Editing Bill McKibben

{{short description|American environmentalist and writer}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox writer
|name        = Bill McKibben
|image       = Bill McKibben, 2016 (cropped).jpg
|birth_name  = William Ernest McKibben
|birth_date  = {{birth date and age|1960|12|8}}
|birth_place = [[Palo Alto, California]], U.S.
|death_date  = 
|death_place = 
|education   = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
|spouse      = Sue Halpern
|children    = 1
|awards      = [[Gandhi Peace Award]]<br />[[Right Livelihood Award]]
|website     = {{URL|billmckibben.com|Official website}}
}}
'''William Ernest McKibben''' (born December 8, 1960)<ref name="EnvironmentalEncyclopedia">"Bill Ernest McKibben." ''Environmental Encyclopedia''. Edited by Deirdre S. Blanchfield. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2009. Retrieved via ''Biography in Context'' database, December 31, 2017.</ref> is an American environmentalist, author, and journalist who has written extensively on the impact of [[global warming]]. He is the Schumann Distinguished Scholar at [[Middlebury College]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059 |title=Author and environmentalist Bill McKibben appointed Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College &#124; Middlebury |publisher=Middlebury.edu |date=November 9, 2010 |access-date=2011-05-09| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045657/http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059| archive-date= June 14, 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> and leader of the climate campaign group [[350.org]]. He has authored a dozen books about the environment, including his first, ''[[The End of Nature]]'' (1989), about [[climate change]], and ''[[Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out?]]'' (2019), about the state of the environmental challenges facing humanity and future prospects.<ref>McKibben, Bill (2019).  ''Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out?'' [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Falter/UapbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en Description] & [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Falter/UapbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 arrow/scrollable preview.] Henry Holt and Co.  Retrieved 2022-03-07.</ref>

In 2009, he led 350.org's organization of 5,200 simultaneous demonstrations in 181 countries. In 2010, McKibben and 350.org conceived the [[350.org#Global Work Party|10/10/10 Global Work Party]], which convened more than 7,000 events in 188 countries,<ref>{{cite news|last=Revkin |first=Andrew C. |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/a-global-warming-work-party/ |title=A Global Warming 'Work Party'|work=The New York Times|date=October 10, 2010 |access-date=2011-05-09}}</ref><ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2010/oct/11/10-10-10-climate-action Global Work Party: 10/10/10 day of climate action]". ''The Guardian''. theguardian.com. October&nbsp;11, 2010. Retrieved December&nbsp;31, 2017.</ref> as he had told a large gathering at [[Warren Wilson College]] shortly before the event. In December 2010, 350.org coordinated a planet-scale art project, with many of the 20 works visible from satellites.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/art-on-the-scale-of-the-climate-challenge/ |last=Revkin |first=Andrew C. |title=Art on the Scale of the Climate Challenge |work=The New York Times|date=November 23, 2010 |access-date=2011-05-09}}</ref> In 2011 and 2012 he led the environmental campaign against the proposed [[Keystone Pipeline|Keystone XL pipeline project]]<ref>{{cite news| last=Moran |first=Barbara |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/01/22/bill-mckibben-man-who-crushed-keystone-pipeline/HkXTD01Z6bXLvibbf8piGK/story.html|date=January 22, 2012 | work=The Boston Globe | title=The man who crushed the Keystone XL pipeline |access-date=December 31, 2017}}</ref> and spent three days in jail in [[Washington, D.C.]] Two weeks later he was inducted into the literature section of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref name="burlingtonfreepress.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20110823/NEWS02/110822034/McKibben-out-jail-encourages-more-protests |last=Remsen |first=Remsen |date=August 23, 2011 |title=McKibben out of jail; encourages more protests |access-date=2012-02-22 |newspaper=Burlington Free Press |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721215928/http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/article/20110823/NEWS02/110822034/McKibben-out-jail-encourages-more-protests |archive-date=July 21, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

