Editing Boston Strangler

{{short description|Murderer of 13 women in the Boston area}}
{{About|the murderer|the 1968 film|The Boston Strangler (film){{!}}''The Boston Strangler'' (film)|the 2023 film|Boston Strangler (film){{!}}''Boston Strangler'' (film)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2013}}

The '''Boston Strangler''' is the name given to the murderer of 13 women in [[Greater Boston]] during the early 1960s. The crimes were attributed to [[Albert DeSalvo]] based on his confession, on details revealed in court during a separate case,<ref name=Angelinenews>{{cite news|last=Anglin|first=Robert J.|title=Albert DeSalvo is 'Boston Strangler'; Defense says he killed 13|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=January 13, 1967}}</ref> and [[DNA profiling|DNA evidence]] linking him to the final victim.<ref name="britannica/Boston-Strangler">{{cite web |title=Boston Strangler |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boston-Strangler |website=[[Britannica]] |access-date=16 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

In the years following DeSalvo's conviction – but prior to the emergence of this DNA evidence – various parties investigating the crimes suggested that the murders (sometimes referred to as the "Silk Stocking Murders") were committed by more than one person.<ref name="streiber/273/desalvo">{{cite web |title=Albert DeSalvo |url=http://www.fortunecity.com/roswell/streiber/273/desalvo_cf.htm |website=Case Files |publisher=Modus Operandi - Serial Killers |access-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000118205318/http://www.fortunecity.com/roswell/streiber/273/desalvo_cf.htm |archive-date=18 January 2000}}</ref>

==Names==
Initially, the crimes were assumed to be the work of one unknown person dubbed "The Mad Strangler of Boston".<ref name=Gardner>{{cite web|last=Gardner|first=Erle Stanley|title=The Mad Strangler of Boston|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/special-report/the-future-of-the-city/archive/2010/05/the-mad-strangler-of-boston/57108/|date=May 1, 1964|work=The Atlantic|access-date=June 27, 2012}}</ref> On July 8, 1962, the ''[[Boston Herald|Sunday Herald]]'' wrote that "[a] mad strangler is loose in Boston" in an article titled "Mad Strangler Kills Four Women in Boston".<ref name=MadStrangler>{{cite web|title=Mad Strangler Kills Four Women in Boston|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2229&dat=19620708&id=BAMzAAAAIBAJ&pg=1965,2258222|newspaper=Sunday Herald|access-date=June 27, 2012}}</ref> The killer was also known as the "Phantom Fiend"<ref>{{cite web|last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=The Boston Strangler |url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/boston/21.html |website=TruTV.com |access-date=June 27, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510085648/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/boston/21.html |archive-date=May 10, 2013 }}</ref> or "Phantom Strangler",<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Crime: The Phantom Strangler|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896645,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222085607/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896645,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 22, 2008|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=June 27, 2012|date=March 22, 1963}}</ref> due to his ability to get women to allow him into their apartments. In 1963, two investigative reporters for the ''[[Boston Record American|Record American]]'', [[Jean Cole]]<ref name="patch/ma/chtn/jean-cole-89">{{cite news |last1=O'Laughlin |first1=Frank |title=Jean Cole Harris, 89, Former Newspaper Reporter |url=https://patch.com/massachusetts/charlestown/jean-cole-harris-89-former-newspaper-reporter-0 |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=Patch |date=13 August 2015 |location=Charlestown, MA |language=en}}</ref> and [[Loretta McLaughlin]],<ref name="McLaughlin-1992-09-30">{{cite news |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Loretta |author1-link=Loretta McLaughlin |title=Boston Strangler Recalled |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-09-30-9203290160-story.html |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |agency=[[Boston Globe]] |date=September 29, 1992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224202030/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-09-30-9203290160-story.html |archive-date=24 February 2023}}</ref> wrote a four-part series about the killer, dubbing him "The Boston Strangler".<ref name="smithsonianmag/180981786">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Nathan |title=The Tenacious Women Reporters Who Helped Expose the Boston Strangler |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-tenacious-women-reporters-who-helped-expose-the-boston-strangler-180981786/ |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |date=2023-03-16 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sherman|first1=Casey|title=A Rose for Mary: The Hunt for the Real Boston Strangler|date=2003|publisher=UPNE|isbn=9781555535780|pages=28–29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wZblBN8-UnsC&pg=PA28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kelly|first1=Susan|title=The Boston Stranglers|date=2013|publisher=Pinnacle Books|isbn=9780786035342|page=405|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3VPUAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT405}} (Bibliography showing article dates)</ref> By the time that DeSalvo's confession was aired in open court, the name "Boston Strangler" had become part of crime lore.

