Editing Blue Origin

{{Short description|American aerospace company}}
{{redirect-multi|2|BE-1|BE-2|other uses|Be-1 (disambiguation)|and|BE2 (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Blue Origin Enterprises, L.P.
| logo =
| logo_size = 230px
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]
| industry = [[Space industry|Space]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|2000|09|08}}
| founder = [[Jeff Bezos]]
| hq_location_city = [[Kent, Washington]]
| hq_location_country = United States
| num_locations = 11 (4 production facilities & 7 field offices)
| area_served = United States of America
| key_people = [[Dave Limp]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
| products = [[New Shepard]]<br />[[New Glenn]]<br />[[Blue Moon (spacecraft)|Blue Moon]]<br />[[Blue Ring]]<br />[[Orbital Reef]]
| revenue = 
| owner = Jeff Bezos
| num_employees = 11,000 (2023)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-new-glenn-rocket-a328067 |title=Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin Plots Launch of Its Mega Rocket. Next Year. Maybe. |date=August 9, 2023 |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |first=Micah |last=Maidenberg |access-date=August 9, 2023 |archive-date=August 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809121654/https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-new-glenn-rocket-a328067 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| subsid = [[Honeybee Robotics]]
| website = {{url|https://www.blueorigin.com/|blueorigin.com}}
| module = {{infobox network service provider|child=yes}}
}}

'''Blue Origin Enterprises, L.P.''' is an American [[space technology]] company headquartered in [[Kent, Washington]]. The company operates the suborbital [[New Shepard]] rocket and the heavy-lift [[New Glenn]] rocket. In addition to producing engines for its own rockets, Blue Origin supplies engines for other vehicles, including United Launch Alliance's [[Vulcan Centaur]]. It is also working on the [[Blue Moon (spacecraft)|Blue Moon]] human lunar lander for NASA's [[Artemis program]], the [[Blue Ring]] spacecraft platform, and the [[Orbital Reef]] space station in partnership with other organizations.

Founded in 2000 by [[Jeff Bezos]], Blue Origin initially operated with a [[stealth startup|very low profile]], funded by Bezos's private investments. In 2015, the company achieved a significant milestone with the first uncrewed launch and landing of the New Shepard and announced plans for New Glenn. In 2021, New Shepard completed its first crewed mission with Bezos himself on board, crossing the [[Kármán line]], the conventional definition of the edge of space, {{convert|100|km|sp=us}} above sea level. Another key achievement came in January 2023 when the company delivered its first [[BE-4]] rocket engine to United Launch Alliance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erwin |first=Sandra |date=2020-07-02 |title=Blue Origin delivers the first BE-4 engine to United Launch Alliance |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-delivers-the-first-be-4-engine-to-united-launch-alliance/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200704212056/https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-delivers-the-first-be-4-engine-to-united-launch-alliance/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite these milestones, Blue Origin has faced criticism for its perceived slow progress, particularly when compared to [[SpaceX]]. Addressing these challenges, the company underwent a leadership change in September 2023, appointing [[Dave Limp]] as CEO to succeed Bob Smith.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |date=2023-09-25 |title=Jeff Bezos finally got rid of Bob Smith at Blue Origin |url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/09/bob-smith-is-finally-gone-from-blue-origin-his-replacement-comes-from-amazon/?comments-page=1#comments |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-US}}</ref>

On January 16, 2025, Blue Origin reached orbit with the first launch of the New Glenn vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-16 |title=Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin launches massive New Glenn rocket on first test flight |url=https://apnews.com/article/blue-origin-new-glenn-rocket-jeff-bezos-2466fb0e114a09d88a46f71a1e647d50 |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> On April 14, 2025, Blue Origin completed its 11th human spaceflight and its 31st spaceflight for the New Shepard Program with an all-female crew of six.

== History ==
The company was founded in 2000 by [[Jeff Bezos]], the founder of [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff Reporter |date=January 24, 2019 |title=Kent's Blue Origin racks up another successful New Shepard launch into space |url=https://www.kentreporter.com/business/kents-blue-origin-racks-up-another-successful-new-shepard-launch-into-space/ |access-date=October 3, 2020 |website=Kent Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=February 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214003933/https://www.kentreporter.com/business/kents-blue-origin-racks-up-another-successful-new-shepard-launch-into-space/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |date=April 2, 2016 |title=Why Blue Origin's latest launch is a huge deal for cheap space access |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/04/why-blue-origins-latest-launch-is-a-huge-deal-for-cheap-space-access/ |access-date=October 3, 2020 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108090243/https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/04/why-blue-origins-latest-launch-is-a-huge-deal-for-cheap-space-access/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rob Meyerson]] joined the company in 2003 and served as the CEO before leaving the company in 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=November 8, 2018 |title=Former Blue Origin president Rob Meyerson leaves Jeff Bezos' space venture |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/veteran-aerospace-engineer-rob-meyerson-leaves-jeff-bezos-blue-origin-space-venture/ |access-date=March 16, 2023 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301162826/https://www.geekwire.com/2018/veteran-aerospace-engineer-rob-meyerson-leaves-jeff-bezos-blue-origin-space-venture/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bob Smith served as CEO from 2018 to 2023.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/09/bob-smith-is-finally-gone-from-blue-origin-his-replacement-comes-from-amazon/ | title=Jeff Bezos finally got rid of Bob Smith at Blue Origin | date=September 25, 2023 | access-date=December 18, 2023 | archive-date=December 18, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218041208/https://arstechnica.com/space/2023/09/bob-smith-is-finally-gone-from-blue-origin-his-replacement-comes-from-amazon/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The current CEO is Dave Limp.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2023/departing-amazon-exec-dave-limp-will-take-over-from-blue-origin-ceo-bob-smith/|title=Departing Amazon exec Dave Limp to become Blue Origin CEO|date=September 25, 2023|access-date=December 18, 2023|archive-date=December 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218041205/https://www.geekwire.com/2023/departing-amazon-exec-dave-limp-will-take-over-from-blue-origin-ceo-bob-smith/|url-status=live}}</ref> Little is known about the company's activities in its early years. In 2006, the company purchased land for its [[New Shepard]] missions 30 miles north of [[Van Horn, Texas]], United States called [[Corn Ranch|Launch Site One (LS1).]] In November 2006, the first test vehicle was launched, the Goddard rocket, which reached an altitude of 285 feet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NSE |date=March 3, 2023 |title=The History of Blue Origin |url=https://newspaceeconomy.ca/2023/03/03/blue-origin-a-short-history/ |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=New Space Economy |language=en-US |archive-date=May 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521105000/https://newspaceeconomy.ca/2023/03/03/blue-origin-a-short-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

After initiating the development of an orbital rocket system prior to 2012, and stating in 2013 on their website that the first stage would perform a powered vertical landing and be reusable, the company publicly announced their orbital [[launch vehicle]] intentions in September 2015. In January 2016, the company indicated that the new rocket would be many times larger than [[New Shepard]]. The company publicly released the high-level design of the vehicle and announced its name in September 2016 as "[[New Glenn]]". The [[New Glenn]] [[heavy-lift launch vehicle]] can be configured in both [[Two-stage-to-orbit|two-stage]] and [[Three-stage-to-orbit|three-stage]] variants. [[New Glenn]] first successfully launched in January, 2025.<ref name=":7" />

On July 20, 2021, [[New Shepard]] performed its [[Blue Origin NS-16|first crewed mission]] to sub-orbital space called [[Blue Origin NS-16]]. The flight lasted approximately 10 minutes and crossed the [[Kármán line]]. The passengers were [[Jeff Bezos]], his brother [[Mark Bezos]], [[Wally Funk]], and [[Oliver Daemen]], after the unnamed auction winner (later revealed to have been [[Justin Sun]]) dropped out due to a scheduling conflict. Subsequent New Shepard passenger and cargo missions were: [[Blue Origin NS-17]], [[Blue Origin NS-18]], [[Blue Origin NS-19]], [[Blue Origin NS-20]], [[Blue Origin NS-20|Blue Origin NS-21]] and [[Blue Origin NS-23]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Shepard Flight History |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/new-shepard_history.htm |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=space.skyrocket.de |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529231410/https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/new-shepard_history.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company primarily employs an incremental approach from [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|sub-orbital]] to [[orbital flight]],<ref name="A-N1">{{cite news |date=June 3, 2022 |title=Blue Origin NS-21 Mission Nears Launch |publisher=Aero-News Network |url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=853c2364-ee99-4c67-86ef-d9d219416fdf |url-status=live |access-date=December 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216054831/http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=853c2364-ee99-4c67-86ef-d9d219416fdf |archive-date=December 16, 2022}}</ref> with each developmental step building on its prior work. The company moved into the [[orbital spaceflight]] technology [[new product development|development]] business in 2014, initially as a [[rocket engine]] supplier via a contractual agreement to build the [[BE-4]] rocket engine, for major US launch system operator [[United Launch Alliance]] (ULA). [[United Launch Alliance]] (ULA) has said that the first flight of its [[Vulcan Centaur]] [[heavy-lift launch vehicle]] is scheduled to launch in Q4 of 2023. The [[heavy-lift launch vehicle]]s main power is supported by two [[BE-4]] engines. On June 7, 2023, [[United Launch Alliance]] (ULA) performed a Flight Readiness Firing of the [[Vulcan Centaur]] [[rocket]] at launch pad 41 at the [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]] in [[Cape Canaveral]], Florida, United States. The two [[BE-4]] [[rocket engine]]s worked as expected.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ULA test-fires first Vulcan rocket at Cape Canaveral – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2023/06/07/vulcan-centaur-frf-coverage/ |access-date=November 1, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703024905/https://spaceflightnow.com/2023/06/07/vulcan-centaur-frf-coverage/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2024, the company won its first [[National Security Space Launch]] (NSSL) contract. The New Glenn vehicle is to be used on the launches.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erwin |first=Sandra |date=2024-06-13 |title=Blue Origin, SpaceX, ULA win $5.6 billion in Pentagon launch contracts |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-spacex-ula-win-5-6-billion-in-pentagon-launch-contracts/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Launch vehicles ==
[[File:New Shepard booster at Oshkosh Airventure 2017 02 (36143645465).jpg|thumb|upright|New Shepard booster]]
[[File:Blue Origin M7.jpg|thumb|Flown New Shepard Capsule]]