He was awarded the [[Gandhi Peace Award]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pepeace.org/2013gpa |title=Bill McKibben 2013 Gandhi Peace Award Laureate |date=April 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927052127/http://www.pepeace.org/2013gpa |archive-date=September 27, 2013|publisher=Promoting Enduring Peace. pepeace.org }}</ref> ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' magazine named him to its inaugural list<ref name=affair>{{cite news |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/30/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=full |title=The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers |work=Foreign Policy |date=December 2009|access-date=December 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203115554/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/30/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=full|archive-date=December 3, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> of the 100 most important global thinkers in 2009 and MSN named him one of the dozen most influential men of 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lifestyle.msn.com/your-life/bigger-picture/staticslideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=22815182|title=MSN Lifestyle's Most Influential Men of 2009|publisher=MSN|access-date=2011-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216210547/http://lifestyle.msn.com/your-life/bigger-picture/staticslideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=22815182|archive-date=December 16, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2010, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' called him "probably the nation's leading environmentalist"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2010/05/30/facing_cold_hard_truths_about_global_warming/ |title=Facing cold, hard truths about global warming |work=The Boston Globe|date=May 30, 2010 |access-date=2011-05-09 |first=Anis |last=Shivani}}</ref> and [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']] magazine book reviewer Bryan Walsh described him as "the world's best green journalist".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1982309,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423023706/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1982309,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 23, 2010 |title=The Skimmer|first=Bryan|last=Walsh|magazine=Time|date=April 26, 2010 |access-date=2011-05-09}}</ref> In 2014, he was awarded the [[Right Livelihood Award]] for "mobilizing growing popular support in the USA and around the world for strong action to counter the threat of global climate change."<ref name=rla/> He has been mentioned as a possible future [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]] or [[United States Secretary of Energy|Secretary of Energy]] should a [[progressivism in the United States|progressive]] be elected [[President of the United States|President]].<ref name="currentaffairs.org">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Aidan |title=What Would A Left Cabinet Look Like? |url=https://www.currentaffairs.org/news/2019/04/what-would-a-left-cabinet-look-like |website=Current Affairs |access-date=24 March 2020 |date=10 April 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
Bill McKibben was born in [[Palo Alto, California]].<ref name="EnvironmentalEncyclopedia"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/People/bill_mckibben.html|title=Bill McKibben |publisher=Library.thinkquest.org|access-date=December 31, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404072223/http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/People/bill_mckibben.html|archive-date=April 4, 2005}}</ref> His family later moved to the Boston suburb of [[Lexington, Massachusetts]], where he attended high school.{{sfn|Nisbet|2013|p=25}} His father, who once, in 1971, had been arrested during a protest in support of Vietnam veterans against the war, wrote for ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek|Business Week]]'', before becoming business editor at ''The Boston Globe'', in 1980.{{sfn|Nisbet|2013|p=25}} As a high school student, McKibben wrote for the local paper and participated in statewide debate competitions.{{sfn|Nisbet|2013|p=25}} Entering [[Harvard College]] in 1978, he became an editor of ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]'' and was chosen president of the paper for the calendar year 1981.<ref>{{cite news|title=William E. McKibben|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/6/4/william-e-mckibben-a-commentator-on/|first=Christian B. |last=Flow|newspaper=The Harvard Crimson|date=June 4, 2007|access-date=April 28, 2016}}</ref>

In 1980, following [[1980 United States presidential election|the election]] of [[Ronald Reagan]], he determined to dedicate his life to the environmental cause.{{sfn|Nisbet|2013|p=26}}

Graduating in 1982, he worked for five years for ''[[The New Yorker]]'' as a staff writer, writing much of the ''Talk of the Town'' column from 1982 to early 1987. Inspired by the [[Gospel of Matthew]], he became an advocate of [[nonviolent resistance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://highprofiles.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/McKibben-interview.pdf |title=Time We Started Counting! |date=June 2, 2016 |website=High Profiles |access-date= September 11, 2022}}</ref> While doing a story on the homeless, he lived on the streets; there, he met his wife, Sue Halpern, who was working as a homeless advocate. In 1987, McKibben quit ''The New Yorker'' after longtime editor [[William Shawn]] was forced out of his job.{{sfn|Nisbet|2013|p=26}} He and his family shortly after moved to a remote spot in the [[Adirondack Mountains|Southeastern Adirondacks]] of upstate New York, where he began to work as a freelance writer.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Terrie|first1=Philip|date=May 2008 |title=The Bill McKibben Reader|url=https://www.adirondackexplorer.org/book_reviews/the-bill-mckibben-reader|publisher=Adirondack Explorer|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>

==Writing==
McKibben began his freelance writing career at about the same time that climate change appeared on the public agenda following the hot summer and [[Yellowstone fires of 1988|fires of 1988]] and testimony by [[James Hansen]] before the [[United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources]] in June of that year.<ref>{{cite news 
|title= Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate
|first= Philip 
|last=Shabecoff
|url= https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html
|newspaper=The New York Times |date= June 24, 1988 
|access-date= August 1, 2012 | quote = ...&nbsp;Dr. James E. Hansen of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration told a Congressional committee that it was 99 percent certain that the warming trend was not a natural variation but was caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide and other artificial gases in the atmosphere.
}}</ref> His first contribution to the debate was a brief list of literature on the subject and commentary published December 1988 in ''[[The New York Review of Books]] ''and a question, "Is the World Getting Hotter?"<ref name=NYRB12888>{{cite news|title=Is the World Getting Hotter?|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1988/12/08/is-the-world-getting-hotter/?pagination=false |access-date=March 9, 2013|newspaper=The New York Review of Books|date=December 8, 1988|first=Bill |last=McKibben}}</ref>{{sfn|Nisbet|2013|p=27–28}}

He became and remains a frequent contributor to various publications, including ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Atlantic]]'', ''[[Harper's]]'', ''[[Orion (magazine)|Orion]]'', ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'', ''[[The American Prospect]]'', ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', ''[[Granta]]'', ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'', ''[[Rolling Stone]]'', ''[[Adbusters]],'' and ''[[Outside (magazine)|Outside]]''. He is also a board member at and contributor to ''[[Grist (magazine)|Grist]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Bill McKibben, Author at Grist |magazine=[[Grist]] |url=https://grist.org/author/bill-mckibben/ |access-date=May 1, 2025}}</ref>

