This video received significant online attention in the years since its filming.<ref name="Hearn">{{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/11/081124-giant-squid-magnapinna.html |title=Alien-like Squid With "Elbows" Filmed at Drilling Site |last=Hearn |first=Kelly |publisher=National Geographic Society |date=November 24, 2008 |website=National Geographic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228030950/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/11/081124-giant-squid-magnapinna.html |archive-date=December 28, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Encounters with deep-sea creatures {{!}} Shell Global |url=https://www.shell.com/about-us/major-projects/perdido/encounters-with-deep-sea-creatures.html |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.shell.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOD7mYP6SrA |title=Shell Perdido Oil Rig Camera Captures Strange Deep Sea Creature|via=YouTube |access-date=2017-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406081208/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOD7mYP6SrA |archive-date=2017-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Magnapinna sp. - Expl8176.jpg|left|thumb|267x267px|A bigfin squid filmed by ''[[NOAAS Okeanos Explorer|Okeanos Explorer]]'' in 2012]]
Observations of bigfin squid were made in the [[Great Australian Bight]] during towed camera and remote operated vehicle surveys in 2015 and 2017 respectively.<ref name="Osterhage2020" /> In 2018, the first observations of a bigfin squid were made from the Southern Caribbean, off the coast of [[Caribbean region of Colombia|Colombia]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Guerrero-Kommritz |first1=Jurgen |last2=Cantera |first2=Jaime |last3=Puentes |first3=Vladimir |last4=Leon |first4=Jorge |date=2018-04-05 |title=First observations of the bigfin squid Magnapinna sp. in the Colombian Southern Caribbean |url=https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/24170/ |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |language=en |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=e24170 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.6.e24170 |pmid=29765263 |pmc=5948231 |issn=1314-2828 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

In March 2021, during the expedition to document the wreck of the [[USS Johnston (DD-557)|USS Johnston]], the submersible [[DSV Limiting Factor|DSV ''Limiting Factor'']] recorded footage of a juvenile bigfin squid from the [[Philippine Trench]] at a depth of {{Convert|6212|m|ft}}. This is the deepest observation of any squid, and rivalled only by some unidentified [[Cirrina|cirrate]] octopods from the same habitat as the deepest observation of any cephalopod. This makes ''Magnapinna'' the first squid known to inhabit the [[hadal zone]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5" />

On 9 November 2021, a video of a bigfin squid was captured at a ridge feature off the [[Florida Platform#Structure|West Florida Escarpment]] by an ROV from the [[NOAAS Okeanos Explorer|NOAAS ''Okeanos Explorer'']] as part of the Windows to the Deep 2021 expedition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/bigfin-squid-noaa-deep-ocean-exploration-1648298 |title='Ghostly' Deep-Sea Bigfin Squid Filmed Almost 8,000 Feet below the Ocean Surface |last=Osborne |first=Hannah |date=2021-11-11 |website=newsweek.com |publisher=Newsweek |access-date=2021-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex2107/media-resources/bigfin-squid.html |title=Bigfin Squid: Genus Magnapinna |last=NOAA Ocean Exploration, Windows to the Deep 2021 |date=2021-11-09 |website=oceanexplorer.noaa.gov |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=2021-11-12}}</ref> The squid was found at a depth of {{convert|2385|m|ft|abbr=on}}, and its size is currently being measured using paired lasers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex2107/features/bigfin-squid/bigfin-squid.html |title=Bigfin Squid |date=2021-11-15 |website=oceanexplorer.NOAA.gov |publisher=NOAA |access-date=2022-10-28}}</ref>

[[ROV SuBastian]] of [[Schmidt Ocean Institute]] observed a bigfin squid in close proximity to a black smoker-type [[hydrothermal vent]] on 4 April 2023, during the "In Search of Hydrothermal Lost Cities" expedition. The squid was seen at a depth of {{cvt|1931|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schmidt Ocean on Twitter: "Bigfin squid (a group of... |url=https://twitter.com/SchmidtOcean/status/1643362391495720966 |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=ROV SuBastian Samples More Hydrothermal Vents at Puy Des Folles {{!}} SOI Divestream 501 | date=4 April 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsSUMHQPaHY |access-date=2023-04-05 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=Massive Bigfin Squid Spotted In Extremely Rare Deep-Sea Sighting |url=https://iflscience.com/massive-bigfin-squid-spotted-in-extremely-rare-deep-sea-sighting-68366 |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=IFLScience |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Cephalopod}}
* {{annotated link|Cephalopod size}}
* {{annotated link|Deep-sea community}}

==References==
{{Reflist|40em}}

===Citations===
*{{cite journal |last1=Vecchione |first1=M. |last2=Young |first2=R. E. |year=1998 |others=Cephalopod Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution |title=The Magnapinnidae, a newly discovered family of oceanic squid (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) |journal=South African Journal of Marine Science |volume=20 |issue=1 |doi=10.2989/025776198784126340 |editor-last1=Payne |editor-first1=A. I. L. |editor-last2=Lipiński |editor-first2=M. R. |editor-last3=Clarke |editor-first3=M. R. |editor-first4=M. A. C. |editor-last4=Roeleveld|doi-access=free }}

==External links==
{{Wikispecies|Magnapinnidae}}
{{Commons category|Magnapinna}}
{{CephBase Genus|Magnapinna}}
* [[Tree of Life Web Project]]: [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Magnapinnidae ''Magnapinna'']<!-- this might be turned into a proper ref -->
* Cephalopods in Action: [http://www.mnh.si.edu/cephs/vetal01/vetal01.html Long-armed squid videos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618002232/http://www.mnh.si.edu/cephs/vetal01/vetal01.html |date=18 June 2010 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAIEWjZv-5M August 2022 Bigfin Squid sighting]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q288222}}

[[Category:Bigfin squid| ]]
[[Category:Cephalopod genera]]
[[Category:Chiroteuthoidea]]
[[Category:Cephalopods described in 1998]]