=== New Shepard ===
{{Main|New Shepard}}
[[New Shepard]] is a [[Reusable launch vehicle|fully reusable]] [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|suborbital]] [[launch vehicle]] developed for [[space tourism]]. The vehicle is named after [[Alan Shepard]], the first American astronaut in space. The vehicle is capable of [[VTVL|vertical takeoff and landings]] and can carry humans and customer payloads to the [[edge of space]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 4, 2022 |title=Blue Origin launches six thrill seekers to the edge of space – CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/blue-origin-launches-six-thrill-seekers-to-the-edge-of-space/ |access-date=July 18, 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718022203/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/blue-origin-launches-six-thrill-seekers-to-the-edge-of-space/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The New Shepard is a [[rocket]] that consists of a [[Booster (rocketry)|booster rocket]] and a crew capsule. The capsule can be configured to house up to six [[passenger]]s, [[cargo]], or a combination of both. The [[Booster (rocketry)|booster]] rocket is powered by one [[BE-3]]PM engine, which sends the capsule to an apogee ([[Sub-orbital spaceflight|Sub-Orbital]]) of {{convert|100.5|km|mi}} and flies above the [[Kármán line]], where passengers and cargo can experience a few minutes of [[weightlessness]] before the capsule returns to [[Earth]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Three minutes of microgravity is worth the cost of a small house, if you're a scientist |url=https://qz.com/1174480/blue-origins-new-shepard-and-virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-put-science-in-space-for-three-minutes-and-thats-a-game-changer |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=Quartz |language=en |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629201344/https://qz.com/1174480/blue-origins-new-shepard-and-virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-put-science-in-space-for-three-minutes-and-thats-a-game-changer |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Watch Blue Origin New Shepard-22 Launch! (Full Flight) | date=August 4, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbFXy30hUmA |access-date=July 14, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714153416/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbFXy30hUmA |url-status=live }}</ref>

The launch vehicle is designed to be fully reusable, with the capsule returning to Earth via three [[parachute]]s and a [[solid-propellant rocket|solid rocket motor]]. The booster lands vertically on the same launchpad it took off from. The company has successfully launched and landed the [[New Shepard]] [[launch vehicle]] 26 times with 1 partial failure (deemed successful) and 1 failure. The launch vehicle has a length of {{convert|19.2|m|ft}}, a diameter of {{convert|3.8|m|ft}} and a launch mass of {{convert|75|ST|lb kg}}. The [[BE-3]]PM engine produces 490&nbsp;kN of thrust at [[takeoff]]. The New Shepard allows the company to significantly reduce the cost of [[space tourism]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Eric M. |last2=Shepardson |first2=David |date=July 12, 2021 |title=U.S. approves Blue Origin license for human space travel ahead of Bezos flight |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-approves-blue-origin-license-human-space-travel-ahead-bezos-flight-2021-07-12/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601165703/https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-approves-blue-origin-license-human-space-travel-ahead-bezos-flight-2021-07-12/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frąckiewicz |first=Marcin |date=March 8, 2023 |title=The Economic Impacts of Blue Origin's Spaceflights |url=https://ts2.space/en/the-economic-impacts-of-blue-origins-spaceflights/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=TS2 SPACE |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717231634/https://ts2.space/en/the-economic-impacts-of-blue-origins-spaceflights/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On the morning of February 25, 2025, Blue Origin launched its 10th space tourism mission and sent six paying passengers to suborbital space. This was the company's tenth human flight, and its 30th overall flight of New Shepard.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Wall|first=Mike|date=2025-02-25 |title=Blue Origin launches 'Perfect 10' space tourists on New Shepard rocket|url=https://www.space.com/space-exploration/private-spaceflight/watch-jeff-bezos-blue-origin-launch-10th-space-tourism-flight-today|website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== New Glenn ===
{{Main|New Glenn}}
[[File:New Glenn launch signals new era for Space Launch Complex 36 (8832113).jpg|thumb|New Glenn maiden launch, 16 January&nbsp;2025]]
[[File:New Glenn.svg|thumb|upright=0.2|New Glenn rocket as designed in 2018]]
[[New Glenn]] is a [[Heavy-lift launch vehicle|heavy-lift]] [[launch vehicle]], first successfully launched in January 2025.<ref name=":7">{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=MJvDNs7_NZI | title=LIVE: Blue Origin launches New Glenn rocket on first test flight| website=[[YouTube]]| access-date=January 16, 2025 }}</ref> The initial launch date had been set back by numerous delays. Named after [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] [[John Glenn]], design work on the vehicle began in early 2012. Illustrations of the vehicle, and the high-level specifications, were initially publicly unveiled in September 2016. The full vehicle was first unveiled on a launch pad on February 21, 2024.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blue-origin-debuts-new-glenn-on-our-launch-pad | title=Blue Origin Debuts New Glenn on Our Launch Pad | access-date=February 22, 2024 | archive-date=February 22, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222185958/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blue-origin-debuts-new-glenn-on-our-launch-pad | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[rocket]] has a diameter of 7 meters (23&nbsp;ft), and its first stage is powered by seven [[BE-4]] engines. The fairing is claimed to have twice the payload volume of "any commercial launch system" and to be the biggest [[payload fairing]] in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mooney |first=Justin |date=December 6, 2022 |title=Blue Origin conducts fairing testing amid quiet New Glenn progress |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/12/blue-origin-new-glenn/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US |archive-date=February 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228091937/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/12/blue-origin-new-glenn/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Like the [[New Shepard]], New Glenn's first stage is also designed to be [[Reusable launch system|reusable]]. In 2021, the company initiated conceptual design work on approaches to potentially make the second stage reusable as well, with the project codenamed "[[Project Jarvis]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eric |title=First images of Blue Origin's "Project Jarvis" test tank |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/08/first-images-of-blue-origins-project-jarvis-test-tank/ |access-date=May 6, 2023 |website=Ars Technica |date=August 24, 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824232002/https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/08/first-images-of-blue-origins-project-jarvis-test-tank/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[NASA]] announced on February 9, 2023, that it had selected the New Glenn [[heavy-lift launch vehicle]] for the launch of two [[EscaPADE|Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) spacecraft]]. The New Glenn heavy-lift launch vehicle will launch ESCAPADE<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Blue Origin wins first NASA business for New Glenn |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-wins-first-nasa-business-for-new-glenn/ |access-date=April 2, 2023 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717231634/https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-wins-first-nasa-business-for-new-glenn/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA picks Blue Origin's New Glenn to fly a science mission to Mars |url=https://www.engadget.com/nasa-blue-origin-new-glenn-escapade-science-mission-mars-110049165.html |access-date=April 2, 2023 |website=Engadget |date=February 10, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=April 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402210653/https://www.engadget.com/nasa-blue-origin-new-glenn-escapade-science-mission-mars-110049165.html |url-status=live }}</ref> in Q2 of 2025 with the ESCAPADE [[spacecraft]] entering [[Mars]]'s orbit approximately one year after launch.

In 2024, Blue Origin received funding from the [[United States Space Force|USSF]] to assess New Glenn's ability to launch national security payloads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erwin |first=Sandra |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Blue Origin gets U.S. Space Force funding for New Glenn 'integration studies' |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-gets-u-s-space-force-funding-for-new-glenn-integration-studies/ |access-date=January 24, 2024 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}</ref> On January 16, 2025, Blue Origin achieved its first successful launch of New Glenn from [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]]'s [[Launch Complex 36]] at 02:03 Eastern Time<ref>{{cite web | url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=MJvDNs7_NZI | title=LIVE: Blue Origin launches New Glenn rocket on first test flight| website=[[YouTube]]| access-date=January 16, 2025 }}</ref>  The mission's primary objective was to deploy the Blue Ring Pathfinder test satellite, which was successfully placed into orbit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeff Bezos-backed Blue Origin rocket reaches orbit but misses landing in debut |url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/jeff-bezos-backed-blue-origin-rocket-reaches-orbit-but-misses-landing-in-debut/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=www.businesspost.ie |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Blue Moon ==
{{Main|Blue Moon (spacecraft)}}
In May 2019, Bezos unveiled plans for a crew-capable [[lunar lander]] named [[Blue Moon (spacecraft)|Blue Moon]].<ref name="cnbc20190509">{{Cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=May 9, 2019 |title=Jeff Bezos unveils Blue Origin's Blue Moon lunar lander for astronauts |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/09/jeff-bezos-unveils-blue-moon-lunar-lander.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510122842/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/09/jeff-bezos-unveils-blue-moon-lunar-lander.html |archive-date=May 10, 2019 |access-date=May 10, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> The lander is designed to transport up to {{Convert|3600|kg}} to the lunar surface in its standard configuration, while a stretched-tank variant can carry up to {{Convert|6500|kg}}. Both versions are engineered for soft landings on the Moon.

In 2020, Blue Origin, in collaboration with [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Northrop Grumman]], and [[Draper Laboratory|Draper]], submitted the Blue Moon lunar lander proposal for NASA's Artemis program. After NASA awarded the human landing system (HLS) contract to SpaceX in 2021 for its [[Starship HLS]], Blue Origin [[Blue Origin Federation, LLC v. United States|contested the decision]]. This challenge ultimately led to NASA awarding a separate contract for Blue Moon in 2023.

The lander is powered by the [[#BE-7|BE-7]] [[hydrolox]] engine.<ref name="sfn20190509">{{Cite news |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=May 9, 2019 |title=Jeff Bezos unveils 'Blue Moon' lander |work=Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/05/09/blue-origin-announcement/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510041940/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/05/09/blue-origin-announcement/ |archive-date=May 10, 2019}}</ref> On May 19, 2023, NASA contracted Blue Origin to develop, test, and deploy the Blue Moon landing system for the Artemis V mission. This mission will support lunar exploration and lay the groundwork for future crewed missions to Mars. The $3.4 billion contract includes an uncrewed test mission followed by a crewed Moon landing planned for 2029.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=NASA Selects Blue Origin as Second Artemis Lunar Lander Provider |date=May 19, 2023 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-blue-origin-as-second-artemis-lunar-lander-provider |access-date=May 19, 2023 |archive-date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519150415/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-blue-origin-as-second-artemis-lunar-lander-provider/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cnbc.com">{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2023 |title=Bezos' Blue Origin wins NASA astronaut moon lander contract to compete with SpaceX's Starship |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/19/nasa-awards-blue-origin-sld-crew-lunar-lander-contract.html |access-date=May 19, 2023 |website=[[CNBC]] |language=en |archive-date=May 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519144646/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/05/19/nasa-awards-blue-origin-sld-crew-lunar-lander-contract.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In mid-2024, Blue Origin announced the successful completion of initial acceptance testing on the thrusters for the MK1 variant of the Blue Moon lander.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More and more hardware is arriving – paving our way to the Moon. Our gaseous hydrogen/oxygen reaction control system thrusters have completed acceptance testing ahead of installation on MK1, our first lunar lander. Our RCS thrusters enable different thrust levels for precision attitude control and are an important step toward humanity's sustained presence on the Moon. These will help us land anywhere on the Moon's surface, and best of all, they use propellants that can be manufactured from resources on the lunar surface! |url=https://x.com/blueorigin/status/1788254387934052763}}</ref>

== Rocket engines ==
=== BE-1 ===
Blue Origin's first engine is a "simple, single-propellant engine" called the Blue Engine-1 ('''BE-1'''<!-- Bolded per [[WP:MOS]]/[[WP:MOSBOLD]] since this term is redirected to here. -->) which uses [[High-test peroxide|peroxide]] propellant and generates {{convert|2000|lbf|kN|disp=flip|abbr=on}} of [[thrust]].<ref name="blue20161025" />

=== BE-2 ===
The Blue Engine-2 ('''BE-2'''<!-- Bolded per [[WP:MOS]]/[[WP:MOSBOLD]] since this term is redirected to here. -->) which is a bipropellant engine using [[RP-1|kerosene]] and peroxide, produces {{convert|31000|lbf|kN|disp=flip|abbr=on}} of thrust.<ref name="blue20161025">{{cite web |url= https://www.blueorigin.com/technology |title= Blue Origin Technology |publisher= Blue Origin |access-date= October 25, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180110171630/https://www.blueorigin.com/technology |archive-date= January 10, 2018 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