His first book, ''[[The End of Nature]]'', was published in 1989 by [[Random House]] after being serialized in ''The New Yorker''. Described by Ray Murphy of the ''Boston Globe'' as a "righteous jeremiad," the book excited much critical comment, pro and con; was for many people their first introduction to the question of climate change;<ref name=star>Aulakh, Raveena (July 5, 2015). "Gentle climate warrior turns up the heat". ''Toronto Star''.</ref> and the inspiration for a great deal of writing and publishing by others.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nature's Prophet: Bill McKibben as Journalist, Public Intellectual and Activist|url=https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/D-78-Nisbet1.pdf|work=Discussion Paper Series #D-78|publisher=Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, School of Communication and the Center for Social Media, American University|access-date=March 8, 2013|first=Matthew C. |last=Nisbet|pages=30–33|date=March 2013}}</ref> It has been printed in more than 20 languages. Several editions have come out in the United States, including an updated version published in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |title=The End of Nature |url=https://books.google.bj/books?id=q0aM5t5GMpsC&hl=en&lr=&num=20 |publisher=[[Google Books]] |access-date=May 1, 2025}}</ref>

In 1992, ''The Age of Missing Information'' was published. It is an account of an experiment in which McKibben collected everything that came across the 100 channels of [[cable TV]] on the [[Fairfax, Virginia]], system (at the time among the nation's largest) for a single day. He spent a year watching the 2,400 hours of programming, and then compared it to a day spent on the mountaintop near his home. This book has been widely used in colleges and high schools and was reissued in a new edition in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Age of Missing Information|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1992/05/01/age-missing-information|website=Entertainment. ew.com|date=May 1, 1992 |access-date=April 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Huth|first1=Tom|date=May 3, 1992 |title=Being There: ''The Age of Missing Information'', by Bill McKibben |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-03-bk-2023-story.html|website=Los Angeles Times. latimes.com|access-date=April 27, 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Bill McKibben (24541793126).jpg|thumb|McKibben speaking at a [[Bernie Sanders]] campaign rally at [[Southern New Hampshire University]] in January 2016]]
Subsequent books include ''Hope, Human and Wild'', about [[Curitiba, Brazil]], and [[Kerala, India]], which he cites as examples of people living more lightly on the earth; ''The Comforting Whirlwind: God, Job, and the Scale of Creation'', which is about the [[Book of Job]] and the environment; ''Maybe One'', about human population; ''Long Distance: A Year of Living Strenuously'', about a year spent training for endurance events at an elite level; and ''Enough'', about what he sees as the existential dangers of genetic engineering and nanotechnology. Speaking about ''Long Distance'' at the Cambridge Forum, McKibben cited the work of [[Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi]] and Csikszentmihalyi's idea of "[[Flow (psychology)|flow]]" relative to feelings McKibben had had—"taking a break from saving the world", he joked—as he immersed himself in [[cross-country skiing (sport)|cross-country skiing]] competitions.<ref>[http://www.mpbn.net/ProgramsSchedules/RadioSchedule/122PMPublicAffairs/tabid/189/Default.aspx "Cambridge Forum"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121032722/http://www.mpbn.net/ProgramsSchedules/RadioSchedule/122PMPublicAffairs/tabid/189/Default.aspx |date=November 21, 2011 }}, via [[Maine Public Broadcasting Network]] (radio), September 14, 2011 12:30 pm. No transcript, audio archive or original recording date; ''cambridgeforum.org'' non-responsive. Information off the air 2011-09-14.</ref>

''Wandering Home'' is about a long solo hiking trip from his home in the mountains east of [[Lake Champlain]] in [[Ripton, Vermont]], back to his longtime neighborhood in the [[Adirondacks]]. His book ''[[Deep Economy|Deep Economy: the Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future]]'', published in March 2007, was a national bestseller. It addresses what he sees as shortcomings of the growth economy and envisions a transition to more local-scale enterprise.

In fall 2007, he published, with members of his Step It Up team, ''Fight Global Warming Now'', a handbook for activists trying to organize their local communities. In 2008, came ''The Bill McKibben Reader: Pieces from an Active Life'', a collection of essays spanning his career. Also in 2008, he edited for [[Library of America]] the anthology, ''American Earth: Environmental Writing Since Thoreau''. In 2010, he published another national bestseller, ''[[Eaarth|Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet]]''<!--"Eaarth" is NOT a typo-->, an account of the rapid onset of climate change. It was excerpted in ''[[Scientific American]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Living On a New Earth |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/living-on-a-new-earth/ |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |type=preview only; subscription required |date=April 21, 2010 |access-date=2011-05-09}}</ref>

In 2019, McKibben published ''[[Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out?]]'', which details the growing concerns over [[climate change]], how the [[Koch Brothers]] are contributing to an increase in carbon emissions by funding [[oil companies]], and his concern with [[libertarianism]], which he argues was sparked by the politics of the [[Reagan Revolution]]. He frequently argues that the [[Nordic model]] is preferable to a deregulated capitalist system, and that rapid innovation may come to hurt humanity.

In 2022, he published two books. ''We Are Better Together'' is a picture book for children celebrating the power of human cooperation and the beauty of life on Earth, illustrated by artist Stevie Lewis. ''The Flag, the Cross, and the Station Wagon: A Graying American Looks Back at His Suburban Boyhood and Wonders What the Hell Happened'' is a personal memoir that also digs into America's history to reflect on what has brought us to the present environmental crisis.

