Editing Book and Snake

{{Short description|Secret society at Yale University, US}}
{{Infobox fraternity
| name = Book and Snake
| crest = Book and Snake crest.png
| founded = {{start date and years ago|1863|11|17}}
| birthplace = [[Sheffield Scientific School]], [[Yale College]]
| member badge = [[File:Members_pin_of_the_Book_and_Snake_Club.jpg]]
| affiliation = Independent
| type = Senior society
| emphasis = 
| scope = Local
| nickname = Cloister<br />Cloister Club
| chapters = 1
| address = 145 High Street
| city = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]
| state = [[Connecticut]]
| ZIP code = 06511
| country = United States
| free = Sigma Delta Chi Society
| free_label = Former name
| website = 
| status = Active
}}
'''Book and Snake''' or '''The Society of''' '''Book and Snake''' is a [[secret society]] for seniors at [[Yale University]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-06 |title=Yale Has More Secret Societies Than You Realize. Here's The History |url=https://www.grunge.com/1273426/yale-more-secret-societies-than-realize-history/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Grunge |language=en-US}}</ref> It was established in 1863 and is the fourth-oldest secret society at Yale.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2017-06-02 |title=The Occult Architecture of Yale University´s "Book & Snake" Secret Society |url=https://www.richardcassaro.com/occult-architecture-yale-universitys-book-snake-secret-society/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Richard Cassaro |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12" />  Current NASA administrator [[Bill Nelson]] is a noted alumnus.

== History ==
[[File:Book_and_Snake_1888_delegation_Yale_College.jpg|thumb|Book and Snake 1888 delegation ]]
'''Sigma Delta Chi Society''' was established by students at the [[Sheffield Scientific School]] of [[Yale College]] on November 17, 1863, as a three-year society.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Stone Trust Corporation. - Social Networks and Archival Context |url=https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6j189fq |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=SNAC Cooperative}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth. IV. View [index.html] for frames version |url=http://www.dartmo.com/halls/hallscontent4.html |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=www.Dartmoor.com}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite book |last=Havemeyer |first=Loomis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgRPAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Book+and+Snake%22+-wikipedia |title=Sheff Days and Ways: Undergraduate Activities in the Sheffield Scientific School Yale University, 1847-1945 |date=1958 |page=55 |language=en |via=Google Books}}</ref> The society secured rooms on the top floor of a building on College Street and Chapel Street where they held weekly meetings.<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=Havemeyer |first=Loomis |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/304683561.pdf |title=Yale's Extracurricular & Social Organizations, 1780-1960 |date=January 1961 |publisher=Yale University |location=New Haven |page=1 |access-date=July 6, 2023 |via=EilScholar (Yale University)}}</ref> When it outgrew that space, the society moved to the top floor of 953 Chapel Street.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":19" />

In 1876, the society incorporated in Connecticut as the Stone Trust Corporation so that it could own property and hold money.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Tombs and Taps, An inside look at Yale's Fraternities, Sororities and Societies |url=https://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/Tombs_and_Taps.htm |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=www.conspiracy archive.com}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Collection: Stone Trust Corporation, Yale University, records |url=https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/2839 |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Archives at Yale}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite book |last=Richards |first=David Alan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYYyDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Book+and+Snake%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT531 |title=Skulls and Keys: The Hidden History of Yale's Secret Societies |date=2017-09-05 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-68177-581-4 |language=en |via=Google Books}}</ref> This name honored Lewis Bridge Stone, an early member of the society.<ref name=":18" /> On campus, Sigma Delta Chi changed its name to Book and Snake because its members did not want to be confused with a national fraternity; the group already had the nickname Book and Snake because of its pin.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |date=May 1888 |title=Epsilon Deuteron: Yale University |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Od8SAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Book+and+Snake%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA92 |journal=The Shield |publisher=Theta Delta Chi Fraternity |volume=4 |issue=2 |page=92 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name=":18" /> In addition, the society moved to 36 Elm Street and created the first social dormitory at Yale.<ref name=":13" /> Member [[John Hays Hammond]] named the dormitory Cloister.<ref name=":18" />
[[File:Cloister_Hall_of_the_Society_of_Book_and_Snake,_Yale_University,_circa_1900.jpg|thumb|Cloister Hall, circa 1900]]
Because its house was called Cloister, the society received the nickname '''Cloister Club'''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Milstein |first=Larry |date=2015-09-02 |title=Warner House Sees Shake-Up |url=https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2015/09/02/warner-house-sees-shake-up/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Yale Daily News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":16" /> The Cloister Club grew to include those who lived at the Cloister, alumni of the society, and honorary members.<ref name=":8" /> In 1888, Book and Snake built Cloister Hall, a combined chapter house and dormitory at 1 Hillhouse Avenue, at Grove Street.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite news |date=1900-08-08 |title=Yale University |pages=5 |work=Boston Evening Transcript |location=Boston, Massachusetts |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boston-evening-transcript-yale-universit/127766459/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