==Events==
Between June 14, 1962, and January 4, 1964, 13 single women between the ages of 19 and 85 were murdered in the Boston area. Most were sexually assaulted and strangled in their apartments. Originally, the police believed that one man was the sole perpetrator. With no sign of forced entry into their homes, the women were assumed to have let their assailant in, either because they may have known him or because they believed him to be a service provider. The attacks continued despite extensive media publicity after the first few murders. Many residents purchased [[tear gas]] and new [[Lock (security device)|locks]] and [[deadbolt]]s for their doors.<ref name="google/books=n0EEAAAAMBAJ">Byers, Margery. “[https://books.google.com/books?id=n0EEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16 Fear walks home with the women].” Life, February 15, 1963.</ref><ref name="Gardner" /> Some women even moved out of the area in response to the killings.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lane|first1=Brian|last2=Gregg|first2=Wilfred|title=The Encyclopedia Of Serial Killers|publisher=Berkley|year=1995|isbn=9780425152133|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofse00lane/page/150 150-151]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofse00lane/page/150}}</ref>{{r|Gardner}}

The murders occurred in several cities, including Boston, complicating jurisdictional oversight for prosecution of the crimes. [[Massachusetts Attorney General]] [[Edward Brooke|Edward W. Brooke]] helped to coordinate the various police forces.<ref name="Gardner" />{{r|time19670217}} He permitted [[parapsychologist]] [[Peter Hurkos]] to use his alleged [[extrasensory perception]] to analyze the cases, for which Hurkos claimed that a single person was responsible. This decision was controversial.<ref name="Gardner" /> Hurkos provided a "minutely detailed description of the wrong person", and the press ridiculed Brooke.<ref name="time19670217">{{cite news|title=The Senate: An Individual Who Happens To Be a Negro|url=http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,839437,00.html|access-date=December 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220193504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C839437%2C00.html|archive-date=February 20, 2008|newspaper=Time|date=February 17, 1967|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The police were not convinced that all the murders were the actions of one person, although much of the public believed so. The apparent connections between a majority of the victims and hospitals were widely discussed.<ref name="Gardner" />

The final victim of the murders was 19-year-old Mary Sullivan, who was raped and strangled in her Boston apartment on January 4, 1964. Three [[Ligature (medicine)|ligatures]] were wrapped around her neck, and a broom handle was lodged in her vagina. A card reading "[[Happy New Year]]" was left by the killer, leaning against her left foot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-13 |title=Boston Strangler commits his final known murder {{!}} January 4, 1964 |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/january-4/boston-strangler-strikes-again |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=[[History Channel|History]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Tatiana |date=2003-10-21 |title=DeSalvo Not Mary's Murderer |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/desalvo-not-marys-murderer/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-11 |title=New DNA Testing Ties Boston Strangler To 1964 Mary Sullivan Murder |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/new-information-to-be-released-in-boston-strangler-case/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Victims==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! Age !! Date of murder!! Location of body
|-
|Anna Elza Slesers
|55
|June 14, 1962
|77 Gainsborough Street, [[Boston]]
|-
|Mary Mullen
|85
|June 28, 1962
|1435 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston
|-
|Nina Nioma Nichols
|68
|June 30, 1962
|1940 Commonwealth Avenue, [[Boston]]
|-
|Helen Elizabeth Blake
|65
|June 30, 1962
|73 Newhall Street, [[Lynn, Massachusetts|Lynn]]
|-
|Edes "Ida" Irga
|75
|August 19, 1962
|7 Grove Street, [[Boston]]
|-
|Jane Sullivan
|67
|August 21, 1962
|435 Columbia Road, [[Boston]]
|-
|Sophie L. Clark
|20
|December 5, 1962
|315 Huntington Avenue, [[Boston]]
|-
|Patricia Jane Bissette
|23
|December 31, 1962
|515 Park Drive, [[Boston]]
|-
|Mary Ann Brown
|69
|March 6, 1963
|319 Park Street, [[Lawrence (Massachusetts)|Lawrence]]
|-
|Beverly Florence Samans
|23
|May 8, 1963
|4 University Road, [[Cambridge (Massachusetts)|Cambridge]]
|-
|Marie Evelina "Evelyn" Corbin
|57
|September 8, 1963
|224 Lafayette Street, [[Salem (Massachusetts)|Salem]]
|-
|Joann Marie Graff
|23
|November 23, 1963
|54 Essex Street, [[Lawrence (Massachusetts)|Lawrence]]
|-
|Mary Anne Sullivan
|19
|January 4, 1964
|44-A Charles Street, [[Boston]]
|}