Some of McKibben's work has been extremely popular;<ref name="RS71912" />{{sfn|Nisbet|2013|p=17}} an article in ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' in July 2012 received over 125,000 likes on Facebook, 14,000 tweets, and 5,000 comments.<ref name="RS71912">{{cite news|title=Global Warming's Terrifying New Math: Three simple numbers that add up to global catastrophe - and that make clear who the real enemy is|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/global-warmings-terrifying-new-math-20120719|access-date=March 8, 2013|newspaper=Rolling Stone|date=July 19, 2012|first=Bill |last=McKibben}}</ref>{{sfn|Nisbet|2013|p=17}}

McKibben was the guest editor of the 2024 edition of [[The Best American Science and Nature Writing]] anthology.<ref>{{Cite book |first1=Bill |last1=McKibben |first2=Jaime |last2=Green |title=The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2024 |location=New York |publisher=Mariner Books |isbn=9780063333994}}</ref>

==Environmental campaigns==
[[File:Bill McKibben at RIT-3.jpg|thumb|McKibben speaking at [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], November 6, 2008]]

===Step It Up===
'''Step It Up 2007''' was a nationwide [[Environmentalism|environmental]] campaign, organized by McKibben,<ref>{{cite web |last=Goodman |first=Amy |date=October 23, 2007 |website=[[Democracy Now!]] |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2007/10/23/environmental_journalist_bill_mckibben_on_the |title=Environmental Journalist Bill McKibben on the Links Between Global Warming & the California Wildfires}}</ref> to demand action on [[global warming]] by the [[U.S. Congress]].

In late summer 2006 he helped lead a five-day walk across Vermont to call for action on global warming.<ref>{{cite news |last=McKibben |first=Bill |date=September 1, 2016 |newspaper=Seven Days |url=https://www.sevendaysvt.com/news/walk-of-ages-how-a-vermont-march-helped-launch-a-climate-movement-3633748 |title=Walk of Ages: How a Vermont March Helped Launch a Climate Movement}}</ref> Beginning in January 2007, he founded Step It Up 2007, which organized rallies in hundreds of American cities and towns on April 14, 2007, to demand that Congress enact curbs on [[carbon emissions]] by 80 percent by [[2050]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Step It Up: Thousands Gather This Weekend for Largest-Ever Rally Against Global Warming |last1=González |first1=Juan |last2=Goodman |first2=Amy |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2007/4/13/step_it_up_thousands_gather_this |website=[[Democracy Now!]] |date=April 13, 2007}}</ref> The campaign quickly won widespread support from a wide variety of environmental, student, and religious groups.<ref>{{cite web |last=Grohsgal |first=Dov Weinryb |title=Interview with Bill McKibben |publisher=Obama Presidency Oral History |date=June 23, 2021 |url=https://obamaoralhistory.columbia.edu/interviews/bill-mckibben?time=727}}</ref>

In August 2007, McKibben announced Step It Up 2, to take place November 3, 2007. In addition to the 80% by 2050 slogan from the first campaign, the second adds "10% [reduction of emissions] in three years ("Hit the Ground Running"), a moratorium on new coal-fired power plants, and a Green Jobs Corps to help fix homes and businesses so those targets can be met" (called "Green Jobs Now, and No New Coal").<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stepitup2007.org/#letter |title=Step It Up: Index |website=www.stepitup2007.org}}</ref>

===350.org===
{{Main|350.org}}
In the wake of Step It Up's achievements, the same team announced a new campaign in March 2008 called [[350.org]]. The organizing effort, aimed at the entire globe, drew its name from climate scientist [[James E. Hansen]]'s contention earlier that winter that any atmospheric concentration of [[carbon dioxide]] (CO<sub>2</sub>) above 350 parts per million was unsafe. "If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO<sub>2</sub> will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm, but likely less than that." Hansen et al. stated in the Abstract to their paper.<ref>Hansen, J., Mki. Sato, P. Kharecha, [[D. Beerling]], R. Berner, V. Masson-Delmotte, M. Pagani, M. Raymo, D.L. Royer, and J.C. Zachos, 2008: Target atmospheric CO2: Where should humanity aim? Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 2, 217-231, {{doi|10.2174/1874282300802010217}}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090109035802/http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abstracts/2008/Hansen_etal.html]</ref>

350.org, which has offices and organizers in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and South America, attempted to spread that 350 number in advance of international climate meetings in December 2009 in [[Copenhagen]]. It was widely covered in the media.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/science/earth/01treaty.html?hp | work=The New York Times | title=Obama's Backing Raises Hopes for Climate Pact | first=Elisabeth | last=Rosenthal | date=March 1, 2009 | access-date=April 1, 2010}}</ref> On October 24, 2009, it coordinated more than 5,200 demonstrations in 181 countries, and was widely lauded for its creative use of internet tools, with the website Critical Mass declaring that it was "one of the strongest examples of social media optimization the world has ever seen."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://experiencematters.criticalmass.com/tag/350-org/ |title=350.org &#124; experience matters |publisher=Experiencematters.criticalmass.com |date=2009-10-30 |access-date=2011-05-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423111501/http://experiencematters.criticalmass.com/tag/350-org/ |archive-date=April 23, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>  ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' magazine called it "the largest ever global coordinated rally of any kind."<ref name=affair/>

Subsequently, the organization continued its work, with the Global Work Party on 10/10/10 (10 October 2010). As of 2022, McKibben is a senior advisor to 350.0rg and May Boeve is the executive director.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://350.org/team/|title=Meet the 350.org Team|website=350}}</ref>

