Editing Booted warbler

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Booted Warbler - Kazakistan_S4E0786 (17330623545).jpg
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Iduna
| species = caligata
| authority = ([[Martin Lichtenstein|Lichtenstein]], 1823)
| synonyms = *''Sylvia caligata'' <small>Lichtenstein, 1823</small>
*''Hippolais caligata'' <small>(Lichtenstein, 1823)</small>
| range_map = Iduna caligata distribution map.png
| range_map_caption = Distribution of Booted Warbler {{leftlegend|#FFFF00|Summer Resident (Breeding)|outline=gray}} {{leftlegend|#0000FF|Winter Visitor (Non-breeding)|outline=gray}}
}}
The '''booted warbler''' ('''''Iduna caligata''''') is a species of [[passerine]] bird belonging to the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Acrocephalidae]], the reed and tree warblers. This species breeds in Eastern Europe and western Asia, wintering in south Asia. it is a regular [[Vagrancy (biology)|vagrant]] to Western Europe.

==Taxonomy==
The booted warbler was first formally [[Species description|described]] as ''Sylvia caligata'' by the German [[physician]], [[explorer]], [[botanist]] and [[zoologist]] [[Hinrich Lichtenstein|Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein]] with its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given as the [[Ilek (river)|Ilek River]], near [[Orenburg]]. This species is now classified in the genus ''[[Iduna (bird)|Iduna]]'', the tree warblers, within the family Acrocephalidae.<ref name = Avibase>{{cite web |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=1A6C6F17 |title=Booted Warbler ''Iduna caligata'' (Lichtenstein, MHC 1823) |access-date=23 April 2025 |publisher=Denis Lepage |website=Avibase}}</ref> All the "Old World warblers" were formerly classified within the [[wastebin taxon]] known as [[Sylviidae]] ''[[sensu lato]]'', but in the late 20th Century, molecular studies resulted in this taxon being divided into a number of families.<ref name = Helbig>{{cite journal |author1=Andreas J. Helbig |author2=Ingrid Seibold |title=Molecular Phylogeny of Palearctic–African ''Acrocephalus'' and ''Hippolais'' Warblers (Aves: Sylviidae) |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=11 |issue=2 |year=1999 |pages=246-260 |issn=1055-7903 |doi=10.1006/mpev.1998.0571}}</ref>

It was formerly considered to be conspecific with [[Sykes's warbler]], but the two are now usually both afforded species status.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.006|pmid=19393746| year=2009| title=Multi-locus phylogeny of the family Acrocephalidae (Aves: Passeriformes) – The traditional taxonomy overthrown|author1=Silke Fregin |author2=Martin Haase |author3=Urban Olsson |author4=Per Alström | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=52| issue=3| pages=866–878 |bibcode=2009MolPE..52..866F }}</ref> 

==Etymology==
The booted warbler belongs to the genus ''Iduna'' which was proposed by [[Alexander Keyserling]] and [[Johann Heinrich Blasius]] in 1840, but they gave no explanation of the genus name, though in [[Norse mythology]], [[Iðunn]], or Iduna, is the goddess of spring and fertility who was changed into a sparrow (or a nut) to enable her rescue by [[Loki]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/key-to-scientific-names-in-ornithology?name=Iduna|title = Birds of the World - Comprehensive life histories for all bird species and families| date=2024 }}</ref> The specific ''caligata'' is [[Latin]] for "booted" from ''caliga'', "boot".<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n84 84], 202 }}</ref>

==Description==
The booted warbler is a small species of warbler, similar in size to a [[common chiffchaff]]. It has an undistinguished plumage which is plain greyish brown on the upperparts and paler on the underparts. There is a clear, pale supercilium and a short bill with a dark tip. The [[Jizz (birding)|jizz]] shown is of a short-winged rather pot-bellied warbler with a square-tipped tail. This species and Sykes's warbler are challenging to identify.<ref name = eBird>{{cite web |url=https://ebird.org/species/boowar1 |title=Booted Warbler ''Iduna caligata'' |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=eBird.org |publisher=[[Cornell Lab of Ornithology]]}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
The booted warbler itself breeds from central [[Russia]] to western [[China]], and [[bird migration|migrates]] to winter in the [[Indian subcontinent]] as far south as [[Sri Lanka]]. Booted warbler has expanded its breeding range westward in recent decades and nests now as far west and north as [[Finland]].<ref name = Birdlife>{{cite web |url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/booted-warbler-iduna-caligata |title=Booted Warbler ''Iduna caligata'' |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=Birdlife Datazone |publisher=Birdlife International}}</ref>
 
This species is a regular vagrant to Western Europe with, for example, over 180 records in Great Britain up to 2023.<ref name = BBRC>{{cite journal |author=Louise Bacon |author2=Paul French |author3=British Birds Rarities Committee |display-authors=1 |title=Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2022 |journal=[[British Birds (magazine)|British Birds]] |volume=116| issue=October 2023 |pages=546-602}}</ref>

==Biology==
The booted warbler nests between May and early July, building a nest which is shaped like a cup and created from twigs, roots, stems and leaves, lined with feathers, animal hair and plant down. The nest is located on or close to the ground, or at a maximum height of 1 metre above the ground, hidden among dense undergrowth. It is mainly insectivorous.<ref name = Birdlife/>
 
==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Booted Warbler, Iduna caligata.jpg|Booted warbler seen in [[Udumalpet]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
File:Iduna caligata MHNT ZOO 2010 11 201 Pérowsk.jpg|Eggs of ''Iduna caligata'' [[MHNT]]
File:Booted warbler (Iduna caligata).jpg|Booted warbler (''Iduna caligata''), Palakkad, Kerala, India
</gallery>

==References==
{{Commons category|Iduna caligata}}
{{Wikispecies|Iduna caligata}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q757116}}

[[Category:Iduna (bird)|booted warbler]]
[[Category:Birds of Russia]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1823|booted warbler]]


{{Acrocephalidae-stub}}