Like other landed Yale societies, Book and Snake built a meeting hall or "tomb" in 1901 that is only accessible to members and alumni.<ref name=":13" /> The tomb cost $81,000, including $10,000 for its lot.<ref name=":18" /> The society enlarged its dormitory in 1917.<ref name=":13" /> However, when Yale started its [[residential college]] system in 1933, Book and Snake sold Cloister Hall to the university.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite news |last=Strahan |first=Derek |date=2019-08-16 |title=The Cloister, New Haven, Connecticut |language=en-US |work=Lost New England |url=https://lostnewengland.com/2019/08/the-cloister-new-haven-connecticut/ |access-date=2023-07-07}}</ref> Book and Snake also converted to a senior society in 1933.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8" />

In 1987, Book and Snake alumni created the Arthur Greer Memorial Prize for Outstanding Scholarly Publication or Research at Yale to honor Arthur Greer, Yale class of 1926.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |title=Greer Prize Given to Shapiro |url=https://economics.yale.edu/news/171004/greer-prize-given-shapiro |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Yale Department of Economics |language=en}}</ref> Given to one or two junior faculty members annually, the Greer Award comes with funding for future research and is one of Yale's highest honors.<ref name=":20" />

In 1999, the Stone Trust Corporation's assets totaled $2,474,165.<ref name=":4" /> In 2016, ''[[Business Insider]]'' ranked Book and Snake as the third wealthiest secret society at Yale, with $5,619,120 in assets.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Abby |date=January 5, 2016 |title=7 of Yale's super-elite secret societies ranked by wealth |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/yales-wealthiest-secret-societies-2015-12 |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> According to the ''[[Yale Daily News]]'', the society "has a party reputation, with a large number of athletes and fraternity and sorority members."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |date=2002-06-30 |title=Secret societies: tombs and tradition |url=https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2002/06/30/secret-societies-tombs-and-tradition/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Yale Daily News |language=en}}</ref>

== Symbols and traditions ==
Book and Snake uses a mix of ancient and esoteric symbols with meanings known only to its members.<ref name=":6" /> Its Tomb is said to be "the perpetual attempt of establishing an official perfect order on earth, a sort of platonic reflection of heavenly secret societies."<ref name=":18" />

In the Sigma Delta Chi era, the group's symbol was a jawless skull that was chained to a cross.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |title=Fleshing Out Skull & Bones: Investigations into America's Most Powerful Secret Society |publisher=Trine Day |year=2003 |isbn=978-0972020725 |editor-last=Millegan |editor-first=Kris |pages=410–411 |language=en}}</ref> The Book and Snake's original badge was an open book displaying the Greek letters '''ΣΔΧ''' surrounded by a coiled serpent.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Baird |first1=Wm Raimond |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007393856 |title=Baird's manual of American college fraternities; a descriptive analysis of the fraternity system in the colleges of the United States, with a detailed account of each fraternity. |last2=Brown |first2=James Taylor |date=1923 |publisher=James T. Brown, editor and publisher. |edition=10th |location=New York |page=716 |via=Hathi Trust}}</ref> It was worn on the member's tie.<ref name=":15" /> The modern version of this pin is an open book with an [[ouroboros]] on top, and no Greek letters.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=14k 1895 Yale Book and Snake Society Sigma Delta Chi {{!}} #77059532 |url=https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/14k-1895-yale-book-snake-society-77059532 |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Worthpoint |language=en}}</ref> It is made of gold and is {{Convert|1/2 by 1/2|in|cm}} in size.<ref name=":10" />

