Editing Black Repartition

{{Infobox political party
| name             = Black Repartition
| native_name      = {{Nobold|Чёрный передел}}
| native_name_lang = ru
| logo             = 
| logo_size        = 
| logo_upright     = 
| logo_alt         = 
| caption          = 
| colorcode        = black
| abbreviation     = <!-- official abbreviation or | abbr = -->
| leader           = [[Georgi Plekhanov]]
| president        = 
| chairperson      = <!-- or | chairman = -->
| general_secretary = 
| first_secretary  = 
| secretary_general = 
| presidium        = 
| standing_committee = 
| secretary        = 
| spokesperson     = <!-- or | spokesman = -->
| leader1_title    = 
| leader1_name     = 
| leader2_title    = 
| leader2_name     = 
| leader3_title    = 
| leader3_name     = 
| founder          = <!-- or | founders = -->
| founded          = {{start date|1879|08|}}
| registered       = 
| legalised        = <!-- or | legalized = -->
| dissolved        = {{end date|1881|}}
| merger           = 
| split            = [[Land and Liberty (Russia)|Land and Liberty]]
| predecessor      = 
| merged           = 
| successor        = [[Emancipation of Labour]]
| headquarters     = [[Saint Petersburg]]
| newspaper        = 
| think_tank       = 
| student_wing     = 
| youth_wing       = 
| womens_wing      = 
| wing1_title      = 
| wing1            = 
| wing2_title      = 
| wing2            = 
| membership_year  = 
| membership       = 
| ideology         = [[Narodism]]<br/>[[Social democracy]]
| position         = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| religion         = 
| national         = 
| regional         = <!-- or | regional affiliation = -->
| european         = 
| continental      = <!-- or | continental affiliation = -->
| international    = 
| affiliation1_title = Movement
| affiliation1     = [[Narodniks]]
| affiliation2_title = 
| affiliation2     = 
| colors           = <!-- or | colours = -->
| slogan           = 
| anthem           = 
| blank1_title     = 
| blank1           = 
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| seats1_title     = 
| seats1           = <!-- {{Infobox political party/seats|50|100|hex=#ff0000}} -->
| seats2_title     = 
| seats2           = 
| seats3_title     = 
| seats3           = <!-- up to | seats11_title = --> <!-- up to | seats11 = -->
| symbol           = 
| flag             = 
| flag_title       = 
| flag_alt         = 
| website          = 
| state            = <!-- or | country = -->
| country          = Russia
| country_dab1     = 
| parties_dab1     = 
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}}
'''Black Repartition''' ('''BR'''; {{Langx|ru|Чёрный передел|translit=Chornyi peredel}}; also known as '''Black Partition''')<!-- , Party of Socialists-Federalists --> was a [[revolutionary]] organization in [[Russian Empire|Russia]] in the early 1880s.

Black Repartition was established in August-September 1879 after the split of [[Zemlya i volya]] (Land and Liberty) at the [[Voronezh Congress ]] the previous June. The name comes from the Russian countryside, where rumors circulated among [[peasant]]s about the approaching [[repartition]]. "Chyornyi" in this context does not literally mean "black", but instead "general" or "universal".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=«Чёрный передел» (партия) |trans-title="Black repartition" (party) |url=http://bse.sci-lib.com/article122050.html |encyclopedia=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]] |accessdate=19 June 2020 |language=ru }}</ref>

Originally, the BR members shared the ideas of ''Zemlya i volya'', renounced the necessity of political struggle and were against [[fear|terror]] and [[Conspiracy (political)|conspiracy]] [[tactic (method)|tactics]] of [[Narodnaya Volya (organization)|Narodnaya Volya]]. BR preferred [[Agitprop|propaganda and agitation]] ('agitprop') as their tactics. The organizers of BR’s central body in [[Saint Petersburg]] were [[Georgi Plekhanov]], [[Pavel Akselrod]], [[Osip Aptekman]], [[Lev Deich]], [[Vera Zasulich]] and others. This group organized a [[printer (publisher)|print shop]] and started publishing magazines ''Black repartition'' and ''Core'' (''Зерно'', or Zerno), simultaneously developing ties with students and workers. BR’s [[peripheral]] organs were active in [[Moscow]], [[Kharkov]], [[Kazan]], [[Perm, Russia|Perm]], [[Saratov]], [[Samara, Russia|Samara]] and other cities.

After Plekhanov, Deich, Zasulich and some other BR members had [[emigrate]]d in the beginning of 1880, [[Anatoly Bulanov]], M.Reshko, K.Zagorsky, M.Sheftel and others replaced them as BR’s leaders. They opened a new printing-house in [[Minsk]] and widened their contacts with workers. BR’s central body moved to Moscow.

In the spring of 1880, BR members [[Yelizaveta Kovalskaya]] and [[Nikolai Schedrin]] organized the [[Worker’s Union of Southern Russia]] (''Южнорусский рабочий союз'', or Yuzhnorusskiy rabochiy soyuz), which comprised several hundreds of workers.

By this time, BR’s vision of [[revolution]] had changed in a number of ways.  The arrests in 1880-1881 significantly weakened the organization. Seeing the success of ''Narodnaya Volya'', many BR members ([[Yakov Stefanovich]], Bulanov and others) adopted its [[ideology]]. By the end of 1881, BR ceased to exist as an organization but separate BR clubs continued to operate up until the mid-1880s. Plekhanov, Deich, Zasulich along with other ex-members of BR embraced [[Marxism]] and created the first Russian Marxist organization called [[Emancipation of Labor]] (''Освобождение труда'', or Osvobozhdeniye truda) in [[Geneva]] in 1883.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|url = http://ditext.com/yarmolinsky/yarframe.html |title = Road to Revolution: A Century of Russian Radicalism|access-date = 2 August 2008 |first = Avrahm |last = Yarmolinsky |chapter= 12. The People's Will |year = 1957 |chapter-url=http://ditext.com/yarmolinsky/yar12.html |isbn = 9780691610412| oclc=890439998 |location=[[London]]|publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]]}}
*{{cite book |last= Baron|first= Samuel Haskell |title=Plekhanov : the father of Russian Marxism|url=|year= 1966|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|oclc=22292388}}
*{{cite book|last= Bergman|first= Jay|title= Vera Zasulich. A biography|url= http://www.questia.com/read/24474430/vera-zasulich-a-biography|year= 1983|publisher= [[Stanford University Press]]|isbn= 9780804711562|oclc= 473645659|access-date= 2021-03-27|archive-date= 2016-12-21|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161221092449/https://www.questia.com/read/24474430/vera-zasulich-a-biography|url-status= dead}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1879 establishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1881 disestablishments in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Defunct socialist parties in Russia]]
[[Category:Narodniks]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1879]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1881]]
[[Category:Political parties in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Secret societies in Russia]]