==DeSalvo's confession==
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2024}}
[[File:gainsborough.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Gainsborough Street, site of the first murder attributed to the Boston Strangler]]
On October 27, 1964, a stranger entered a young woman's home posing as a [[detective]]. He tied the victim to her bed, sexually assaulted her, and suddenly left, saying "I'm sorry" as he went. The woman's description of her attacker led police to identify the assailant as DeSalvo. When his photo was published, many women identified him as the man who had assaulted them. Earlier on October 27, DeSalvo had posed as a [[motorist]] with car trouble and attempted to enter a home in [[Bridgewater, Massachusetts]]. The homeowner, future [[Brockton, Massachusetts|Brockton police]] chief Richard Sproules, became suspicious and eventually fired a [[shotgun]] at DeSalvo.

DeSalvo was not initially suspected of being involved with the strangling murders. After he was charged with [[rape]], he gave a detailed confession of his activities as the Boston Strangler. He initially confessed to fellow inmate [[George Nassar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-26 |title=I-Team: George Nassar, Boston Strangler's Cellmate, Recalls Albert DeSalvo's Confession - CBS Boston |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/boston-strangler-cellmate-interview-george-nassar-albert-desalvo-wbz-tv-i-team-cheryl-fiandaca/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Nassar reported the confession to his attorney [[F. Lee Bailey]], who also took on the defense of DeSalvo. The police were impressed at the accuracy of DeSalvo's descriptions of the crime scenes. There were some inconsistencies, but DeSalvo was able to cite details that had been withheld from the public. Bailey states in his 1971 book, ''The Defense Never Rests'',<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bailey |first1=F. L. |title=The defense never rests |last2=Aronson |first2=H. |publisher=New American Library |year=1972 |language=English}}</ref> that DeSalvo got one detail right that one of the victims was wrong about: DeSalvo described a blue chair in the woman's living room. She stated it was brown. Photographic evidence proved DeSalvo was correct.

No physical evidence substantiated his confession. Because of that, he was tried on charges for earlier, unrelated crimes of robbery and sexual offenses, in which he was known as "The Green Man" and "The Measuring Man", respectively. Bailey brought up DeSalvo's confession to the murders as part of his client's history at the trial in order to assist in gaining a "not guilty by reason of insanity" verdict to the sexual offenses, but it was ruled as inadmissible by the judge.

DeSalvo was sentenced to life in prison in 1967. In February of that year, he escaped with two fellow inmates from [[Bridgewater State Hospital]], triggering a full-scale [[Manhunt (law enforcement)|manhunt]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Koch |first=Arnold |title=Boston Strangler - 50 years later |url=https://www.wickedlocal.com/story/melrose-free-press/2017/01/23/boston-strangler-50-years-later/22618384007/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Wicked Local |language=en-US}}</ref> A note was found on his bunk addressed to the superintendent. In it, DeSalvo stated that he had escaped to focus attention on the conditions in the hospital and his own situation. Immediately after his escape, DeSalvo disguised himself as a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[Petty Officer Third Class]], but he gave himself up the following day. After the escape, he was transferred to the maximum security [[Walpole, Massachusetts|Walpole]] State Prison. Six years after the transfer, he was found stabbed to death in the prison [[First aid room|infirmary]]. His killer or killers were never identified.

==Multiple-killer theories==
Doubts persist as to whether DeSalvo was the sole perpetrator behind the Boston Strangler murders. At the time of his confession, people who knew him personally did not believe him capable of such vicious crimes. Several factors created doubt that a serial killer was involved, given that they characteristically have a certain type of victim and method of murder: women killed by "The Strangler" were from a variety of age and ethnic groups, and they were murdered using multiple methods.