Each member of Book and Snake has a pewter or glass [[tankard]] that hangs on a hook in the Tomb's dining room, ready for whenever they return.<ref name=":10" /> When a member dies, their tankard is broken or pierced through its bottom.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Beach |first=Randall |date=2012-09-29 |title=Come with us for a rare glimpse into the mysterious secrets within the walls of Yale's 'tombs' (photos) |url=https://www.nhregister.com/news/article/RANDALL-BEACH-Come-with-us-for-a-rare-glimpse-11441094.php |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=New Haven Register |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":10" />

== Buildings ==
[[File:Yale-book-and-snake.jpg|thumb|Book and Snake Tomb, 2005]]The Book and Snake Tomb is at the corner of Grove Street and High Street in [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], adjacent to the [[Yale Law School]] and the [[Beinecke Plaza]]. The Tomb was deliberately sited with its back to campus and faces across the street to the Egyptian-revival gates of the [[Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven|Grove Street Cemetery]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ball |first1=Molly |last2=Bell |first2=Emily |date=2016-05-02 |title=Behind the walls of Yale's secret societies {{!}} Summer 1998 |url=http://www.yaleherald.com/archive/frosh/1998/blue/secret.html |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=The Yale Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502214202/http://www.yaleherald.com/archive/frosh/1998/blue/secret.html |archive-date=2016-05-02 |via=web.archive.org}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":16" /> The Tomb was designed in [[Ionic order|Greek Ionic]] style by [[Louis R. Metcalfe]] and completed in 1901.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":13" /> It is supposed to be the finest replica of a Greek temple in the United States.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Khederian |first=Robert |date=2018-06-21 |title=Tomb raiders: The clubhouses of Yale's secret societies |url=https://archive.curbed.com/2018/6/21/17484316/yale-secret-society-tomb-history-skull-bones |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Curbed |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> 

The windowless Tomb is built of solid white Vermont marble and has a roof of large marble tiles.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":11" /> It is {{convert|60|ft|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|42|ft|abbr=on}} wide, and {{convert|40|ft|m}} feet high, including two stories and a gable.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":17">{{Cite journal |date=September 1901 |title=News and Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WhATAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Book+and+Snake%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA229 |journal=The Record |publisher=Sigma Alpha Epsilon |volume=21 |issue=3 |page=229 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Its four [[Ionic pillar|Ionic pillars]], carved from marble, support a triangle-shaped pediment across its front.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":6" /> Its bronze (originally wooden) front door is modeled after the [[Erechtheion]] Temple on the [[Acropolis]] in [[Athens]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":18" /> 

The Tomb's alcove was built using steel–the first use of steel for a residence in the United States.<ref name=":18" /> Another of Metcalfe's innovations was using pipes to take the smoke from the Tomb's furnace to the chimney of a nearby commons building.<ref name=":18" /> The iron fence that surrounds the property features wrought-iron snakes or [[caduceus]] around posts shaped like flaming torches.<ref name=":6" /> In 2021, the society added the sculpture ''Aspire by'' Archie Held to its grounds.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Branch |first=Mark Alden |date=August 12, 2021 |title=Secrets revealed! |url=https://yalealumnimagazine.org/blog_posts/3697-secrets-revealed |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Yale Alumni Magazine |language=en}}</ref>

Previously, Book and Snake owned a chapter house and dormitory at [[Sheffield Scientific School]] known as the Cloister or Cloister Hall.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":16" /> [[H. Edwards Ficken]] designed the ornate [[brownstone]] Cloister which was completed in 1888.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":14" /> At the time, it was considered "one of the most picturesque buildings on the Yale campus."<ref name=":16" /> The society added a matching rear addition in 1915.<ref name=":14" /> Today, the building is called Warner House and is used for the Yale University graduate school and the Yale College Deans offices.<ref name=":14" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Graduate School Moved to Warner House |url=https://gsas.yale.edu/news/graduate-school-moved-warner-house |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Yale Graduate School of Arts & Sciences}}</ref> A plaque honoring the society is on the first floor of the building.