===Keystone XL===
McKibben is one of the environmentalists against the proposed Canadian-U.S. [[Keystone XL]] pipeline project.<ref name="periodicolaperla.com">[http://www.periodicolaperla.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3557:oposicion-de-keystone-lx-repudia-via-verde&catid=135:actualidad-del-sur&Itemid=423 ''Más presión de Keystone a Vía Verde. (English: Greater pressure from Keystone on Vía Verde.)''] La Perla del Sur. Ponce, Puerto Rico. Published January 19, 2012. Retrieved January 20, 2012.</ref>

===People's Climate March===
[[File:South Bend Voice - 2014 People's Climate March crowd with banner.jpg|thumb|The [[People's Climate March (2014)|People's Climate March 2014]]]]

On May 21, 2014, McKibben published an article on the website of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine (later appearing in the magazine's print issue of June 5), titled "A Call to Arms",<ref name="McKibben">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/a-call-to-arms-an-invitation-to-demand-action-on-climate-change-20140521 |title=A Call to Arms: An Invitation to Demand Action on Climate Change |last=McKibben |first=Bill |date=May 21, 2014 |magazine =Rolling Stone |access-date=2014-08-28}}</ref> which invited readers to a major climate march (later dubbed the [[People's Climate March (2014)|People's Climate March]]) in New York City on the weekend of September 20–21, as part of the [[People's Climate Movement]].<ref group="note">Both dates were mentioned in the article because the actual date of the march was uncertain at the time of publication. After negotiations with New York City authorities, event planners chose Sunday, September 21 as the date.</ref> In the article, McKibben calls climate change "the biggest crisis our civilization has ever faced", and predicts that the march will be "the largest demonstration yet of human resolve in the face of climate change".<ref name="McKibben"/>

On Sunday, July 5, 2015, McKibben led a similar climate march in Toronto, Ontario, with the support of various celebrities.<ref name=star />

=== Third Act ===
In September 2021, McKibben launched [https://thirdact.org/ Third Act], a group and campaign for climate change activists aged 60 or older, hoping to leverage the demographic's free time and accumulated assets for political pressure on government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cotton |first=Emma |date=2021-09-02 |title=Bill McKibben launches 'Third Act' to rally older Americans around climate change |url=http://vtdigger.org/2021/09/02/bill-mckibben-launches-third-act-to-rally-older-americans-around-climate-change/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=VTDigger |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Avenue |first=Next |date=2021-11-05 |title=How Environmentalist Bill McKibben Is Leading The 'Third Act' Climate Change Movement |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nextavenue/2021/11/05/how-environmentalist-bill-mckibben-is-leading-the-third-act-climate-change-movement/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Supporters like [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[Jane Fonda]] promoted the project.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Jessica |date=2021-09-02 |title=Older Adults in Their 'Third Act' Launch New Effort to Save the Planet |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/09/02/older-adults-their-third-act-launch-new-effort-save-planet |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=www.commondreams.org |language=en}}</ref>

===Electoral politics===
During the [[Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016|2016 Democratic presidential primary campaigns]], McKibben served as a political surrogate for Vermont Senator [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Merica|first1=Dan|title=For messages Clinton can't deliver, campaign taps surrogates|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/20/politics/hillary-clinton-demi-lovato-bennie-thompson/index.html|access-date=June 3, 2016|work=CNN|date=January 20, 2016}}</ref> Sanders appointed him to the committee charged with writing the [[Political positions of the Democratic Party|Democratic Party's platform]] for 2016.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gearan`|first1=Anne|title=Sanders wins greater say in Democratic platform; names pro-Palestinian activist|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sanders-scores-platform-concessions-from-democratic-national-committee/2016/05/23/e9ee8330-20fc-11e6-aa84-42391ba52c91_story.html|access-date=June 3, 2016|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 23, 2016}}</ref> After Sanders' defeat by [[Hillary Clinton]], McKibben endorsed her and spoke at their first joint event in [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]].<ref name="Clinton">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/sanders-finally-throws-his-support-behind-clinton/2016/07/12/c170379c-4833-11e6-bdb9-701687974517_story.html |title=Sanders pledges to support Clinton |last=Wagner |first=John |date=July 12, 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post}} The rally began with two Sanders supporters speaking: him and Jim Dean, the leader of Democracy for America, a grassroots group that endorsed Sanders in the primaries....“Secretary Clinton, we wish you Godspeed in the fight that now looms,” McKibben said.</ref> He has been mentioned as a potential future [[Cabinet of the United States|Cabinet]] member should Sanders win the presidency.<ref name="currentaffairs.org"/>

=== Keynotes ===
In 2020, McKibben delivered a keynote at ''2020 Vision: Finding Hope in Climate Action.''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-09|title=Climate justice activist to keynote CEBE convergence|url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2021/03/09/climate-justice-activist-to-keynote-cebe-convergence/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Lewiston Sun Journal}}</ref>