In 1968, Dr. Ames Robey, medical director of Bridgewater State Hospital, insisted that DeSalvo was not the Boston Strangler. He said the prisoner was "a very clever, very smooth compulsive confessor who desperately needs to be recognized." Robey's opinion was shared by Middlesex District Attorney [[John J. Droney]], Bridgewater Superintendent Charles Gaughan, and George W. Harrison, a former fellow inmate of DeSalvo's. Harrison claimed to have overheard another convict coaching DeSalvo about details of the strangling murders.<ref name=connolly>{{cite news|last1=Connolly|first1=Richard|title=Doctor Says DeSalvo Not Strangler|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/366177054|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=February 29, 1968|access-date=July 5, 2017|archive-date=June 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611051933/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/doc/366177054.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Feb+29%2C+1968&author=Connolly%2C+Richard&pub=Boston+Globe+%281960-1983%29&edition=&startpage=&desc=Doctor+Says+DeSalvo+Not+Strangler|id={{ProQuest|366177054}} |url-status=live}}</ref>

DeSalvo's attorney Bailey believed that his client was the killer, and described the case in ''The Defense Never Rests'' (1971).<ref name="Gardner" /> Susan Kelly, author of the book ''The Boston Stranglers'' (1996), drew from the files of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts "Strangler Bureau". She argues that the murders were the work of several killers rather than a single individual. Former [[FBI]] [[Criminal profiler|profiler]] [[Robert Ressler]] said, "You're putting together so many different patterns [regarding the Boston Strangler [[murder]]s] that it's inconceivable behaviorally that all these could fit one individual."<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-boston-strangler/ The Boston Strangler], ''48 Hours Mystery'', 15 February 2001. CBS News</ref>

[[John E. Douglas]], the former [[FBI]] special agent who was one of the first criminal profilers, doubted that DeSalvo was the Boston Strangler. In his book ''[[The Cases That Haunt Us]]'', he identified DeSalvo as a "power-assurance" motivated rapist.{{clarify |date=December 2018 |reason=I believe the categories are power-assertive and power-reassurance; which is meant, or is this an exact quote from Douglas' book?}} He said that such a rapist is unlikely to kill in the manner of crimes attributed to the Boston Strangler; a power-assurance motivated rapist would, however, be prone to taking credit for the crimes.

In 2000, attorney and former print journalist Elaine Sharp took up the cause of the DeSalvo family and that of the family of Mary Sullivan. Sullivan was publicized as being the final victim in 1964, although other strangling murders occurred after that date. Sharp assisted the families in their media campaign to clear DeSalvo's name. She helped organize and arrange the exhumations of Mary Sullivan and Albert H. DeSalvo, filed various lawsuits in attempts to obtain information and trace evidence (e.g., [[DNA]]) from the government, and worked with various producers to create documentaries to explain the facts to the public.<ref name="strangler">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bostonstrangler.org/ |title=bostonstrangler.org |access-date=August 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050202064347/http://bostonstrangler.org/ |archive-date=February 2, 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Sharp noted various inconsistencies between DeSalvo's confessions and the crime scene information (which she obtained). For example, she observed that, contrary to DeSalvo's confession to Sullivan's murder, the woman was found to have no semen in her vagina and she was not strangled manually, but by ligature. Forensic pathologist [[Michael Baden]] noted that DeSalvo got the time of death wrong. This was a common inconsistency also pointed out by Susan Kelly in several of the murders. She continued to work on the case for the DeSalvo family.<ref name="strangler"/>