== Membership ==
Each year, Book and Snakes taps a delegation of sixteen members: eight men and eight women.<ref name=":10" /> It was the first secret society on campus to admit women and minorities.<ref name=":10" />[[File:Bill Nelson, official NASA photo.jpg|thumb| Bill Nelson]]

== Notable members ==
* [[Les Aspin]] (1960) – former Secretary of Defense<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Cox |first=Simon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXOQaxo3GUMC&q=Les+Aspin+book+and+snake%22&pg=PA48 |title=Decoding The Lost Symbol: The Unauthorized Expert Guide to the Facts Behind the Fiction |date=2009-11-03 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-4391-7261-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":18" />
* [[Ferdinand Lammot Belin Jr.|Ferdinand Lammot “Peter” Belin Jr.]] (1936) – survivor of the [[Hindenburg disaster|Hindenburg]], nephew of Mrs. [[Pierre S. du Pont|Pierre S. duPont]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Lammot "Peter" Belin, Jr. |url=https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/fire-ice-hindenburg-and-titanic-exhibition-survivors/ferdinand-lammot-%E2%80%9Cpeter%E2%80%9D-belin-jr |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Postal Museum, Smithsonian Institution |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reviello |first=Gia L. |date=2016-09-19 |title=Community Member Feature: F. Lammot "Peter" Belin Jr. |url=https://wcharchives.com/2016/09/19/community-member-feature-f-lammot-peter-belin-jr/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Waverly Community House Archives |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1935-05-11 |title=Mr. F. Lammot Belin Jr. of Washington, D.C. |pages=6 |work=The Morning News |location=Wilmington, Delaware |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-news-mr-f-lammot-belin-jr/127756723/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
* [[Thomas G. Bennett]] – president of [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company]]<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nHpKAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22Book+and+Snake%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA53 |title=Biographical Record, Classes from Eighteen Hundred and Sixty-eight to Eighteen Hundred and Seventy-two of the Sheffield Scientific School |date=1910 |publisher=Yale University Sheffield Scientific School |location=New Haven |pages=101 |language=en |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Times |first=Special to The New York |date=1926-05-15 |title=Bennett Quits Board of Winchester Arms; Former President Retires After 51 Years' Service -- Company Cuts Operation Loss. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1926/05/15/archives/bennett-quits-board-of-winchester-arms-former-president-retires.html |access-date=2023-07-07 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trevelyan |first=Laura |date=2016 |title=The Winchester - Legend of the West |url=https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/the-winchester-legend-of-the-west/introduction |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Bloomsbury Collections |pages=xiii–xxii |language=en |doi=10.5040/9781350989382.0006|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[John Vernou Bouvier III]] (1914) – father of [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bradford |first=Sarah |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bradford-queen.html?scp=14&sq=family%2520fortunes&st=cse |title=America's Queen, Chapter 1 |date=2000 |website= |isbn=0-670-89191-6 |access-date=2023-07-06 |via=The New York Times}}</ref>
* [[Nicholas F. Brady]] (1952)– former Secretary of the Treasury<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":12" />
* [[Bradford Brinton]] (1904) – machinery manufacturer and art collector<ref>''[http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1925_1952/1935-36.pdf Bulletin of Yale University: Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1935-1936]'' (PDF), 33, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University, 1936, pp. 165–6</ref>
* [[William T. Bull]] (1888)– college football player and physician
* [[Kathleen Cleaver]] (1984) – law professor and a founder of the Black Panthers.<ref name=":7" />
* Ethelbert Cooper – a Liberian energy magnate, [[Ethelbert Cooper Gallery of African & African American Art]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Xie |first=Alan R. |date=April 21, 2015 |title=At Crossroads: The Ethelbert Cooper Gallery |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2015/4/21/arts-cover-cooper-gallery/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethelbert Cooper |url=https://coopergallery.fas.harvard.edu/ethelbert-cooper |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=coopergallery.fas.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref>
* [[William Henry Crocker]] – banker<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ryder |first=David Warren |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OD9EAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Book+and+Snake%22+-wikipedia |title="Great Citizen": A Biography of William H. Crocker |date=1962 |publisher=Historical Publications |page=42 |language=en |via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[David Dellinger]] – pacifist and anti-war activist<ref name=":18" />
* [[Eddie Eagan]] (1921) – boxer, bobsledder, gold medalist in the Winter and Summer Olympics, boxing commissioner<ref>{{Cite news |date=1967-06-14 |title=Col. Eagan of Rye Dies in NYC at 69 |pages=1 |work=The Daily Item |location=Port Chester, New York |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-item-col-eagan-of-rye-dies-in/127755321/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