==Views==
In 2016, McKibben wrote in ''The New York Times'' that he is "under surveillance" by "right-wing stalkers" who photograph, pursue, and inquire about him and members of his family in search of ostensible instances of environmental hypocrisy. "I'm being watched", he reported.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/opinion/sunday/embarrassing-photos-of-me-thanks-to-my-right-wing-stalkers.html|title=Opinion {{!}} Embarrassing Photos of Me, Thanks to My Right-Wing Stalkers|last=McKibben|first=Bill|date=2016-08-05|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Two years later, he wrote in the ''Times'' that he had been receiving [[death threat]]s since the 1990s.<ref>{{cite news |last=McKibben |first=Bill |date=20 October 2018 |department=Opinion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/opinion/sunday/lets-agree-not-to-kill-one-another.html |title=Let's Agree Not to Kill One Another |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023020849/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/20/opinion/sunday/lets-agree-not-to-kill-one-another.html |archive-date=2018-10-23 |access-date=2018-10-31}}</ref>

In December 2019, along with 42 other leading cultural figures, McKibben signed a letter endorsing the British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] under [[Jeremy Corbyn]]'s leadership in the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 general election]]. The letter stated that "Labour's election manifesto under Jeremy Corbyn's leadership offers a transformative plan that prioritizes the needs of people and the planet over private profit and the vested interests of a few."<ref name="theguardian1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/03/vote-for-hope-and-a-decent-future|title= Vote for hope and a decent future |work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 December 2019|access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="theguardian2">{{cite news |last=Proctor|first=Kate|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/03/coogan-klein-lead-cultural-figures-backing-corbyn-labour|title=Coogan and Klein lead cultural figures backing Corbyn and Labour|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 December 2019|access-date=4 December 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==
McKibben resides in [[Ripton, Vermont]], with his wife, writer Sue Halpern. Their only child, Sophie, was born in 1993 in [[Glens Falls, New York]]. He is a Schumann Distinguished Scholar at [[Middlebury College]], where he also directs the Middlebury Fellowships in Environmental Journalism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059|title=Author and environmentalist Bill McKibben appointed Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College|date=November 8, 2010|website=middlebury.edu}}</ref> McKibben is also a fellow at the [[Post Carbon Institute]]. He is a longtime [[Methodism|Methodist]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Q&A:Bill McKibben, UM writer/activist|url=http://www.umportal.org/article.asp?id=8583|publisher=United Methodist Portal|access-date=December 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314111230/http://www.umportal.org/article.asp?id=8583|archive-date=14 March 2012}}</ref>

Since 2013, McKibben has been listed on the Advisory Council of the [[National Center for Science Education]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council |title=Advisory Council |website=ncse.com |publisher=[[National Center for Science Education]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810112828/https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council |archive-date=2013-08-10 |access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref>

==Awards==
*McKibben has been awarded both a [[Guggenheim Fellowship]] (1993) and a Lyndhurst Fellowship. 
*He won a [[Lannan Literary Awards#Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction|Lannan Literary Award]] for nonfiction writing in 2000. 
*In 2010, ''[[Utne Reader]]'' magazine listed McKibben as one of the "25 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World."<ref name="utne">{{cite web|title=Bill McKibben: Voice of Reason, Man of Action|date=October 13, 2010 |url=http://www.utne.com/Politics/Utne-Reader-Visionaries-Bill-McKibben-350-Org.aspx|publisher=[[Utne Reader]]|access-date=October 19, 2010}}</ref>
*He has honorary degrees from [[Whittier College]] (2010),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whittier.edu/alumni/poetnation/honorary|title=Honorary Degrees {{!}} Whittier College|website=www.whittier.edu|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> [[Marlboro College]], Colgate University, the State University of New York, [[Sterling College (Vermont)|Sterling College]], [[Green Mountain College]], [[Unity College (Maine)|Unity College]], and [[Lebanon Valley College]].
*He won the [[Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship]] in 2010, for his work with 350.org<ref>[http://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2010/11/09 Cecile Richards and Bill McKibben Announced as Recipients of the 2010 Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship], [[Common Dreams NewsCenter]] November 9, 2010.</ref>
*McKibben was the recipient of the [[Sierra Club |Sierra Club's]] highest honor in 2011, the John Muir Award.<ref>{{cite web|title=Volunteer Award Winners|date=January 28, 2015|url=http://www.sierraclub.org/awards/winners|publisher=Sierra Club|access-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref>
*In 2012, he won the Sam Rose and Julie Walters Prize for Global Environmental Activism at [[Dickinson College]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dickinson.edu/homepage/749/the_sam_rose_58_and_julie_walters_prize_at_dickinson_college_for_global_environmental_activism|title=The Sam Rose '58 and Julie Walters Prize at Dickinson College for Global Environmental Activism|first=Matt|last=Getty|website=www.dickinson.edu}}</ref> accepting the prize, he told the graduating Dickinson students that, in addition to be the greatest problem of their lives, global climate change is the greatest challenge that has ever confronted human society.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dickinson.edu/news/article/409/350_org_founder_bill_mckibben_accepts_inaugural_environmental_prize|title=350.org Founder Bill McKibben Accepts Inaugural Environmental Prize|first=Pat|last=Pohlman|website=www.dickinson.edu}}</ref> 
*In 2013, he won the international environment and development prize [[Sophie Prize]]. 
*McKibben and 350.org were awarded the [[Right Livelihood Award]] in 2014 for mobilizing growing popular support in the United States and around the world for strong action to counter the threat of global climate change".<ref name=rla>{{cite web |url=http://rightlivelihood.org/mckibben.html |title=Bill McKibben / 350.org (USA) |website=Right Livelihood |access-date=2014-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007094643/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/mckibben.html |archive-date=October 7, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
*In 2018, McKibben was awarded the [[John Steinbeck Award]] at [[San Jose State University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill McKIbben |url=http://www.steinbeckaward.com/awardees/bill-mckibben |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=The John Steinbeck Award |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
{{Incomplete list|date=April 2022}}{{bots|deny=Citation bot}}

