Editing Blida

{{About|the Algerian city||Blida (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name           = Blida
|native_name            = {{lang|ar|البليدة}}  {{in lang|ar}} {{Spaces|2}}
|nicknames               =City of roses, {{lang|ar|مدينة الورود}} 
|settlement_type        =[[City]]
|motto                  =
|image_skyline          =  {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Centre de Blida (Algérie), Place Toute.jpg
| photo2a = Mosquée Ali Ibn Abi Taleb مسجد علي بن ابي طالب - panoramio (2).jpg
| photo2b = Mosquée El Kawthar - Blida.jpg
| photo3a = El Badr جامع البدر - panoramio.jpg
| photo3b = Mosquée El Moudjahid - panoramio.jpg
| size = 280
| spacing = 2
| color = transparent
| border = 0
}}
|image_caption          = Overview of Blida
|image_flag             = 
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             = Blida Coat of Arms (French Algeria).svg
|seal_size              =
|image_map              = DZ - 09-01 - Blida - Wilaya de Blida.svg
|mapsize                = 180px
|map_caption            = Location of Blida, Algeria within [[Blida Province]]
|pushpin_map            = Algeria
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_mapsize        =
|pushpin_map_caption    =
|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       ={{flag|Algeria}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces of Algeria|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      =[[Blida Province]] 
|subdivision_type2      =[[Districts of Algeria|District]]
|subdivision_name2      =[[Blida District]]
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            = 
|established_title      =  
|established_date       = 
|area_magnitude         = 
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2         = 72.1
|area_land_km2          = 
|population_as_of       = 2012
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 182447
|population_metro               = 1167882
|population_density_km2         = auto
|timezone =[[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinates            = {{coord|36|28|07|N|02|49|55|E|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes    = 
|elevation_m            = 260
|elevation_ft           = 
|postal_code_type       = Postal code
|postal_code            = 09000
|area_code              = 901
|blank_name             = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
|blank_info             = [[Mediterranean climate#Hot-summer mediterranean climate|Csa]]
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}
'''Blida''' ({{langx|ar|البليدة|translit=al-bulaydah}}) is a city in [[Algeria]]. It is the capital of [[Blida Province]], and it is located about 45&nbsp;km south-west of [[Algiers]], the national capital.<ref>Alice Cherki and Nadia Benabid, 2006</ref> The name ''Blida'', i.e. ''bulaydah'', is a [[diminutive]] of the Arabic word ''belda'', city.  

==Geography==
Blida is known as the city of roses because of the large number of roses in its gardens.

Blida lies surrounded with orchards and gardens, {{convert|190|m|ft|sigfig=2}} above the sea, at the base of the [[Tell Atlas]], on the southern edge of the fertile [[Mitidja Plain]], and the right bank of the [[Oued el kebir]] outflow from the [[Chiffa]] [[Canyon|gorge]]. The abundant water of this stream provides power for large corn mills and several factories, and also supplies the town with its numerous fountains and irrigated gardens. Within Blida is [[Chréa National Park]], one of the largest national parks in the country and part of the [[Atlas Mountains]]. Blida is surrounded by a wall of considerable extent, pierced by six gates, and is further defended by [[Port Mimieh]], crowning a steep hill on the left bank of the river.<ref name=EB1911/>

The nearby [[Chiffa]] gorge is a habitat of the [[endangered]] [[Barbary macaque]], ''Macaca sylvanus''; the [[habitat]] is one of only a few locations where populations of the primate are found.<ref>C. Michael Hogan, 2008</ref>

[[Image:Sidilkbir.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Sidi Ahmed El-Kebir Tomb.]]

===Climate===
In Blida, there is a Mediterranean climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Csa. The average annual temperature in Blida is {{convert|17.9|°C|1}}. About {{convert|791|mm|2|abbr=on}} of precipitation falls annually.

{{Weather box|location = Blida
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y

|Jan high C = 14.2		
|Feb high C = 15.5
|Mar high C = 17.3
|Apr high C = 19.9
|May high C = 23.3
|Jun high C = 26.8
|Jul high C = 30.9
|Aug high C = 31.7
|Sep high C = 28.2
|Oct high C = 23.3
|Nov high C = 18.5
|Dec high C = 15.3

|Jan low C =  7.0				
|Feb low C =  7.6
|Mar low C =  9.3
|Apr low C =  11.4
|May low C = 14.3
|Jun low C = 17.7
|Jul low C = 21.4
|Aug low C = 22.1
|Sep low C = 20.0
|Oct low C = 15.2
|Nov low C =  10.9
|Dec low C =  8.2

|Jan precipitation mm = 116		
|Feb precipitation mm = 85
|Mar precipitation mm = 92
|Apr precipitation mm = 64
|May precipitation mm = 58
|Jun precipitation mm = 26
|Jul precipitation mm = 2
|Aug precipitation mm = 4
|Sep precipitation mm = 34
|Oct precipitation mm = 66
|Nov precipitation mm = 114
|Dec precipitation mm = 130
|year precipitation mm= 791