* [[Henry Ford II]] (1940) – former chairman and chief executive officer of the [[Ford Motor Company]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Phyfe |date=1940-03-13 |title=Henry Ford 2d, Industrialist's Grandson, Becomes Fiance of Miss Anne McDonnell |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/03/13/archives/henry-ford-2d-industrialists-grandson-becomes-fiance-of-miss-anne.html |access-date=2023-05-12 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[Henry Louis Gates Jr|Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr]]. (1973) – literary critic, historian, Harvard professor<ref>{{cite web |title=Inside Yale's Secret Societies &#124; the Harvard Voice |url=http://hvoicemag.com/2012/01/02/inside-yales-secret-societies/ |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221154620/http://hvoicemag.com/2012/01/02/inside-yales-secret-societies/ |archivedate=2013-12-21 |accessdate=2014-04-14}}</ref><ref name=":9" />
* [[Porter J. Goss]] (1960) – former director of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], U.S. Congressman<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Glass |first=Andrew |date=2007-01-23 |title=In Wilderness of Mirrors, Reflections Fade to Gray |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2007/01/in-wilderness-of-mirrors-reflections-fade-to-gray-002425 |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref>
* [[William A. Greene]] (1936) – head of the [[Crusade for Freedom]] campaign that funded [[Radio Free Europe]]<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1941/09/15/archives/anne-d-holt-engaged-to-philip-w-greene-graduate-of-masters-school.html "Anne D. Holt Engaged to Philip W. Greene; Graduate of Masters School to be Wed to Yale Alumnus"]. ''The New York Times''. September 15, 1941. p. 14</ref>
* [[John Campbell Greenway]] (1895) – General, U.S. Army, mining executive, husband of [[Isabella Greenway]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank Hinkey |url=https://www.frankhinkey.com/The-Vault.php |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=www.frankhinkey.com}}</ref>
* [[John Hays Hammond]] (1876) – [[mining engineer]], Ambassador to Great Britain<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" />
* [[Bill Nelson]] (1965) – [[NASA]] administrator, former United States Senator from Florida<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leary |first=Alex |date=September 22, 2017 |title=On the run with Sen. Bill Nelson, no signs of slowing down |url=https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/2017/09/22/on-the-run-with-sen-bill-nelson-no-signs-of-slowing-down/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=Tampa Bay Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Harry Gale Nye Jr.]] (1933) – industrialist, entrepreneur, and world champion sailor
* [[Charles Rivkin]] (1984) – former U.S. [[Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Francis |first1=Arthur Morius |title=Secret Societies Vol. 3: The Collegiate Secret Societies of America |date=February 20, 2015 |publisher=lulu.com |isbn=978-1312932852 |pages=34}}</ref><ref name=":9" />
* [[Ogden Reid]] (1949) – [[United States Ambassador to Israel|U.S. Ambassador to Israel]] and [[United States Representative]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 10, 1949 |title=Ogden Reid Weds Mary L. Stewart |language=en |page=53 |work=The New York Times |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.comhttp//timesmachine.content-tagging.us-east-1-01.prd.dvsp.nyt.net/timesmachine/1949/07/10/84273272.html?pageNumber=53 |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref>
* [[Samuel Reid Sutphin]] – vice president of the [[Scott Paper Company]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1933-11-01 |title=Sutphin Gets Honor |pages=11 |work=The Indianapolis Star |location=Indianapolis, Indiana |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-star-sutphin-gets-honor/127754393/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1988-05-27 |title=Samuel Sutphin, Scott Paper Executive, 76 |language=en-US |page=D19 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/27/obituaries/samuel-sutphin-scott-paper-executive-76.html |access-date=2023-07-06 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

* [[Bob Woodward]] (1965) – journalist, ''[[The Washington Post]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/13/fashion/jeff-himmelmans-new-biography-of-ben-bradlee.html?pagewanted=all|title = All the Protégé's Men|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 11 May 2012|last1 = Robbins|first1 = Alexandra}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Collegiate secret societies in North America]]
* [[Skull and Bones|Skull and Bones Society]]
* [[Scroll and Key|Scroll and Key Society]]
* [[Wolf's Head (secret society)|Wolf's Head Society]]
* [[Manuscript Society]]
* [[Berzelius (secret society)|Berzelius Society]]
* [[Aurelian Honor Society]]
* [[Brothers in Unity]]
* [[Myth and Sword]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/834140 Book and Snake founders (photo), Yale Archives]
* [https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-6309193 Book and Snake Society presentation bowl (photo), Christie's]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1863 establishments in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Secret societies at Yale]]
[[Category:Student organizations established in 1863]]
[[Category:Local fraternities and sororities]]
[[Category:Student societies in the United States]]
[[Category:Secret societies in the United States]]