=== BE-3 (BE-3U and BE-3PM) ===
{{Main|BE-3}}
The [[BE-3]] is a family of rocket engines made by Blue Origin with two variants, the BE-3U and BE-3PM. The rocket engine is a [[liquid hydrogen]]/[[liquid oxygen]] (LH2/LOX) [[Cryogenic rocket engine|cryogenic engine]] that can produce {{convert|110000|lbf|kN||abbr=on|order=flip}} and 710&nbsp;kN (160,000&nbsp;lbf) of thrust, respectively. Early thrust chamber testing began at [[NASA]] Stennis<ref name="nsj20130117">{{Cite news |date=January 17, 2013 |title=Updates on commercial crew development |work=NewSpace Journal |url=http://www.newspacejournal.com/2013/01/17/updates-on-commercial-crew-development/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119091227/http://www.newspacejournal.com/2013/01/17/updates-on-commercial-crew-development/ |archive-date=January 19, 2013}}</ref> in 2013.<ref name="pa20131203vid" /> By late 2013, the [[BE-3]] had been successfully tested on a full-duration [[sub-orbital]] burn, with simulated coast phases and engine relights, "demonstrating deep throttle, full power, long-duration and [[Rocket engine restart|reliable restart]] all in a single-test sequence."<ref name="pa20131203">{{Cite news |last=Messier |first=Doug |date=December 3, 2013 |title=Blue Origin Tests New Engine in Simulated Suborbital Mission Profile |work=Parabolic Arc |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/12/03/blue-origin-tests-engine-simulated-suborbital-mission-profile/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206020133/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/12/03/blue-origin-tests-engine-simulated-suborbital-mission-profile/ |archive-date=December 6, 2013}}</ref> NASA has released a video of the test.<ref name="pa20131203vid">{{Cite news |last=Messier |first=Doug |date=December 3, 2013 |title=Video of Blue Origin Engine Test |work=Parabolic Arc |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/12/03/video-blue-origin-engine-test/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206023638/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/12/03/video-blue-origin-engine-test/ |archive-date=December 6, 2013}}</ref> {{as of|2013|12}}, the engine had demonstrated more than 160 starts and {{convert|9100|s|h}} of operation at the company's test facility near [[Van Horn, Texas]].<ref name="pa20131203" /><ref>[http://aviationweek.com/awin/blue-origin-tests-new-engine Blue Origin Tests New Engine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108122553/http://aviationweek.com/awin/blue-origin-tests-new-engine |date=January 8, 2016 }}, ''Aviation Week'', 2013-12-09, accessed September 16, 2014.</ref>

# The [[BE-3U]] is an open [[expander cycle]] variant of the BE-3. Two of these engines will be used to power the [[New Glenn]] heavy-lift launch vehicle's second stage. The amount of thrust the BE-3U produces is 710 kilonewtons (160,000&nbsp;lbf).<ref name=":5" />
# The [[BE-3]]PM uses a [[Pump-fed engine|pump-fed]] engine design, with a [[combustion tap-off cycle]] to take a small amount of combustion gases from the main [[combustion chamber]] to power the engine's [[turbopump]]s. One engine is used to power the Propulsive Module (PM) of [[New Shepard]]. The amount of thrust the [[BE-3]]PM produces is 490 kilonewtons (110,000&nbsp;lbf).<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Engines |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/engines |access-date=April 7, 2023 |website=Blue Origin |language=en-US |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140938/https://www.blueorigin.com/engines |url-status=live }}</ref> The rocket engine can be throttled to as low as 110&nbsp;kN (25,000&nbsp;lbf) for use in controlled vertical landings.

=== BE-4 ===
{{Main|BE-4}}
The BE-4 is a [[liquid oxygen]]/liquified natural gas (LOX/LNG) rocket engine that can produce {{convert|550000|lbf|kN|order=flip|abbr=on}} of thrust.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BE-4 Reverse Engineered |url=https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=45518.0 |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=forum.nasaspaceflight.com |archive-date=April 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420192148/https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=45518.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late 2014, the company signed an agreement with [[United Launch Alliance]] (ULA) to develop the BE-4 engine, for ULA's [[Atlas V#Replacement with Vulcan|upgraded]] [[Atlas V]] and [[Vulcan Centaur]] rockets replacing the [[RD-180]] Russian-made rocket engine. The newly developed heavy-lift launch vehicle will use two of the {{convert|550000|lbf|kN|order=flip|abbr=on}} BE-4 engines on each [[first stage (rocketry)|first stage]]. The engine development program for the BE-4 began in 2011.<ref name="wp201409">{{Cite news |last=Achenbach |first=Joel |date=September 17, 2014 |title=Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin to supply engines for national security space launches |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/jeff-bezos-and-blue-origin-to-supply-engines-for-national-security-space-launches/2014/09/17/59f46eb2-3e7b-11e4-9587-5dafd96295f0_story.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925075923/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/jeff-bezos-and-blue-origin-to-supply-engines-for-national-security-space-launches/2014/09/17/59f46eb2-3e7b-11e4-9587-5dafd96295f0_story.html |archive-date=September 25, 2014}}</ref>

On October 31, 2022, a Twitter post by the official Blue Origin account announced that the first two BE-4 engines had been delivered to ULA and were being integrated on a Vulcan rocket. In a later tweet, ULA CEO [[Tory Bruno]] said that one of the engines had already been installed on the booster, and that the other would be joining it momentarily.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Blue Origin completes delivery of BE-4 rocket engines for first ULA Vulcan launch |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2022/blue-origin-delivery-be-4-rocket-engines-ula-vulcan/ |access-date=November 7, 2022 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US |archive-date=November 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107165937/https://www.geekwire.com/2022/blue-origin-delivery-be-4-rocket-engines-ula-vulcan/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 7, 2023, the two BE-4 rocket engines performed as expected when ULA performed a Flight Readiness Firing of the Vulcan Rocket at launch pad 41 at the [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]] in [[Cape Canaveral, Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ULA test-fires first Vulcan rocket at Cape Canaveral – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2023/06/07/vulcan-centaur-frf-coverage/ |access-date=July 3, 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703024905/https://spaceflightnow.com/2023/06/07/vulcan-centaur-frf-coverage/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Live: Engine test firing for ULA's new Vulcan rocket | date=June 7, 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDN8CzkXMqQ |access-date=July 3, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703024904/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDN8CzkXMqQ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vulcan Centaur launched for the first time on January 8, 2024, successfully carrying [[Astrobotic Technology]]'s [[Peregrine Mission One|''Peregrine'' lunar lander]], the first mission on NASA's [[Commercial Lunar Payload Services]] (CLPS) program using the BE-4 engine.<ref name="spacenews-launch">{{cite web |author=Foust |first=Jeff |date=January 8, 2024 |title=Vulcan Centaur launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural mission |url=https://spacenews.com/vulcan-centaur-launches-peregrine-lunar-lander-on-inaugural-mission/ |access-date=January 8, 2024 |work=Spacenews |archive-date=January 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108153201/https://spacenews.com/vulcan-centaur-launches-peregrine-lunar-lander-on-inaugural-mission/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== BE-7 ===
{{Main|BE-7}}
The BE-7 engine is a liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen [[Expander cycle#Dual expander|dual expander cycle]] engine currently under development, designed for use on [[Blue Moon (spacecraft)|Blue Moon]].<ref>[https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/9/18550258/blue-origin-moon-lunar-lander-jeff-bezos-space Jeff Bezos unveils mock-up of Blue Origin's lunar lander Blue Moon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509215433/https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/9/18550258/blue-origin-moon-lunar-lander-jeff-bezos-space |date=May 9, 2019 }}. Loren Grush, ''The Verge''. May 9, 2019.</ref> The engine produces {{convert|10000|lbf|kN|order=flip|abbr=on}} of thrust. Its first ignition tests were performed in June 2019, with thrust chamber assembly testing continuing through 2023.<ref>[https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/20/18692707/blue-origin-moon-lander-be7-engine-hot-fire-test-ignition Blue Origin fires up the engine of its future Moon lander for the first time]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509215433/https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/20/18692707/blue-origin-moon-lander-be7-engine-hot-fire-test-ignition|date=May 9, 2019}}. Loren Grush, ''The Verge''. June 20, 2019.</ref>

=== Pusher escape motor ===
The company partnered with [[Aerojet Rocketdyne]] to [[New product development|develop]] a pusher [[launch escape system]] for the [[New Shepard]] suborbital crew capsule. Aerojet Rocketdyne provides the Crew Capsule Escape [[Solid-propellant rocket|Solid Rocket Motor]] (CCE SRM) while the [[Thrust vectoring|thrust vector control]] system that steers the capsule during an abort is designed and manufactured by Blue Origin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aerojet Motor Plays Key Role in Successful Blue Origin Pad Escape |url=http://www.rocket.com/article/aerojet-motor-plays-key-role-successful-blue-origin-pad-escape |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514213926/http://www.rocket.com/article/aerojet-motor-plays-key-role-successful-blue-origin-pad-escape |archive-date=May 14, 2018 |access-date=May 14, 2018 |publisher=Aerojet Rocketdyne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aerojet Rocketdyne Motor Plays Key Role in Successful Blue Origin In-Flight Crew Escape Test |url=https://www.rocket.com/article/aerojet-rocketdyne-motor-plays-key-role-successful-blue-origin-flight-crew-escape-test |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514213800/https://www.rocket.com/article/aerojet-rocketdyne-motor-plays-key-role-successful-blue-origin-flight-crew-escape-test |archive-date=May 14, 2018 |access-date=May 14, 2018 |publisher=Aerojet Rocketdyne}}</ref>

== Facilities ==
[[File:NASA Deputy Administrator Tours Blue Origin.jpg|thumb|NASA Deputy Administrator Tours Blue Origin Headquarters]]{{Main page|Blue Origin facilities}}
The company has facilities across the US which include five main locations and five field offices:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://craft.co/blue-origin/locations|title=Blue Origin Corporate Headquarters, Office Locations and Addresses &#124; Craft.co|access-date=April 4, 2023|archive-date=April 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404233743/https://craft.co/blue-origin/locations|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Kent, Washington]] (headquarters)
* [[Van Horn, Texas]]
* [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]], Florida
* [[Huntsville, Alabama]]
* [[Marshall Space Flight Center]], Alabama
* [[Arlington, Virginia]]
* [[Denver, Colorado]]
* [[Los Angeles, California]]
* [[Phoenix, Arizona]]
* [[Washington, DC]]