== DNA evidence ==
On July 11, 2013, the Boston Police Department announced that they had found DNA evidence that linked DeSalvo to the murder of Mary Sullivan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://boston.cbslocal.com/2013/07/11/new-information-to-be-released-in-boston-strangler-case/ |title=New DNA Testing Ties Boston Strangler To 1964 Mary Sullivan Murder « CBS Boston |date=July 11, 2013 |publisher=Boston.cbslocal.com |access-date=2013-07-12}}</ref> DNA found at the scene was a "near certain match" to [[Y-DNA]] taken from a nephew of DeSalvo. Y-DNA is passed through the direct male lines with little change and can be used to link males with a common paternal-line ancestor. A court ordered the exhumation of DeSalvo's corpse to test his DNA directly.<ref>{{Citation |work=[[The New York Times]]|last=Bidgood |first=Jess |year=2013 |title=50 Years Later, a Break in a Boston Strangler Case |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/12/us/dna-evidence-identified-in-boston-strangler-case.html |access-date=July 11, 2013 }}</ref> On July 19, 2013, Suffolk County District Attorney [[Daniel F. Conley]], Massachusetts Attorney General [[Martha Coakley]] and Boston Police Commissioner [[Edward F. Davis]] announced the DNA test results proving that DeSalvo was the source of seminal fluid recovered at the scene of Sullivan's 1964 murder.<ref>{{cite news|last=Otis|first=Ginger Adams|title=DNA confirms Albert DeSalvo's link to 'Boston Strangler' killing of Mary Sullivan: authorities|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/dna-confirms-albert-desalvo-link-boston-strangler-killing-mary-sullivan-authorities-article-1.1403536|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=July 19, 2013|access-date=January 2, 2019}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
* [[Philadelphia 76ers]] player [[Andrew Toney]] was dubbed "the Boston Strangler" because of his outstanding performances against the [[Boston Celtics]]; a notable example is Game 7 of the 1982 Eastern Conference Finals.
* The 1964 film ''[[The Strangler]]'' was inspired by the unsolved killings.<ref name="Weaver">{{cite book|last=Weaver|first=Tom|title=Earth vs. the sci-fi filmmakers: 20 interviews|publisher=McFarland|year=2005|page=367|chapter=Burt Topper on ''The Strangler''|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGLtcc_pJxQC&q=%22the+strangler+%22boston+strangler%22+%22victor+buono%22&pg=PT377|access-date=October 5, 2009 | isbn=978-0-7864-2210-4}}</ref>
* [[William Goldman]]'s 1964 novel ''[[No Way to Treat a Lady (novel)|No Way to Treat a Lady]]'' and its [[No Way to Treat a Lady (film)|1968 film adaptation]] were both inspired by the multiple-killer theories of the Boston Strangler.<ref name="wickedlocal/39268572007">{{cite news |last1=O'Brien |first1=Kathryn |title=FROM THE VAULT: Recalling the 'Boston Strangler' |url=https://www.wickedlocal.com/story/observer-advocate/2013/07/11/from-vault-recalling-boston-strangler/39268572007/ |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[Wicked Local]] |date=2013-07-11}}</ref>
* The [[rock and roll]] band [[The Standells]] referred to the Boston Strangler in their 1965 Boston-themed song "[[Dirty Water]]" with the lines "have you heard about the Strangler?" and "I'm the man, I'm the man."
* The 1968 film ''[[The Boston Strangler (film)|The Boston Strangler]]'' starred [[Tony Curtis]] as [[Albert DeSalvo]]. [[Henry Fonda]] co-starred.
* The 1995 film ''[[Copycat (1995 film)|Copycat]]'' makes reference to the Boston Strangler.
* The 2007 novel ''The Strangler'' by William Landay depicts the family of an attorney on the Strangler task force.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-385-33615-4|title=Fiction Book Review: The Strangler}}</ref>
* The 2007 novel ''Strangled'' by Brian McGrory depicts a Boston newspaper reporter receiving evidence and notes from potentially the same murderer, over 40 years later, and police efforts to suppress the idea that they did not solve the original case.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McGrory |first=Brian |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm72799788 |title=Strangled |date=2007 |publisher=Atria Books |isbn=978-0-7434-6368-3 |edition= |location=New York |oclc=ocm72799788}}</ref>
* A 2008 film ''The Boston Strangler – The Untold Story'' stars [[David Faustino]] as De Salvo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1198054/|title = Boston Strangler: The Untold Story (Video 2008) - IMDb| website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>
* The 2010 television film ''The Front'', starring [[Andie MacDowell]] and [[Daniel Sunjata]], depicts a detective who reopens an unsolved 1960s murder of a woman who may have been the first victim of the Boston Strangler. The plot suggests that DeSalvo was not the only perpetrator of these Boston murders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://crimefeed.com/2016/11/serial-killer-cinema-6-movies-inspired-boston-strangler/|title=Serial Killer Cinema: 6 Movies Inspired by the Boston Strangler|website=CrimeFeed|access-date=March 3, 2017|archive-date=June 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610115521/http://crimefeed.com/2016/11/serial-killer-cinema-6-movies-inspired-boston-strangler/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The Boston Strangler made an appearance in the episode "Strangler" of [[CBS]]'s ''[[American Gothic (1995 TV series)|American Gothic]]'', where he was summoned by the antagonist sheriff Lucas Buck to get rid of Merlyn Temple. When Lucas leaves town to attend a convention, Albert De Salvo -aka The Boston Strangler- decides to do more than just try to kill Merlyn.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0511801/|title = "American Gothic" Strangler (TV Episode 1998) - IMDb| website=[[IMDb]] }}</ref>