=== Books ===
* {{cite book |author=McKibben, Bill |title=The End of Nature |location=New York |publisher=Random House |year=1986}}
*''The Age of Missing Information'' (1992) {{ISBN|0-394-58933-5}}, challenges [[Marshall McLuhan]]'s "global village" ideal and claims the standardization of life in electronic media is that of image and not substance, resulting in a loss of meaningful content in society
* ''Hope, Human and Wild: True Stories of Living Lightly on the Earth'' (1995) {{ISBN|0-316-56064-2}}
*''Maybe One: A Personal and Environmental Argument for Single Child Families'' (1998) {{ISBN|0-684-85281-0}}
*''Hundred Dollar Holiday'' (1998) {{ISBN|0-684-85595-X}}
* ''Long Distance: Testing the Limits of Body and Spirit in a Year of Living Strenuously'' (2001) {{ISBN|0-452-28270-5}}
*''Enough: Staying Human in an Engineered Age'' (2003) {{ISBN|0-8050-7096-6}}
*''Wandering Home'' (2005) {{ISBN|0-609-61073-2}}
* ''The Comforting Whirlwind: God, Job, and the Scale of Creation'' (2005) {{ISBN|1-56101-234-3}}
* ''Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future'' (2007) {{ISBN|0-8050-7626-3}}
** Reviewed in [[Tim Flannery]], "We're Living on Corn!" ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'' 54/11 (28 June 2007) : 26–28
* ''Fight Global Warming Now: The Handbook for Taking Action in Your Community'' (2007) {{ISBN|9780805087048}}
* ''The Bill McKibben Reader: Pieces from an Active Life'' (2008) {{ISBN|9780805076271}}
* ''American Earth: Environmental Writing Since Thoreau'' (edited) (2008) {{ISBN|9781598530209}}
* ''[[Eaarth|Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet]]'' (2010) {{ISBN|978-0-8050-9056-7}}
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20111101025055/http://www.orbooks.com/our-books/gwr/ The Global Warming Reader]'' ([[OR Books]], 2011) {{ISBN|978-1-935928-36-2}}
* ''Oil and Honey: The Education of an Unlikely Activist'' (Times Books, 2013) {{ISBN|9780805092844}}<ref group=lower-alpha>{{cite web|url=http://billmckibben.com/oilandhoney.html|title=Oil and Honey: The Education of an Unlikely Activist, by Bill McKibben|website=billmckibben.com}}</ref>
* ''Radio Free Vermont: A Fable of Resistance.'' (Blue Rider Press, 2017) {{ISBN|9780735219861|9781524743727}}
*''[[Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out?]]''. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Falter/UapbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en Description] & [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Falter/UapbDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 arrow/scrollable preview.] (Henry Holt and Co., 2019) {{ISBN|9781250178268}}<ref group=lower-alpha>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/16/713829853/climate-change-is-greatest-challenge-humans-have-ever-faced-author-says|title=Climate Change Is 'Greatest Challenge Humans Have Ever Faced,' Author Says|last=Davies|first=Dave|date=April 16, 2019|website=Fresh Air - NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>
*''We Are Better Together'', (Henry Holt and Co., 2022) ISBN 9781250755155<ref group=lower-alpha>{{Cite book|last=McKibben|first=Bill|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtEuEAAAQBAJ|title=We Are Better Together|date=2022-04-05|publisher=Henry Holt and Company (BYR)|isbn=978-1-250-75515-5|language=en}}</ref>
*''The Flag, the Cross, and the Station Wagon: A Graying American Looks Back at His Suburban Boyhood and Wonders What the Hell Happened'' (Henry Holt and Co., 2022) ISBN 9781250823601<ref group=lower-alpha>{{Cite book|last=McKibben|first=Bill|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnNXEAAAQBAJ|title=The Flag, the Cross, and the Station Wagon: A Graying American Looks Back at His Suburban Boyhood and Wonders What the Hell Happened|date=2022-05-31|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|isbn=978-1-250-82360-1|language=en}}</ref>