The company's headquarters is in [[Kent, Washington]]. Rocket development takes place at its headquarters. The company has continued to expand its [[Seattle metropolitan area|Seattle-area]] offices and rocket production facilities since 2016, purchasing an adjacent {{convert|120000|ft2|m2|order=flip|abbr=on|adj=on}}-building.<ref name="psbj20161020">{{Cite news |last=Stile |first=Marc |date=October 20, 2016 |title=Bezos' rocket company, Blue Origin, is the new owner of an old warehouse in Kent |work=[[American City Business Journals|bizjournals.com]] |publisher=Puget Sound Business Journal |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/techflash/2016/10/jeff-bezos-rocket-blue-origin-real-estate-kent.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302004928/http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/techflash/2016/10/jeff-bezos-rocket-blue-origin-real-estate-kent.html |archive-date=March 2, 2017}}</ref> In 2017, the company filed permits to build a new {{convert|236000|ft2|m2|abbr=on|order=flip}} warehouse complex and an additional {{convert|102900|ft2|m2|abbr=on|order=flip}} of office space.<ref name="gw20170222">{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2017 |title=Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin space venture has plans for big expansion of Seattle-area HQ |url=http://www.geekwire.com/2017/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-hq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223033609/http://www.geekwire.com/2017/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-hq/ |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |access-date=August 11, 2017 |website=Geekwire.com}}</ref> The company established a new headquarters and R&D facility, called the O'Neill Building on June 6, 2020.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin officially opens its new HQ and R&D center |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/07/blue-origin-officially-opens-its-new-hq-and-rd-center/ |access-date=September 12, 2020 |website=TechCrunch |date=January 7, 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024153109/https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/07/blue-origin-officially-opens-its-new-hq-and-rd-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2020 |title=Blue Origin takes one giant leap across the street to space venture's new HQ in Kent |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2020/blue-origin-takes-one-giant-leap-across-street-new-headquarters-kent/ |access-date=September 12, 2020 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US |archive-date=November 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107004658/https://www.geekwire.com/2020/blue-origin-takes-one-giant-leap-across-street-new-headquarters-kent/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Launch Site One (LSO) ===
[[File:Blue Origin Launch Site 2024.jpg|thumb|Entrance to Launch Site One]]
[[Corn Ranch]], commonly referred to as Launch Site One (LSO) is the company's launch site {{Convert|30|mi}} north of [[Van Horn, Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Visit to see Blue Origin's Launch Site One |url=http://scopeviews.co.uk/BlueOriginVisit.htm |access-date=June 9, 2023 |website=scopeviews.co.uk |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813202847/http://scopeviews.co.uk/BlueOriginVisit.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The site hosts the company's sub-orbital launch pad for its New Shepard rocket along with a landing pad. Additionally, LSO has a number of [[Rocket engine test facility|rocket engine test stands]] and engine test cells are to support the [[hydrolox]], [[methalox]] and [[Storable propellant|storable]] propellant engines. There are three test cells for the BE-3 and BE-4 engines. The test cells support full-thrust and full-duration burns, and one supports short-duration, high-pressure [[preburner]] tests.

=== Blue Engine ===
Engine production is located in [[Huntsville, Alabama]], at a {{Convert|600000|sqft|adj=on}} facility called, "Blue Engine". The companies website states that, "The world-class engine manufacturing facility in The Rocket City conduct[s] high rate production of the BE-4 and BE-3U engines.

The company is planning a third major expansion in Huntsville and the company purchased {{Convert|14.83|acre|4=0}} adjacent to its already sprawling campus at the price of $1.427 million.<ref>{{Citation |title=Price, Winford Hugh Protheroe, (born 5 Feb. 1926), City Treasurer, Cardiff City Council, 1975–83 |date=December 1, 2007 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u31450 |work=Who's Who |access-date=June 9, 2023 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u31450 |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232153/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/display/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-31450;jsessionid=54E1242363290B6FDC263B650210B799 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Orbital Launch Site (OLS) ===
The Orbital Launch Site (OLS) at the [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]], develops rockets and conducts extensive testing. The company converted [[Spaceport Florida Launch Complex 36|Launch Complex 36]] (LC-36) to launch [[New Glenn]] into orbit<ref name="S-BG-2016">[http://www.space.com/33293-blue-origin-construction-florida-rocket-factory.html Blue Origin's Rocket Factory Breaks Ground, June 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710093314/http://www.space.com/33293-blue-origin-construction-florida-rocket-factory.html |date=July 10, 2016 }}, accessed Feb 2022</ref> at [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]]. The facility was initially completed in 2020 and is being used for the construction of New Glenn prototypes, rocket testing, and designs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 13, 2021 |title=Blue Origin is leaving a substantial footprint in Florida |url=https://www.wtsp.com/article/tech/science/space/blue-origin-florida/67-47c9de2f-cd89-4912-9718-ef9adcb3248e |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=wtsp.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232144/https://www.wtsp.com/article/tech/science/space/blue-origin-florida/67-47c9de2f-cd89-4912-9718-ef9adcb3248e |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company facility is situated on {{Convert|306|acre|4=0}} of land assembled from the former Launch complexes [[Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 11|11]], [[Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 12|12]], 36A and 36B. The land parcel used to build a rocket engine test stand for the BE-4 engine, a launch mount, called the Orbital Launch Site, (hence its name) and a reusable [[Booster (rocketry)|booster]] [[Refurbishment (electronics)|refurbishment]] facility for the New Glenn launch vehicle, which is expected to land on a [[Autonomous spaceport drone ship|drone ship]] and return to [[Port Canaveral]] for refurbishment. Manufacturing of "large elements, such as New Glenn's first and second stages as well as the [[payload fairing]]s and other large components will be made nearby in [[Exploration Park]], which is near the entrance to the [[Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex]] on [[Merritt Island, Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davenport |first=Justin |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Blue Origin picking up the pace at the Cape |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/05/blue-origin-pace-cape/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US |archive-date=June 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601000142/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/05/blue-origin-pace-cape/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition to their Florida operations, they have also been leased the greenfield of [[Vandenberg Space Launch Complex 9|Space Launch Complex 9]] (SLC-9) at [[Vandenberg Space Force Base]], where they plan to construct a New Glenn launch pad to give the launch vehicle [[polar orbit]] and [[Sun-synchronous orbit]] capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2023 |title=Staff Report |url=https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/reports/2023/12/F8b/F8b-12-2023-report.pdf |access-date=31 August 2024 |website=California Coastal Commission |archive-date=October 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008164303/https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/reports/2023/12/F8b/F8b-12-2023-report.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Other projects ==
=== Blue Ring ===
{{Main|Blue Ring}}

The Blue Ring vehicle was announced in October 2023 by Blue Origin. It will have its own engine and is meant to handle orbital logistics and delivery. In March 2024, in partnership with the [[United States Space Force]], it was announced that the Blue Ring's capabilities will be tested soon on a mission called DarkSky-1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malewar |first=Amit |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Blue Origin to test Blue Ring space truck capabilities on DarkSky-1 Mission |url=https://www.inceptivemind.com/blue-origin-test-blue-ring-space-truck-capabilities-darksky-1-mission/37028/ |access-date=March 28, 2024 |website=Inceptive Mind |language=en-US |archive-date=March 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327133449/https://www.inceptivemind.com/blue-origin-test-blue-ring-space-truck-capabilities-darksky-1-mission/37028/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Orbital Reef (commercial space station) ===
{{Main|Orbital Reef}}
The company and its partners [[Sierra Space]], [[Boeing]], [[Redwire Space]] and Genesis Engineering Solutions won a $130{{nbsp}}million award to jump-start the design of their Orbital Reef commercial space station. The project is envisioned as an expandable business park, with Boeing's [[Boeing Starliner|Starliner]] and Sierra Space's [[Dream Chaser]] transporting passengers to and from [[low Earth orbit]] (LEO) for [[tourism]], research and in-space manufacturing projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orbital Reef {{!}} Home |url=https://www.orbitalreef.com/ |access-date=July 14, 2023 |website=www.orbitalreef.com |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026194229/https://www.orbitalreef.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Orbital Reef's design will be modular in nature, to provide the greatest amount of customization and compatibility. It will reportedly be designed to accept docking from almost every spacecraft in operation, such as [[SpaceX Dragon 2]], [[Soyuz (spacecraft)]], [[Dream Chaser]], and [[Boeing Starliner]]. The initial modules will be: Life, Node, Core, and Research Modules.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zea |first1=Luis |last2=Warren |first2=Liz |last3=Ruttley |first3=Tara |last4=Mosher |first4=Todd |last5=Kelsey |first5=Laura |last6=Wagner |first6=Erika |date=March 29, 2024 |title=Orbital Reef and commercial low Earth orbit destinations—upcoming space research opportunities |journal=npj Microgravity |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=43 |doi=10.1038/s41526-024-00363-x |issn=2373-8065|doi-access=free |pmid=38553503 |pmc=10980796 |bibcode=2024npjMG..10...43Z }}</ref>

In 2024 NASA increased funding for Orbital Reef by $42 million, bringing the total award to $172 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=NASA Adjusts Agreements to Benefit Commercial Station Development – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/leo-economy/nasa-adjusts-agreements-to-benefit-commercial-station-development/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |language=en-US |archive-date=April 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418033726/https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/leo-economy/nasa-adjusts-agreements-to-benefit-commercial-station-development/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Nuclear rocket program ===
{{Main|Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations}}
[[NASA]] plans to test [[spacecraft]], engines and other propellent systems powered by [[nuclear fission]] no later than 2027 as part of the agency's effort to demonstrate more efficient methods of traveling through outer space for [[space exploration]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roulette |first=Joey |date=January 25, 2023 |title=U.S. to test nuclear-powered spacecraft by 2027 |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/us-test-nuclear-powered-spacecraft-by-2027-2023-01-24/ |access-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407031151/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/us-test-nuclear-powered-spacecraft-by-2027-2023-01-24/ |url-status=live }}</ref> One benefit to using [[nuclear fission]] as a propellent for spacecraft is that nuclear-based systems can have less mass than solar cells which means a [[spacecraft]] could be smaller while using the same amount of energy more efficiently. [[Nuclear fission]] concepts that can power both life support and propulsion systems could greatly reduce the cost and flight time during space exploration.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bardan |first=Roxana |date=January 23, 2023 |title=NASA, DARPA Will Test Nuclear Engine for Future Mars Missions |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-darpa-will-test-nuclear-engine-for-future-mars-missions |access-date=July 17, 2023 |website=NASA |archive-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526043355/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-darpa-will-test-nuclear-engine-for-future-mars-missions/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[DARPA|Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] awarded [[General Atomics]], [[Lockheed Martin]] and Blue Origin contracts to fund and build [[Nuclear power|nuclear]] spacecraft under the agency's [[Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations]] program or DRACO program. The company was awarded $2.9 million to develop [[spacecraft]] component designs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |title=DARPA awards nuclear spacecraft contracts to Lockheed Martin, Bezos' Blue Origin and General Atomics |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/12/darpa-nuclear-spacecraft-lockheed-bezos-blue-origin-general-atomics.html |access-date=April 7, 2023 |website=CNBC |date=April 12, 2021 |language=en |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407024948/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/12/darpa-nuclear-spacecraft-lockheed-bezos-blue-origin-general-atomics.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In partnership with Blue Origin, Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation, [[GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy]], [[GE Research]], [[Framatome]] and [[Materion]], USNC-Tech won a $5 million contract from [[NASA]] and the [[U.S. Department of Energy]] (DOE) to develop a long range nuclear propulsion system called the Power Adjusted Demonstration Mars Engine, or PADME.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=January 24, 2023 |title=NASA joins forces with DARPA on effort to demonstrate nuclear rocket for Mars trips |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2023/nasa-darpa-nuclear-rocket-mars/ |access-date=April 7, 2023 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407024948/https://www.geekwire.com/2023/nasa-darpa-nuclear-rocket-mars/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Space technology ===
NASA awarded $35 million to the company in 2023 for the company's work on [[lunar regolith]] to be used for solar powered systems on the moon. The company's website states that "Blue Alchemist is a proposed end-to-end, scalable, autonomous, and commercial solution that produces solar cells from lunar regolith, which is the dust and crushed rock abundant on the surface of the Moon. Based on a process called molten regolith electrolysis, the breakthrough would bootstrap unlimited electricity and power transmission cables anywhere on the surface of the Moon. This process also produces oxygen as a useful byproduct for propulsion and life support."