* The Boston Strangler was featured as a central figure in the second episode of TNT's ''[[Rizzoli & Isles]]'', starring [[Angie Harmon]] and [[Sasha Alexander]]. The episode was called "Boston Strangler Redux", featuring a new serial killer who killed women with the same names as the original Strangler's victims. He is eventually revealed to have been one of the original detectives investigating the case who tried to frame the man whom he believed to be the real Boston Strangler.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1686407/|title=Rizzoli & Isles: Boston Strangler Redux|website=IMDB}}</ref>
* He and the [[Zodiac Killer]] are featured in [[Image comics]]' ''The Roberts''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shady|first1=Justin|last2=Chinsang|first2=Wayne|last3=Rose|first3=Erik (Illustrator)|title=The Roberts: one retirement home, two serial killers|date=2009|publisher=Image Comics, Inc.|location=Berkeley, Calif.|isbn=978-1607060673}}</ref>
* A waxwork of Albert DeSalvo was featured in an episode of the British comedy series ''[[Psychoville]]''. The waxwork comes to life in a fantasy sequence (along with those of [[John George Haigh]], [[John Christie (murderer)|John Christie]], and [[Jack the Ripper]]), trying to persuade character David Sowerbutts to kill a man by strangling. The others accused him of having several personalities, referencing the 1968 movie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/tvandradioblog/2009/jul/16/psychoville-episode-five|title=Psychoville episode five: 'The Key'|last=Dean|first=Will|website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=July 16, 2009}}</ref>
* In the 13th episode of the second season of ''[[Crossing Jordan]]'' titled "Strangled", the characters have a Cold Case party where they role play the investigation into two murders that fit the MO of the Boston Strangler.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.episodeworld.com/episode/14250/Crossing_Jordan/2x13/Strangled|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304051558/http://www.episodeworld.com/episode/14250/Crossing_Jordan/2x13/Strangled|url-status=usurped|archive-date=March 4, 2017|title=Crossing Jordan (2001) - 2x13 - Strangled|website=Episode World}}</ref>
* A [[Boston hardcore]] band is named the Boston Strangler.<ref name=saladdays>{{cite web|title=Boston Strangler Interview|url=http://www.saladdaysmag.com/boston-strangler-interview-original-version/|website=Salad Days Magazine|archive-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208175119/http://www.saladdaysmag.com/boston-strangler-interview-original-version/}}</ref>
* The [[Rolling Stones]] released "[[Midnight Rambler]]" on the album ''[[Let It Bleed]]'' in 1969. The song is a loose biography of Albert DeSalvo; "the Boston Strangler" is mentioned in the lyrics once.
* A 2016 [[podcast]] titled ''[[Stranglers (podcast)|Stranglers]]'' delves into the Boston Strangler investigation and features clips of the DeSalvo confession tapes and interviews with relatives of the key players in the investigation, including chief investigator Phil DiNatale's sons.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/31/obituaries/phillip-j-dinatale-67-dies-led-boston-strangler-inquiry.html|title=Phillip J. DiNatale, 67, Dies; Led Boston Strangler Inquiry|date=31 January 1987|access-date=18 January 2018|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wkbw.com/news/national/boston-strangler-murders-get-serial-treatment-in-new-true-crime-series|title=Boston Strangler murders get 'Serial' treatment in new true-crime series|first=Clint|last=Davis|date=17 November 2016|access-date=18 January 2018|publisher=WKBW Buffalo}}</ref>
* ''[[Boston Strangler (film)|Boston Strangler]]'' is a 2023 American drama starring [[Keira Knightley]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/10/keira-knightley-boston-strangler-movie-20th-century-studios-matt-ruskin-scott-free-luckychap-producing-1234847537/|title=Keira Knightley To Star In 20th Century Studios' ''Boston Strangler''; Scott Free, LuckyChap Producing|date=October 4, 2021|first=Mike Jr.|last=Fleming|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=January 1, 2022}}</ref> [[Carrie Coon]], [[Alessandro Nivola]], [[Chris Cooper]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/carrie-coon-alessadro-nivola-chris-cooper-20th-century-lucky-chaps-boston-strangler-1234876003/|title=Carrie Coon, Alessandro Nivola & Chris Cooper Join 20th Century's ''Boston Strangler''|date=November 17, 2021|first=Justin|last=Kroll|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=January 1, 2022}}</ref> and [[David Dastmalchian]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/david-dastmalchian-boston-strangler-cast-1235054113/|title=David Dastmalchian Joins Keira Knightley in ''Boston Strangler'' (Exclusive)|date=November 30, 2021|first=Aaron|last=Couch|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=January 1, 2022}}</ref> The film was shot in the Boston area. It was theatrically released in the United States by [[20th Century Studios]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/12/06/lifestyle/dispatches-boston-strangler-set-production-begins-filming-belmont/|title=Dispatches from 'Boston Strangler' set: Filming continues in the South End|date=December 8, 2021|first=Brittany|last=Bowker|website=[[The Boston Globe]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=January 1, 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of fugitives from justice who disappeared]]
* [[List of serial killers in the United States]]