=== Essays and reporting ===
* {{cite journal |author=McKibben, Bill |date=January 7, 1985 |title=An American dilemma |department=The Talk of the Town |journal=The New Yorker |volume=60|issue=47 |pages=21}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Renaming of [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Sixth Avenue]] in [[Manhattan]] as 'Avenue of the Americas'.</ref>
* {{cite journal |author=McKibben, Bill |author-mask=1 |date=January 14, 1985 |title=Notes and comment |department=The Talk of the Town |journal=The New Yorker |volume=60|issue=48 |pages=23}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Friend whose prior military rank was inadvertently promoted by [[Geraldine Ferraro]].</ref>
* {{cite journal |author=McKibben, Bill |author-mask=1 |date=January 21, 1985 |title=Flowers |department=The Talk of the Town |journal=The New Yorker |volume=60|issue=48 |pages=28}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Textile designers Leslie Tillett and Brian Goodin.</ref>
* {{cite journal |author=McKibben, Bill |author-mask=1 |date=January 28, 1985 |title=Up front |department=The Talk of the Town |journal=The New Yorker |volume=60|issue=50 |pages=22–23}}<ref group=lower-alpha>[[Rolls-Royce]] grille designer Tony Kent.</ref>
* {{cite journal |author=McKibben, Bill |author-mask=1 |date=October 13, 1986 |title=Commerce |department=The Talk of the Town |journal=The New Yorker |volume=62 |issue=34 |pages=38–39 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1986/10/13/commerce-2 <!--|access-date=2022-04-13-->}}
* {{cite journal |author=McKibben, Bill |author-mask=1 |date=June 29, 2015 |title=Power to the people : why the rise of green energy makes utility companies nervous |department=Annals of Innovation |journal=The New Yorker |volume=91 |issue=18 |pages=30–35 |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/29/power-to-the-people <!--|access-date=2022-10-28-->}}<ref group=lower-alpha>Title in the online table of contents is "Solar power for everyone".</ref>
* {{cite web |author=McKibben, Bill |author-mask=1 |date=2016-08-15 |title=A World at War|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/135684/declare-war-climate-change-mobilize-wwii |publisher=[[The New Republic]]}}
* {{cite web |author=McKibben, Bill |author-mask=1 |date=2022-03-18 |title=In A World on Fire, Stop Burning Things |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/essay/in-a-world-on-fire-stop-burning-things |publisher=[[The New Yorker]]}}
* "Toward a Land of Buses and Bikes" (review of Ben Goldfarb, ''Crossings: How Road Ecology Is Shaping the Future of Our Planet'', Norton, 2023, 370 pp.; and Henry Grabar, ''Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World'', Penguin Press, 2023, 346 pp.), ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXX, no. 15 (5 October 2023), pp.&nbsp;30–32. "Someday in the not impossibly distant future, if we manage to prevent a [[global warming]] catastrophe, you could imagine a post-[[automobile|auto]] world where [[bicycle|bikes]] and [[bus]]es and [[train]]s are ever more important, as seems to be happening in [[Europe]] at the moment." (p.&nbsp;32.)

———————
;Notes
{{reflist|30em|group=lower-alpha}}

== Filmography ==

===Broadcasts===
* {{cite web | date = June 18, 2010 | first = Bill | last = McKibben | title = Point of Inquiry - Our Strange New Eaarth | publisher = [[Point of Inquiry]] | access-date = 2017-01-15 | url = https://pointofinquiry.org/2010/06/bill_mckibben_our_strange_new_eaarth/}}
* {{cite web | date = March 24, 2012 | first = Bill | last = McKibben | title = The rise of public radio in the US | work = Saturday Extra | location = Australia | url = https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/saturdayextra/the-rise-of-public-radio-in-the-us/3908332 | publisher = [[ABC Radio National]] | access-date = 2012-07-14}}
* {{cite web |date=September 21, 2014 |title=Democracy Now! Special 3-Hour Broadcast of the People's Climate March |url=https://www.democracynow.org/live/peoples_climate_march |website=[[Democracy Now!]]}}

=== Documentary film ===

* ''Do The Math'' (2013), 42-minute documentary (written and directed by Kelly Nyks and Jared Scott) on [[fossil fuel phase-out]] and [[fossil fuel divestment]], featuring him<ref>[https://act.350.org/signup/math-movie/?r=US&c=NA The ''Do the Math'' movie], [[350.org]] (page visited on November 13, 2016).</ref><ref>{{IMDb title|tt2853094|Do the Math (2013)}} (page visited on November 13, 2016).</ref>

==See also==
*[[Individual and political action on climate change]]

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist|group=note}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bill McKibben}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [https://www.billmckibben.com/ Official website]
* [https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/bill-mckibben Articles by Bill McKibben] at [[The New Yorker]]
* {{IMDb name|2647339}}
* {{C-SPAN|41406}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125123847/http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/climate-change/stories/eaarth-making-a-life-on-a-tough-new-planet Review of 'Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet'] May 25, 2010 [[Mother Nature Network]]
* [https://science.time.com/2012/03/05/keystone-how-bill-mckibben-turned-a-pipeline-into-an-environmental-rallying-point/ Keystone: How Bill McKibben Turned a Pipeline into an Environmental Rallying Point] March 5, 2012
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130304070508/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-02-28/bill-mckibbens-battle-against-the-keystone-xl-pipeline ''Bill McKibben's Battle Against the Keystone XL Pipeline''] February 28, 2013 [[BusinessWeek]]
* [https://thesingularityfilm.com/ "The Singularity", a documentary film featuring McKibben]
* [https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-16-p843r0qc0z "Focus; The End of Nature"], November 29, 1989, WILL Illinois Public Media, [[American Archive of Public Broadcasting]] (GBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, D.C.
{{Gandhi Peace Award laureates}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:McKibben, Bill}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Methodists]]
[[Category:21st-century Methodists]]
[[Category:American climate activists]]
[[Category:American non-fiction environmental writers]]
[[Category:American United Methodists]]
[[Category:The Harvard Crimson people]]
[[Category:Lexington High School (Massachusetts) alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Middlebury College faculty]]
[[Category:Neo-Luddites]]
[[Category:Writers from Lexington, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Sierra Club awardees]]
[[Category:The New Yorker staff writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Vermont]]