Gary Lai, chief architect of the New Shepard rocket said during the pathfinder awards at the Seattle Museum of Flight that [The company] "aims to be the first company that harvests natural resources from the Moon to use here on Earth". He also mentioned that the company is building a novel approach to extract outer space's vast resources.

== Blue Origin flights ==
In 2025, Blue Origin achieved orbital spaceflight with the maiden launch of [[New Glenn]]. Below is a list of all Blue Origin flights before 2025. For list of flights performed after 1 January 2025 see the articles of [[New Glenn]] and [[New Shepard]] where they are listed.

{| width="100%"
| {{#invoke:Chart | bar chart
| height = 300
| width = 500
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 1 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0
| group 2 = 0 : 1 : 2 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0
| group 3 = 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 2 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 
| group 4 = 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 1 : 0 : 0 : 2 : 4 : 1 : 2 : 3 : 1 : 6 : 4 : 1 : 4 
| colors = lightgrey : lightgreen : orange : skyblue
| group names = [[Blue Origin Charon|''Charon'']] : [[Blue Origin Goddard|Goddard]] : PM2 : [[New Shepard]]
| units suffix = _launches
| x legends = 2005 ::::: 2010 ::::: 2015 ::::: 2020 :::: 2024 
}}
| align="right" |{{suborbital_spaceflight_timeline.svg}}
|}

In the chart below, ♺ means "Flight Proven Booster".