|source = {{url|climate-data.org}}
|date=18 January 2018}}

==History==
[[Image:Al-Kawthar Mosque in Blida, Algeria.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Al-kawthar Mosque, Blida]]
No ancient center preceded the city. It was identified with the town of Mitidja in the Middle Ages which was ruined during the Beni Ghania campaigns. The present town was founded by [[Moors]] in the 16th century.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |year=1899 |title=Arab Market, Blida, Algeria |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8785/ |access-date=25 September 2013 |website=[[World Digital Library]] |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927132509/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8785/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The town was rebuilt according to a [[grid plan]] following an earthquake in 1825 on a site about a mile distant from the ruins.<ref name="WDL" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Babo |first=Daniel |title=Algérie |date=2010 |publisher=le Sureau |isbn=978-2-911328-25-1 |series=Des hommes et des lieux |location=Méolans-Revel}}</ref> It numbers among its buildings several mosques and churches, extensive barracks and a large military hospital. The principal square, the place d'Armes, is surrounded by arcaded houses and shaded by trees. The center of a fertile district, and a post on one of the main routes in the country, Blida has a flourishing trade, chiefly in oranges and flour. The orange groves contain over 50,000 trees, and in April the air for miles round is laden with the scent of the orange blossoms. In the public gardens is a group of magnificent olive trees. The products of the neighboring cork trees and cedar groves are a source of revenue to the town.<ref name="WDL" /><ref name="EB1911" /> Sidi Ahmed El-Kebir, Blida's founder, is buried in Sidi El-Kebir (an area named after him). He founded Blida in the 16th century.

A mosque was built by order of [[Hayreddin Barbarossa|Khair-ed-din Barbarossa]], and under the Turks the town was of some importance.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|wstitle=Blida|volume=4|pages=58–59|inline=1}}</ref> It was intricately rebuilt of interconnecting alleyways and streets, and was made accessible through the existing six major gates. The gates were as follows: 
*Bab Er-Rahba
*Bab Ed-Zair
*Bab El-Khouikha
*Bab Es-Sebt
*Bab Ez-Zaouia
*Bab El-Kbour
*Bab El-Kseb

Today those gates no longer exist, but their names are still in use by people in Blida as reference points to locate streets, places, schools and businesses.

In 1867, another earthquake damaged Blida.<ref name="WDL"/>

Blida Province is home to a number of Berber-speaking tribes &towns. The Berbers of Blida are known as Djebailia and have been in the plains of Blida/Matija for thousands of years according to historians such as Ibn khaldoun. The tribes are Beni Salah (Ith salah), Beni Misrah (Ith Misra), Ghalia and many more. They speak Taqbaylit the language of the [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]] which is the Berber language of blida close to the [[Kabyle language|Kabyle]] varieties spoken east of [[Algiers]] Province, It is 95% identical and has traditionally been seen as an intermediate between Kabyle and the [[Chenoua language]] native to the north-eastern part of the country.

== Notable locations ==
[[File:GazeboPlaceToute.jpg|thumb|293x293px|Gazebo at Place Toute]]

* [[Stade Mustapha Tchaker]] in Blida is the current exclusive [[home stadium]] for the [[Algeria national football team]]. This has been the case since it was opened in 2002, Algeria have however also played many of their home games away from Tchaker throughout their history, both in friendly matches and for competitive tournaments.

* Al-Kawthar Mosque is located in the center of the city at the Bin Merah Square, known as the famous square of the Toot in Blida. The mosque is distinguished by its space as it attracts more than 12 thousand worshipers on religious occasions.
* Place Toute is located in the center of Blida located near Bab Es-Sebt, Al-Kawthar Mosque, and the old market. Tourists and locals can enjoy the many cafes, pastry shops, ice cream shops, and other restaurants while their children play in the plaza.

==Notable people==
* [[Sidi Ahmed El-Kebir]] (15th-16th century) — religious man, city founder 
* [[Mhamed Yazid]] (1923–2003) — politician
* [[Mahfoud Nahnah]] (1942–2003) —  politician
* {{illm|Mohamed Baba Ameur|ar|محمد بابا عمر}} (1893–1976) — theologian
* {{illm|Mohamed Bouslimani|ar|محمد بوسليماني}} (1941–1993) — politician
* [[Elissa Rhaïs]] — novelist
* [[Edouard Nieuport]] (1875–1911) — aviation pioneer and manufacturer
* [[:fr:Salah Aougrout|Salah Aougrout]] — comedian
* [[:fr:Farid Khodja|Farid Khodja]] — singer
* [[Rabah Driassa]] — singer & painter
* [[Baya (artist)|Baya]] — artist
* [[Souhila Belbahar|Souhila Bel Bahar]] — painter
* [[Mohamed Bourouissa]] – artist
* [[Frantz Fanon]] — psychiatrist and writer
* [[:fr:Dahmane Ben Achour|Dahmane Ben Achour]] — singer
* [[Ahmed Zahzah]] — footballer

==Notes==
{{Portal|Algeria}}
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{Commons category|Blida }}
* Alice Cherki and Nadia Benabid (2006) ''Frantz Fanon: A Portrait'', Cornell University Press, 255 pages  {{ISBN|0-8014-7308-X}}
* C. Michael Hogan, (2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419033431/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757&lang=us ''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg]

{{Blida Province}}
{{Province seats of Algeria}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Blida| ]]
[[Category:Communes of Blida Province]]
[[Category:Province seats of Algeria]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 16th century]]