==Further reading==
*Byers, Margery. “[https://books.google.com/books?id=n0EEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16 Fear walks home with the women].” Life, February 15, 1963.
* Frank, Gerold. ''The Boston Strangler''. Penguin Publishing Group, August 1967 {{ISBN|0451041755}}
* Bailey, F. Lee. ''The Defense Never Rests''. Stein and Day, 1971.
* Kelly, Susan. ''The Boston Stranglers: The Public Conviction of Albert Desalvo and the True Story of Eleven Shocking Murders''. Citadel. October 1995. {{ISBN|1-55972-298-3}}.
*Kirkpatrick, Sidney. “The Psychic, the Shoe Salesman, and the Boston Strangler.” Los Angeles Times Magazine, May 12, 2002.<!-- {ISBN|1-55553-578-X} -->
* Sherman, Casey and Dick Lehr. ''A Rose for Mary: The Hunt for the Boston Strangler''. Northeastern University Press. September 2003. {{ISBN|1-55553-578-X}}.
* Junger, Sebastian. ''A Death in Belmont''. Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc. April 2006. {{ISBN|0-393-05980-4}}.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070301031517/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1179347,00.html Article about Sebastian Junger's Book ''A Death in Belmont'']. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, April 3, 2006.</ref>
* Rogers, Alan. ''New England Remembers: The Boston Strangler''. Commonwealth Editions. May 2006. {{ISBN|1-889833-52-5}}.
* Wallace, Irving, et al. ''[[The Book of Lists 2]]''. "12 Mass Murderers Who Got Their Start In The U.S. Armed Forces". p.&nbsp;49. William Morrow & Company, Inc. 1980. {{ISBN|0-688-03574-4}}.\
*{{cite journal |last1=Bulman |first1=Philip |title=Solving Cold Cases with DNA: The Boston Strangler Case |journal=National Institute of Justice Journal |date=March 2014 |issue=273 |pages=48–51 |url=https://www.ojp.gov/library/publications/solving-cold-cases-dna-boston-strangler-case |publisher=[[Office of Justice Programs]] |language=en}}
*{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Nathan |title=The Tenacious Women Reporters Who Helped Expose the Boston Strangler |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-tenacious-women-reporters-who-helped-expose-the-boston-strangler-180981786/ |access-date=16 March 2023 |work=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |date=2023-03-16 |language=en}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/desalvo.htm |website=foia.fbi.gov |title= FBI files |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011225435/http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/desalvo.htm |archive-date=October 11, 2007}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061027133814/http://www.charliemanson.com/crime/desalvo.htm The Boston Strangler] - ''charliemanson.com''

{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:20th century in Boston]]
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[[Category:1973 deaths]]--><!-- This is not a biography of DeSalvo -->
[[Category:American rapists]]
[[Category:Crimes adapted into films]]
[[Category:Crimes in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:History of Boston]]
[[Category:Murder in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Nicknames in crime]]
[[Category:Serial killer epithets]]
[[Category:Serial killers from Michigan]]
[[Category:Sexual assaults in the United States]]
[[Category:Violence against women in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Women in Boston]]