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:1.00em; line-height:1.5em;"
|+New Shepard and test vehicle flight data
|-
! scope="col" | Flight No.
! Date
! Vehicle
! Apogee
! Outcome
! Notes
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 1
| March 5, 2005
| ''[[Blue Origin Charon|Charon]]''
| 315&nbsp;ft (0.05&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
|Test Flight
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 2
| November 13, 2006
| [[Blue Origin Goddard|Goddard]]
| 279&nbsp;ft (0.05&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| First rocket-powered test flight<ref>{{Cite news |last=Graczyk |first=Michael |date=November 14, 2006 |title=Private space firm launches 1st test rocket |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.dfw.com/mld/dfw/news/state/16008383.htm |access-date=January 9, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107162505/http://www.dfw.com/mld/dfw/news/state/16008383.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=January 7, 2007}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 3
| March 22, 2007
| [[Blue Origin Goddard|Goddard]] {{abbr|♺|Flight proven booster}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=March 23, 2007 |title=Rocket Revelations |publisher=MSNBC |url=http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/03/23/99714.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=January 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119052945/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/03/23/99714.aspx |archive-date=January 19, 2008 }}</ref>
|N/A
| {{Success}}
|Test Flight
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 4
| April 19, 2007
| [[Blue Origin Goddard|Goddard]] ♺<ref>{{Cite news |title=Recently Completed/Historical Launch Data |publisher=FAA AST |url=http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/launch_data/permitted_historical_launch/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311023826/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/launch_data/permitted_historical_launch/ |archive-date=March 11, 2008}}</ref>
|N/A
| {{Success}}
|Test Flight
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 5
| May 6, 2011
| PM2 (Propulsion Module)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Recently Completed/Historical Launch Data |publisher=FAA AST |url=http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/launch_data/permitted_historical_launch/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311023826/http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/launch_data/permitted_historical_launch/ |archive-date=March 11, 2008}}</ref>
|N/A
| {{Success}}
|Test Flight
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 6
| August 24, 2011
| PM2 (Propulsion Module) ♺
|N/A
| {{No|Failure}}
|Test Flight
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 7
| October 19, 2012
| [[New Shepard]] capsule
|N/A
| {{Success}}
| Pad escape test flight<ref name="bo20121022">{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2012 |title=Blue Origin Conducts Successful Pad Escape Test |url=http://www.blueorigin.com/media/press_release/blue-origin-conducts-successful-pad-escape-test |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215050523/http://www.blueorigin.com/media/press_release/blue-origin-conducts-successful-pad-escape-test |archive-date=December 15, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Blue Origin}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 8
| April 29, 2015
| [[New Shepard 1]]
|307,000&nbsp;ft (58&nbsp;mi)
| {{partial success}}
| Flight to altitude 93.5&nbsp;km, capsule [[Soft landing (rocketry)|recovered]], [[Booster (rocketry)|booster]] crashed on landing<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harwood |first=Bill |date=April 30, 2015 |title=Bezos' Blue Origin completes first test flight of 'New Shepard' spacecraft |agency=Spaceflight Now via CBS News |url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2015/04/30/bezos-blue-origin-completes-first-test-flight-of-new-shepard-spacecraft/ |access-date=May 11, 2015 |archive-date=June 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609090314/https://spaceflightnow.com/2015/04/30/bezos-blue-origin-completes-first-test-flight-of-new-shepard-spacecraft/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{nowrap|November 23, 2015}}
| [[New Shepard 2]]
|329,839&nbsp;ft (62&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| Sub-orbital spaceflight and landing<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pasztor |first=Andy |date=November 24, 2015 |title=Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin Succeeds in Landing Spent Rocket Back on Earth |agency=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/blue-origin-succeeds-in-vertically-landing-spent-rocket-back-at-texas-launch-site-1448372666 |access-date=November 24, 2015 |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515121438/https://www.wsj.com/articles/blue-origin-succeeds-in-vertically-landing-spent-rocket-back-at-texas-launch-site-1448372666 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 10
| January 22, 2016
| {{nowrap|[[New Shepard 2]] ♺}}
|333,582&nbsp;ft (63&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| Sub-orbital spaceflight and landing of a reused booster<ref>{{Cite web |title=Launch. Land. Repeat. |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blog/launch-land-repeat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124032206/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/blog/launch-land-repeat |archive-date=January 24, 2016 |access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 11
| April 2, 2016
| [[New Shepard 2]] ♺
|339,178&nbsp;ft (64&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| Sub-orbital spaceflight and landing of a reused booster<ref name="techcrunch20160402">{{Cite web |last=Calandrelli |first=Emily |date=April 2, 2016 |title=Blue Origin launches and lands the same rocket for a third time |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/04/02/blue-origin-launches-and-lands-the-same-rocket-for-a-third-time/ |access-date=April 3, 2016 |archive-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402215657/https://techcrunch.com/2016/04/02/blue-origin-launches-and-lands-the-same-rocket-for-a-third-time/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 12
| June 19, 2016
| [[New Shepard 2]] ♺
|331,501&nbsp;ft (63&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| Sub-orbital spaceflight and landing of a reused booster: The fourth launch and landing of the same rocket. The company published a live webcast of the takeoff and landing.<ref name="geekwire201606">{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=June 19, 2016 |title=Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin live-streams its spaceship's risky test flight |url=http://www.geekwire.com/2016/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-space-launch/ |access-date=June 21, 2016 |website=GeekWire |archive-date=June 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620191823/http://www.geekwire.com/2016/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-space-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 13
| October 5, 2016
| [[New Shepard 2]] ♺
|Booster: 307,458&nbsp;ft (58&nbsp;mi) <br>Capsule: 23,269&nbsp;ft (4&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| Sub-orbital spaceflight and landing of a reused booster. Successful test of the in-flight abort system. The fifth and final launch and landing of the same rocket (NS2).<ref name="sn20161005">{{Cite news |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=October 5, 2016 |title=Blue Origin successfully tests New Shepard abort system |work=[[SpaceNews]] |url=http://spacenews.com/blue-origin-successfully-tests-new-shepard-abort-system/ |access-date=October 5, 2016 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327180120/https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-successfully-tests-new-shepard-abort-system/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 14
| December 12, 2017
| [[New Shepard 3]]
|Booster: 322,032&nbsp;ft(61&nbsp;mi) <br>Capsule: 322,405&nbsp;ft(61&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| Flight to just under 100&nbsp;km and landing. The first launch of NS3 and a new Crew Capsule 2.0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2017 |title=Blue Origin flies next-generation New Shepard vehicle |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-flies-next-generation-new-shepard-vehicle/ |access-date=March 24, 2020 |website=SpaceNews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232145/https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-flies-next-generation-new-shepard-vehicle/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 15
| April 29, 2018
| [[New Shepard 3]] ♺
|351,000&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| Sub-orbital spaceflight and landing of a reused booster.<ref name="flight8">{{Cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/04/29/video-blue-origin-flies-new-shepard-rocket-for-eighth-time/|title=Video: Blue Origin flies New Shepard rocket for eighth time – Spaceflight Now|first=Stephen|last=Clark|access-date=August 6, 2020|archive-date=May 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515121439/https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/04/29/video-blue-origin-flies-new-shepard-rocket-for-eighth-time/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 16
| July 18, 2018
| [[New Shepard 3]] ♺
|389,846&nbsp;ft (74&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
| Sub-orbital spaceflight and landing of a reused booster, with the Crew Capsule 2.0–1 ''RSS H.G.Wells'', carrying a [[Crash test dummy|mannequin]]. Successful test of the in-flight abort system at high altitude. Flight duration was 11 minutes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Marcia Dunn |date=July 19, 2018 |title=Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin launches spacecraft higher than ever |url=https://apnews.com/1304ed77d0bb4e5c995a8b75a8d52499 |access-date=July 19, 2018 |website=Associated Press |archive-date=July 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718205220/https://apnews.com/1304ed77d0bb4e5c995a8b75a8d52499 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 17
|January 23, 2019
|[[New Shepard 3]] ♺
|351,000&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
|Sub-orbital flight, delayed from December 18, 2018. Eight NASA research and technology payloads were flown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=Blue Origin reschedules New Shepard launch for Wednesday – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/01/19/blue-origin-aims-to-launch-delayed-new-shepard-flight-monday/ |access-date=January 23, 2019 |language=en-US |archive-date=January 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120070148/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/01/19/blue-origin-aims-to-launch-delayed-new-shepard-flight-monday/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin New Shepard: Mission 10 (Q1 2019) – collectSPACE: Messages |url=http://www.collectspace.com/ubb/Forum35/HTML/000903.html |access-date=January 23, 2019 |website=www.collectspace.com |archive-date=January 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123121253/http://www.collectspace.com/ubb/Forum35/HTML/000903.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 18
|May 2, 2019
|[[New Shepard 3]] ♺
|346,000&nbsp;ft (65&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
|Sub-orbital flight. Max Ascent Velocity: {{cvt|2217|mph|km/h|abbr=on}},<ref name="SubOrbitalLaunch">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=Blue Origin 'one step closer' to human flights after successful suborbital launch – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/05/02/blue-origin-one-step-closer-to-human-flights-after-successful-suborbital-launch/ |access-date=May 9, 2019 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502153730/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/05/02/blue-origin-one-step-closer-to-human-flights-after-successful-suborbital-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> duration: 10 minutes, 10 seconds. Payload: 38 microgravity research payloads (nine sponsored by NASA).
|-
! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 19
|December 11, 2019
|[[New Shepard 3]] ♺
|343,000&nbsp;ft (64&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|Sub-orbital flight, Payload: Multiple commercial, research (8 sponsored by NASA) and educational payloads, including postcards from [[Club for the Future]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=December 8, 2019 |title=Watch Blue Origin send thousands of postcards to space and back on test flight |language=en-US |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2019/blue-origin-gets-set-send-thousands-postcards-space-back-test-flight/ |access-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210001022/https://www.geekwire.com/2019/blue-origin-gets-set-send-thousands-postcards-space-back-test-flight/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Shepard Mission NS-12 Updates |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-12-updates |access-date=December 10, 2019 |website=Blue Origin |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210085917/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-12-updates |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2019 |title=New Shepard sets reusability mark on latest suborbital spaceflight |url=https://spacenews.com/new-shepard-sets-reusability-mark-on-latest-suborbital-spaceflight/ |access-date=March 24, 2020 |website=SpaceNews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232155/https://spacenews.com/new-shepard-sets-reusability-mark-on-latest-suborbital-spaceflight/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!20
|October 13, 2020
|[[New Shepard 3]] ♺
|346,000&nbsp;ft (65&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|7th flight of the same capsule/booster. Onboard 12 payloads include Space Lab Technologies, Southwest Research Institute, postcards and seeds for Club for the Future, and multiple payloads for NASA including SPLICE to test future lunar landing technologies in support of the [[Artemis program]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Shepard Mission NS-13 Launch Updates |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-13-launch-updates |access-date=January 10, 2021 |website=Blue Origin |language=en |archive-date=September 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922141050/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-13-launch-updates |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!21
|January 14, 2021
|[[New Shepard 4]]
|350,858&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|Uncrewed qualification flight for NS4 rocket and "RSS First Step" capsule and maiden flight for NS4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin tests passenger accommodations on suborbital launch |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/01/14/blue-origin-new-shepard-ns-14/ |access-date=January 14, 2021 |website=Spaceflight Now |language=en |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114132630/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/01/14/blue-origin-new-shepard-ns-14/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!22
|April 14, 2021
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|348,753&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-15|NS-15]]'''. 2nd flight of NS4 with Astronaut Rehearsal. [[Gary Lai]], Susan Knapp, Clay Mowry, and Audrey Powers, all Blue Origin personnel, are "stand-in astronauts". Lai and Powers briefly get in.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dress Rehearsal Puts Blue Origin Closer to Human Spaceflight|url=https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/dress-rehearsal-puts-blue-origin-closer-to-human-spaceflight/|access-date=April 15, 2021|website=spacepolicyonline.com|language=en|archive-date=April 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419145115/https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/dress-rehearsal-puts-blue-origin-closer-to-human-spaceflight/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!23
|July 20, 2021
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|351,210&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-16|NS-16]]'''. First crewed flight. Crew: [[Jeff Bezos]], [[Mark Bezos]], [[Wally Funk]], and [[Oliver Daemen]].<ref name="Verge NS 16">{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/20/22582735/blue-origin-jeff-bezos-space-launch-landing|title=Blue Origin successfully sends Jeff Bezos and three others to space and back|last=Roulette|first=Joey|date=July 20, 2021|publisher=[[The Verge]]|language=English|access-date=June 19, 2022|archive-date=July 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720132437/https://www.theverge.com/2021/7/20/22582735/blue-origin-jeff-bezos-space-launch-landing|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!24
|August 26, 2021<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Blue Origin|user=blueorigin|number=1430903439064584207|title=Capsule, touchdown! A wholly successful payload mission for New Shepard. A huge congrats to the entire Blue Origin team on another successful flight.|date=August 26, 2021}}</ref>
|[[New Shepard 3]] ♺
|347,434&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-17|NS-17]]'''. Payload mission consisting of 18 commercial payloads inside the crew capsule, a NASA lunar landing technology demonstration installed on the exterior of the booster and an art installation installed on the exterior of the crew capsule.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Shepard Payload Mission NS-17 to Fly NASA Lunar Landing Experiment and Art Installation|url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-17-launch-updates|publisher=Blue Origin|access-date=August 18, 2021|archive-date=August 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818173530/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-mission-ns-17-launch-updates|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!25
|October 13, 2021
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|341,434&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-18|NS-18]]'''. Second crewed flight. Crew: [[Audrey Powers]], Chris Boshuizen, [[Glen de Vries]], and [[William Shatner]].<ref name="WSJ NS 18">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-set-to-send-william-shatner-to-edge-of-space-11634117401|title=William Shatner Goes to Space on Blue Origin's Second Human Flight|last=Maidenberg|first=Micah|date=October 13, 2021|newspaper=[[Wall Street Journal]]|language=English|access-date=June 19, 2022|archive-date=June 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617230220/https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-set-to-send-william-shatner-to-edge-of-space-11634117401|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!26
|December 11, 2021
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|351,050&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-19|NS-19]]'''. Third crewed flight. Crew: Laura Shepard Churchley, [[Michael Strahan]], [[Dylan Taylor (executive)|Dylan Taylor]], Evan Dick, [[Lane Bess]], and Cameron Bess.<ref name="NSF NS 19">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/ns-19/|title=Blue Origin launches NS-19 with full passenger complement|last=Beil|first=Adrian|date=December 11, 2021|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|language=English|access-date=June 19, 2022|archive-date=June 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615072316/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/ns-19/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!27
|March 31, 2022
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|351,050&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-20|NS-20]]'''. Fourth crewed flight. Crew: Marty Allen, Sharon Hagle, Marc Hagle, [[Jim Kitchen]], George Nield, and [[Gary Lai]].<ref name="Space.com NS 20">{{cite web|url=https://www.space.com/pete-davidson-replacement-blue-origin-spaceflight|title=Pete Davidson's spaceflight replacement is Blue Origin's Gary Lai|last=Wall|first=Mike|date=March 21, 2022|publisher=Space.com|language=English|access-date=June 19, 2022|archive-date=May 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521103417/https://www.space.com/pete-davidson-replacement-blue-origin-spaceflight|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!28
|June 4, 2022
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|351,050&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-21|NS-21]]'''. Fifth crewed flight. Crew: Evan Dick, [[Katya Echazarreta]], [[Hamish Harding]], Victor Correa Hespanha, [[Jaison Robinson]], and [[Victor Vescovo]].<ref name="BO NS 21">{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=60093|title=New Shepard Mission NS-21 to Fly Six Customer Astronauts, Including First Mexican-Born Woman to Visit Space|date=May 9, 2022|publisher=Blue Origin|access-date=June 19, 2022}}{{dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
!29
|August 4, 2022
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|351,050&nbsp;ft (66&nbsp;mi)
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-22|NS-22]]'''. Sixth crewed flight. Crew: [[Coby Cotton]], [[Mário Ferreira]], [[Vanessa O'Brien]], Clint Kelly III, [[Sara Sabry]], and Steve Young.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Egyptian and Portuguese Astronauts to join Dude Perfect Cofounder on New Shepard's 22nd Flight |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-ns-22-mission-announcement |access-date=July 25, 2022 |website=Blue Origin |language=en-US |archive-date=July 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725001844/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-ns-22-mission-announcement/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!30
|September 12, 2022
|[[New Shepard 3]] ♺
|37,402&nbsp;ft (7&nbsp;mi)
|{{Failure}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-23|NS-23]]'''. Uncrewed flight with commercial payloads onboard. A booster failure triggered the [[launch escape system]] during flight, and the capsule landed successfully. The Blue Origin incident investigation found that a thermal-structural failure occurred on the BE-3 nozzle leading to the launch failure.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blue Origin NS-23 Findings |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/ns-23-findings |website=Blue Origin News |access-date=August 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531200911/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/ns-23-findings |archive-date=May 31, 2023}}</ref>
|-
!31
|December 19, 2023
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|{{cvt|351248|ft|km mi|order=out}}
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-24|NS-24]]'''. Successful return to flight mission following failure of NS-23 more than a year prior. 33 payloads and 38,000 Club for the Future postcards from students around the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Shepard's 24th Mission Will Carry 33 Science Payloads to Space |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-ns-24-mission-announcement |access-date=December 17, 2023 |website=Blue Origin |language=en-US |archive-date=December 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216183419/https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-ns-24-mission-announcement |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!32
|19 May 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Shepard's 25th Mission Includes America's First Black Astronaut Candidate |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-shepard-ns-25-mission-announcement |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Blue Origin |language=en-US |archive-date=May 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517151039/https://www.blueorigin.com/fr-FR/news/new-shepard-ns-25-mission-announcement |url-status=live }}</ref>
|[[New Shepard 4]] ♺
|c. 106&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web |first=Jeff |last=Foust |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-resumes-crewed-new-shepard-suborbital-flights/ |title=Blue Origin resumes crewed New Shepard suborbital flights |date= May 19, 2024 }}</ref>
|{{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-25|NS-25]]'''. Seventh crewed New Shepard flight. Crew of six included: [[Kenneth Hess]], Sylvain Chiron, Mason Angel, [[Ed Dwight]], Carol Schaller, Gopi Thotakura
|-
! 33
| 29 August 2024
| [[New Shepard 4]] ♺
| Capsule {{cvt|105.3|km}}
| {{Success}}
| '''[[Blue Origin NS-26|NS-26]]'''. Eighth crewed New Shepard flight. Crew of six included: Ephraim Rabin, Nicolina Elrick, Eugene Grin, Rob Ferl, Karsen Kitchen, [[Eiman Jahangir]]
|-
! 34
| 23 October 2024
| [[New Shepard#New Shepard 5|New Shepard 5]]
| Capsule {{cvt|101|km}}
| {{Success}}
| '''[[Blue Origin NS-27|NS-27]]'''. . First flight of Propulsion Module [[New Shepard#New Shepard 5|NS5]] and capsule RSS ''Kármán Line''. 12 payloads and tens of thousands of Club for the Future postcards.
|-
! 35
| 22 November 2024
| [[New Shepard 4]] ♺
| Capsule {{cvt|105.3|km}}
| {{Success}}
| '''[[Blue Origin NS-28|NS-28]]'''. Ninth crewed New Shepard flight. Crew of six included: [[Emily Calandrelli]], [[Sharon Hagle]], [[Marc Hagle]], Austin Litteral, James (J.D.) Russell, Henry (Hank) Wolfond
|-
!36
|14 April 2025
|[[New Shepard 5]]
| 346,802&nbsp;ft (65.7&nbsp;mi)
| {{Success}}
|'''[[Blue Origin NS-31|NS-31]]'''. Eleventh crewed flight. Crew of six included: [[Aisha Bowe]], [[Amanda Nguyen]], [[Gayle King]], [[Katy Perry]], [[Kerianne Flynn]], and [[Lauren Sánchez]]
|}

== NASA partnerships and funding ==
The company has contracted to do work for [[NASA]] on several development efforts. The company was awarded $3.7 million in funding by [[NASA]] in 2009 via a [[Space Act Agreement]]<ref name="nasa20131205a">{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin Space Act Agreement |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/471971main_NNJ10TA02S_blue_origin_SAA_R.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122080728/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/471971main_NNJ10TA02S_blue_origin_SAA_R.pdf |archive-date=November 22, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Nasa.gov}}</ref><ref name="nasa20131205b">{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin Space Act Agreement, Amendment One |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/471970main_NNJ10TA02S_blue_origin_amend_1_r.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122080736/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/471970main_NNJ10TA02S_blue_origin_amend_1_r.pdf |archive-date=November 22, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> under the [[CCDev1|first]] [[Commercial Crew Development]] (CCDev) program for development of concepts and technologies to support future human [[spaceflight]] operations.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 1, 2010 |title=NASA Selects Commercial Firms to Begin Development of Crew Transportation Concepts and Technology Demonstrations for Human Spaceflight Using Recovery Act Funds |work=press release |publisher=NASA |url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/feb/HQ_C10-004_Commercia_Crew_Dev.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203061828/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/feb/HQ_C10-004_Commercia_Crew_Dev.html |archive-date=February 3, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Foust |first=Jeff |title=Blue Origin proposes orbital vehicle |url=http://www.newspacejournal.com/2010/02/18/blue-origin-proposes-orbital-vehicle/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426234819/http://www.newspacejournal.com/2010/02/18/blue-origin-proposes-orbital-vehicle/ |archive-date=April 26, 2015 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Newspacejournal.com}}</ref> [[NASA]] co-funded risk-mitigation activities related to ground testing of (1) an innovative 'pusher' escape system, that lowers cost by being reusable and enhances safety by avoiding the jettison event of a traditional 'tractor' Launch Escape System, and (2) an innovative composite pressure vessel cabin that both reduces weight and increases safety of astronauts.<ref name="nasa20131205a" /> This was later revealed to be a part of a larger system, designed for a bionic capsule, that would be launched atop an [[Atlas V]] rocket.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aiaa.org/pdf/industry/presentations/Lindenmoyer_C3PO.pdf |title=Commercial Crew and Cargo Program |website=www.aiaa.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610062208/http://www.aiaa.org/pdf/industry/presentations/Lindenmoyer_C3PO.pdf |archive-date=June 10, 2010}}</ref> On November 8, 2010, it was announced that the company had completed all milestones under its CCDev Space Act Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commercial Crew Development (CCDev) Round One Companies Have Reached Substantial Hardware Milestones in Only 9 Months, New Images and Data Show |url=http://www.commercialspaceflight.org/Other%20Content/High-Resolution%20Version%20-%20CCDev%20Significant%20Hardware%20Milestones%20Reached%20-%20Nov%208%202010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421132450/http://www.commercialspaceflight.org/Other%20Content/High-Resolution%20Version%20-%20CCDev%20Significant%20Hardware%20Milestones%20Reached%20-%20Nov%208%202010.pdf |archive-date=April 21, 2012 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Commercialspaceflight.com }}</ref>

In April 2011, The company received a commitment from [[NASA]] for $22 million of funding under the [[CCDev2|CCDev phase 2 program]].<ref name="aw20110422">{{Cite news |last=Morring |first=Frank Jr. |date=April 22, 2011 |title=Five Vehicles Vie To Succeed Space Shuttle |work=Aviation Week |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/awst/2011/04/25/AW_04_25_2011_p24-313867.xml&headline=Five%20Vehicles%20Vie%20To%20Succeed%20Space%20Shuttle |url-status=dead |access-date=February 23, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221070704/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news%2Fawst%2F2011%2F04%2F25%2FAW_04_25_2011_p24-313867.xml&headline=Five%20Vehicles%20Vie%20To%20Succeed%20Space%20Shuttle |archive-date=December 21, 2011 |quote=''the CCDev-2 awards...and went to Blue Origin, Boeing, Sierra Nevada Corp. and Space Exploration Technologies Inc. (SpaceX).''}}</ref> Milestones included (1) performing a Mission Concept Review (MCR) and System Requirements Review (SRR) on the orbital Space Vehicle, which utilizes a bionic shape to optimize its launch profile and atmospheric reentry, (2) further maturing the pusher escape system, including ground and flight tests, and (3) accelerating development of its BE-3 LOX/LH2 {{Cvt|100,000|lbf|kN|lk=on|order=flip}} engine through full-scale thrust chamber testing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin CCDev 2 Space Act Agreement |url=http://procurement.ksc.nasa.gov/documents/NNK11MS02S_SAA_BlueOrigin_04-18-2011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215051509/http://procurement.ksc.nasa.gov/documents/NNK11MS02S_SAA_BlueOrigin_04-18-2011.pdf |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Procurement.ksc.nasa.gov}}</ref>

In 2012, [[NASA]]'s Commercial Crew Program released its follow-on CCiCap solicitation for the development of crew delivery to [[International Space Station|ISS]] by 2017. The company did not submit a proposal for CCiCap, but reportedly continued work on its development program with private funding.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA announces $1.1B in support for a trio of spaceships |url=http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/03/13103192-nasa-announces-11-billion-in-support-for-a-trio-of-spaceships?lite |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529211209/http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/03/13103192-nasa-announces-11-billion-in-support-for-a-trio-of-spaceships?lite |archive-date=May 29, 2014 |access-date=December 5, 2013 |publisher=Cosmicclog.nbcnews.com}}</ref> The company had a failed attempt to lease a different part of the [[Space Coast]], when they submitted a bid in 2013 to lease [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|Launch Complex 39A]] (LC39A) at the [[Kennedy Space Center]] – on land to the north of, and adjacent to, [[Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral AFS]] – following [[NASA]]'s decision to lease the unused complex out as part of a bid to reduce annual operation and maintenance costs. The companies bid was for shared and non-exclusive use of the LC39A complex such that the launchpad was to have been able to interface with multiple [[Launch vehicle|vehicles]], and costs for using the launch pad were to have been shared across multiple companies over the term of the lease. One potential shared user in the companies proposed plan was [[United Launch Alliance]] (ULA). [[private spaceflight|Commercial use]] of the LC39A launch complex was awarded to [[SpaceX]], which submitted a bid for exclusive use of the launch complex to support their [[human spaceflight|crewed missions]].<ref name="os20130818">{{Cite news |last=Matthews |first=Mark K. |date=August 18, 2013 |title=Musk, Bezos fight to win lease of iconic NASA launchpad |work=Orlando Sentinel |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2013/08/18/musk-bezos-fight-to-win-lease-of-iconic-nasa-launchpad/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827223013/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013-08-18/news/os-fight-over-ksc-launchpad-20130818_1_spacex-elon-musk-christina-ra |archive-date=August 27, 2013}}</ref>

The company completed work for [[NASA]] on several small development contracts, receiving total funding of $25.7 million by 2013.<ref name="nasa20131205a" /><ref name="aw20110422" /> In September 2013 – before completion of the bid period, and before any public announcement by [[NASA]] of the results of the process – [[Florida Today]] reported that the company had filed a protest with the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S.]] [[Government Accountability Office|General Accounting Office (GAO)]] "over what it says is a plan by NASA to award an exclusive commercial lease to [[SpaceX]] for use of mothballed space shuttle launch pad 39A".<ref name="pa20130910" /> [[NASA]] had originally planned to complete the bid award and have the pad transferred by October 1, 2013, but the protest delayed a decision until the [[Government Accountability Office|U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO)]] reached a decision on the protest.<ref name="pa20130910">{{Cite news |last=Messier |first=Doug |date=September 10, 2013 |title=Blue Origin Files Protest Over Lease on Pad 39A |work=Parabolic Arc |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/09/09/49934/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 11, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925185437/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/09/09/49934/ |archive-date=September 25, 2013}}</ref><ref name="pa20131212" /> [[SpaceX]] said that they would be willing to support a multi-user arrangement for pad 39A.<ref name="sp20130921">{{Cite news |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=September 21, 2013 |title=A minor kerfuffle over LC-39A letters |work=Space Politics |url=http://www.spacepolitics.com/2013/09/20/a-minor-kerfuffle-over-lc-39a-letters/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925134552/http://www.spacepolitics.com/2013/09/20/a-minor-kerfuffle-over-lc-39a-letters/ |archive-date=September 25, 2013}}</ref> In December 2013, the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S.]] [[Government Accountability Office|General Accounting Office (GAO)]] denied the companies protest and sided with [[NASA]], which argued that the solicitation contained no preference on the use of the facility as either multi-use or single-use. "The [solicitation] document merely [asked] bidders to explain their reasons for selecting one approach instead of the other and how they would manage the facility".<ref name="pa20131212">{{Cite news |last=Messier |first=Doug |date=December 12, 2013 |title=Blue Origin Loses GAO Appeal Over Pad 39A Bid Process |work=Parabolic Arc |url=http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/12/12/blue-origin-loses-gao-appeal-pad-39a-bid-process/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216130603/http://www.parabolicarc.com/2013/12/12/blue-origin-loses-gao-appeal-pad-39a-bid-process/ |archive-date=December 16, 2013}}</ref> [[NASA]] selected the [[SpaceX]] proposal in late 2013 and signed a 20-year lease contract for Launch Pad 39A to [[SpaceX]] in April 2014.<ref name="ft20140415">{{Cite news |last=Dean |first=James |date=April 15, 2014 |title=With nod to history, SpaceX gets launch pad 39A OK |work=Florida Today |url=http://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2014/04/15/nod-history-spacex-gets-ok/7721971/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730193947/http://www.floridatoday.com/story/tech/science/space/2014/04/15/nod-history-spacex-gets-ok/7721971/ |archive-date=July 30, 2014}}</ref>

The company placed their first bid via the [[NASA]] Sustaining Lunar Development (SLD) competition to fund and develop a lunar lander capable of transporting [[astronaut]]s to and from the lunar surface. The Blue Origin led team called the "National Team" included, [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Northrop Grumman]], and [[Draper Laboratory|Draper]]. On April 30, 2020, the company and its partners won a $579 million contract to start developing and testing an integrated Human Landing System (HLS) for the [[Artemis program]] to return humans to the [[Moon]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheetz |first=Michael |date=April 30, 2020 |title=NASA awards contracts to Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk to land astronauts on the moon |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/30/nasa-selects-hls-lunar-lander-teams-blue-origin-spacex-dynetics.html |access-date=September 12, 2020 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=April 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430230903/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/30/nasa-selects-hls-lunar-lander-teams-blue-origin-spacex-dynetics.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Christian |first=Davenport |date=April 30, 2020 |title=Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk win contracts for spacecraft to land NASA astronauts on the moon |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/04/30/jeff-bezos-elon-musk-win-contracts-spacecraft-land-nasa-astronauts-moon/ |access-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-date=September 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910153807/https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/04/30/jeff-bezos-elon-musk-win-contracts-spacecraft-land-nasa-astronauts-moon/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the Blue Origin led team lost their first bid to work for [[NASA]]'s Artemis program and on April 16, 2021, [[NASA]] officially selected the [[SpaceX|Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX)]] to develop, test and build their version of the Human Landing System (HLS) for [[Artemis program|Artemis]] missions 2 (II), 3 (III) and 4 (IV).

In early 2021, the company received over $275 million from [[NASA]] for [[lunar lander]] projects and [[Sub-orbital spaceflight|sub-orbital]] research flights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=March 11, 2023 |title=NASA's economic impact report card for Washington state highlights Blue Origin |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2023/nasas-economic-impact-washington-blue-origin/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |website=GeekWire |language=en-US |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331115338/https://www.geekwire.com/2023/nasas-economic-impact-washington-blue-origin/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company then announced on December 6, 2022, that it had submitted a second bid via the [[NASA]] Sustaining Lunar Development (SLD) competition to fund and develop a second lunar lander capable for transporting [[astronaut]]s to and from the lunar surface. The announcement fell within [[NASA]]'s deadline for Sustaining Lunar Development (SLD) proposals. As with their first bid, the company is leading another team called the "National Team" which includes [[Draper Laboratory|Draper]], [[Boeing]], [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Astrobotic Technology|Astrobotic]], [[Honeybee Robotics]] and Blue Origin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=December 7, 2022 |title=Blue Origin and Dynetics bidding on second Artemis lunar lander |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-and-dynetics-bidding-on-second-artemis-lunar-lander/ |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232145/https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-and-dynetics-bidding-on-second-artemis-lunar-lander/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On May 19, 2023 [[NASA]] contracted the company to develop, test and deploy its Blue Moon landing system for the agency's [[Artemis V]] mission, which explores the [[Moon]] and prepares future crewed missions to [[Mars]]. The project includes an uncrewed test mission followed by a crewed [[Moon]] landing in 2029. The contract value is $3.4 billion.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="cnbc.com" />

== Internal and additional U.S Government funding ==
By July 2014, [[Jeff Bezos]] had invested over $500{{nbsp}}million into the company.<ref name="sn20140718">{{Cite news |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=July 18, 2014 |title=Bezos Investment in Blue Origin Exceeds $500M |publisher=Space News |url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/civil-space/41299bezos-investment-in-blue-origin-exceeds-500-million |url-status=dead |access-date=July 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140719021511/http://www.spacenews.com/article/civil-space/41299bezos-investment-in-blue-origin-exceeds-500-million |archive-date=July 19, 2014}}</ref> and the vast majority of further funding into 2016 was to support [[new product development|technology development]] and operations where a majority of funding came from [[Jeff Bezos]]' [[private investment fund]]. In April 2017, an annual amount was published showing that [[Jeff Bezos]] was selling approximately $1{{nbsp}}billion in [[Amazon.com|Amazon]] stock per year to [[Private equity|invest]] in the company.<ref name="nyt20170405">{{Cite news |last=St. Fleur |first=Nicholas |date=April 5, 2017 |title=Jeff Bezos Says He was Selling $1B a Year in Amazon Stock to Finance Race to Space |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/05/science/blue-origin-rocket-jeff-bezos-amazon-stock.html?_r=0 |url-status=live |access-date=April 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407064024/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/05/science/blue-origin-rocket-jeff-bezos-amazon-stock.html?_r=0 |archive-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref> [[Jeff Bezos]] has been criticized for spending excessive amounts of his fortune on [[spaceflight]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rocket fire of the vanities: Bezos space trip brings criticism from Earth-bound philanthropists-The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/07/20/business/rocket-fire-vanities-bezos-space-trip-brings-criticism-earth-bound-philanthropists/ |website=BostonGlobe.com |access-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917012405/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/07/20/business/rocket-fire-vanities-bezos-space-trip-brings-criticism-earth-bound-philanthropists/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company received $181 million from the United States Air Force for launch vehicle development in 2019. The company was also eligible to benefit from further grants totaling $500M as part of the U.S. Space Force [[National Security Space Launch#Next generation vehicle competition|Launch Services Agreement competition]].<ref name="sn20190408">{{Cite news |last=Erwin |first=Sandra |date=April 8, 2019 |title=Blue Origin urging Air Force to postpone launch competition |work=SpaceNews.com |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-urging-air-force-to-postpone-launch-competition/ |access-date=October 19, 2019 |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232156/https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-urging-air-force-to-postpone-launch-competition/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 18, 2022, the [[Space Systems Command|U.S. Space Systems Command]] announced that an agreement with the company that "paves the way" for the company's [[New Glenn]] [[rocket]] to compete for [[national security]] launch contracts once it completes its required flight certifications for [[Classified information|Top Secret]] [[military]] payloads.

In an interview with Bob Smith by the financial Times in 2023, Smith said that the company had "hundreds of millions in revenue as well as billions of dollars in orders".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hollinger |first=Peggy |date=July 3, 2023 |title=Blue Origin looks to expand beyond US with international launch site |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/886d8638-8f38-404f-882c-50e358c5509c |access-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703100812/https://www.ft.com/content/886d8638-8f38-404f-882c-50e358c5509c |url-status=live }}</ref>

The company is part of the [[DARPA lunar programs|DARPA Lunar Programs]], specifically Luna10, an architecture study for lunar surface operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Space Review: Architecting lunar infrastructure |url=https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4796/1 |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=www.thespacereview.com |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527092406/https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4796/1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Early test vehicles ==

=== Charon ===
[[File:Blue Origin Charon Test Vehicle - Flickr - brewbooks.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|''Charon'' on display at the [[Museum of Flight]] in Seattle, Washington.]]
The company's first flight test vehicle, called ''[[Charon (moon)|Charon]]'' after [[Pluto]]'s moon,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |title=Amazon.com billionaire's 5-ton flying jetpack lands in Seattle museum |url=http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/05/24/11862569-amazoncom-billionaires-5-ton-flying-jetpack-lands-in-seattle-museum?lite |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203081705/http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/05/24/11862569-amazoncom-billionaires-5-ton-flying-jetpack-lands-in-seattle-museum?lite |archive-date=February 3, 2017 |access-date=February 2, 2017 |website=NBC News}}</ref> was powered by four vertically mounted [[Armstrong Siddeley Viper|Rolls-Royce Viper Mk. 301]] jet engines rather than rockets. The low-altitude vehicle was developed to test autonomous guidance and control technologies, and the processes that the company would use to develop its later rockets. ''Charon'' made its only test flight at Moses Lake, Washington on March 5, 2005. It flew to an altitude of {{Cvt|316|ft||order=flip}} before returning for a controlled landing near the liftoff point.<ref name="Blue Origin Charon Test Vehicle">{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin Charon Test Vehicle |url=http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/charon-test-vehicle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324015036/http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/charon-test-vehicle |archive-date=March 24, 2013 |access-date=March 4, 2013 |publisher=The Museum of Flight}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin's Original Charon Flying Vehicle Goes on Display at The Museum of Flight |url=http://www.museumofflight.org/news/blue-origins-original-charon-flying-vehicle-goes-display-museum-flight |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328144750/http://www.museumofflight.org/news/blue-origins-original-charon-flying-vehicle-goes-display-museum-flight |archive-date=March 28, 2013 |access-date=March 4, 2013 |publisher=The Museum of Flight}}</ref> As of 2016, Charon is on display at the [[Museum of Flight]] in Seattle, Washington.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin Charon Test Vehicle |url=http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/charon-test-vehicle |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324015036/http://www.museumofflight.org/aircraft/charon-test-vehicle |archive-date=March 24, 2013 |access-date=August 6, 2016 |publisher=Museum of Flight}}</ref>

=== Goddard ===
The next test vehicle, named ''[[Blue Origin Goddard|Goddard]]'' (also known as PM1), first flew on November 13, 2006. The flight was successful. A test flight for December 2 never launched.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=November 28, 2006 |title=Blue Origin Rocket Report |url=http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2006/11/28/16017.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415154004/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2006/11/28/16017.aspx |archive-date=April 15, 2008 |access-date=May 28, 2008 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Alan |date=December 2, 2006 |title=Blue Alert For Blastoff |url=http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2006/12/02/16849.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507171757/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2006/12/02/16849.aspx |archive-date=May 7, 2008 |access-date=May 28, 2008 |publisher=[[MSNBC]]}}</ref> According to [[Federal Aviation Administration]] records, two further flights were performed by Goddard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Launches |url=https://www.faa.gov/data_research/commercial_space_data/launches/?type=Permitted |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421174346/https://www.faa.gov/data_research/commercial_space_data/launches/?type=Permitted |archive-date=April 21, 2019 |access-date=April 4, 2019 |website=www.faa.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> Blue Engine 1, or BE-1, was the first rocket engine developed by the company and was used in the company's [[Blue Origin Goddard|Goddard]] development vehicle.

=== PM2 ===
Another early suborbital test vehicle, PM2, had two flight tests in 2011 in west Texas. The vehicle designation may be short for "Propulsion Module".<ref name="nsj20110902">{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin has a bad day (and so do some of the media) |url=http://www.newspacejournal.com/2011/09/02/blue-origin-has-a-bad-day-and-so-do-some-of-the-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126001453/http://www.newspacejournal.com/2011/09/02/blue-origin-has-a-bad-day-and-so-do-some-of-the-media/ |archive-date=January 26, 2012 |access-date=September 3, 2011}}</ref> The first flight was a short hop (low altitude, VTVL takeoff and landing mission) flown on May 6, 2011. The second flight, August 24, 2011, failed when ground personnel lost contact and control of the vehicle. The company released its analysis of the failure nine days later. As the vehicle reached a speed of [[Mach number|Mach]] 1.2 and {{convert|14|km|ft|abbr=on}} altitude, a "flight instability drove an [[angle of attack]] that triggered [the] [[Range Safety and Telemetry System|range safety system]] to terminate thrust on the vehicle". The vehicle was lost.<ref name="PM2">{{cite news |date=September 12, 2011 |title=Blue Origin Acknowledges Test Flight Failure |publisher=Space News |url=https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-acknowledges-test-flight-failure/ |access-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-date=July 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232705/https://spacenews.com/blue-origin-acknowledges-test-flight-failure/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Blue Engine 2, or BE-2, was a [[turbopump|pump-fed]] bipropellant engine burning [[RP-1|kerosene]] and [[High-test peroxide|peroxide]] which produced {{convert|31000|lbf|kN||abbr=on|order=flip}} of thrust.<ref name="BlueEngines">{{Cite web |title=Blue Origin Engines |url=https://www.blueorigin.com/engines |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140938/https://www.blueorigin.com/engines |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |access-date=May 15, 2018 |publisher=Blue Origin}}</ref><ref name="BlueEngineChart">{{Cite tweet|number=972501472440213504|user=jeff_foust|title=Rob Meyerson shows this chart of the various engines Blue Origin has developed and the vehicle that have used, or will use, them. #spaceexploration|date=March 10, 2018}}</ref> Five BE-2 engines powered the company's PM-2 development vehicle on two test flights in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter |date=April 29, 2018 |title=New Shepard |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/new-shepard.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516015221/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_fam/new-shepard.htm |archive-date=May 16, 2018 |access-date=May 15, 2018 |website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Billionaire space race]], Blue Origin vs. [[SpaceX]] vs. [[Virgin Galactic]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Blue Origin}}
{{Jeff Bezos}}
{{Space tourism}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Blue Origin| ]]
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[[Category:Aerospace companies of the United States]]
[[Category:American companies established in 2000]]
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[[Category:Privately held companies based in Washington (state)]]
[[Category:Private spaceflight companies]]
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