Editing Brassed Off

{{Short description|1996 British film by Mark Herman}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Brassed Off
| image          = BrassedOff G1 C234.jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| director       = [[Mark Herman]]
| producer       = [[Steve Abbott (film producer)|Steve Abbott]]
| writer         = Mark Herman
| starring       = {{plainlist|
* [[Pete Postlethwaite]]
* [[Tara Fitzgerald]]
* [[Ewan McGregor]]
* [[Jim Carter (actor)|Jim Carter]]
* Mary Healey
* [[Melanie Hill]]
* [[Philip Jackson (actor)|Philip Jackson]]
* [[Sue Johnston]]
* [[Peter Martin (actor)|Peter Martin]]
* [[Stephen Moore (actor)|Stephen Moore]]
* [[Stephen Tompkinson]]}}
| music          = [[Trevor Jones (composer)|Trevor Jones]]
| cinematography = Andy Collins
| editing        = Michael Ellis
| studio         = {{plainlist|
* Prominent Features
* [[Film4 Productions|Channel Four Films]]
* [[Miramax Films]]
}}
| distributor    = [[Film4 Productions|FilmFour Distributors]]
| released       = {{film date |df=yes|1996|11|1|United Kingdom}}
| runtime        = 107 minutes
| country        = United Kingdom
| language       = English
| budget         = £2.8 million<ref name = "icon">{{Citation | first = Alexander | last = Walker | title = Icons in the Fire: The Rise and Fall of Practically Everyone in the British Film Industry 1984–2000 | publisher = Orion | year = 2005 | page = 280}}.</ref>
| gross          = £3 million<ref name = "icon" />
}}
'''''Brassed Off''''' is a 1996 British [[comedy-drama film]] written and directed by [[Mark Herman]] and starring [[Pete Postlethwaite]], [[Tara Fitzgerald]] and [[Ewan McGregor]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite web|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9900e2de123bf930a15756c0a961958260|title=Brassed Off (1996) Sentimental Coal Dust With a Brass Band|first=Stephen|last=Holden|date=23 May 1997}}</ref>

The film is about the troubles faced by a [[Coal mining|colliery]] [[British brass band|brass band]], following the closure of their [[Coal mining|pit]]. The soundtrack for the film was provided by the [[Grimethorpe Colliery Band]], and the plot is based on [[Grimethorpe]]'s own struggles against pit closures. It has been generally very positively received for its role in promoting brass bands and their music. Parts of the film make reference to the huge increase in suicides that resulted from the end of the coal industry in Britain, and the struggle to retain hope in the circumstances.

In the United States, the film was promoted simply as a [[romantic comedy]] involving McGregor and Fitzgerald's characters.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

==Context==
The film is set ten years after the [[UK miners' strike (1984–85)|year-long strike in 1984–85]] by the [[National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)|National Union of Mineworkers in Britain]]. Before the privatisation of [[British Coal]], a wave of pit closures took place. Depleted of resources following the long strike, the miners were unable to continue a resistance against the policies of the government. Many had been in debt ever since the strike, and were prepared to take redundancy money whilst it was on offer.

The [[National Coal Board]] (NCB) arranged private ballots to determine between closing a pit immediately with compulsory redundancies or taking a pit to a review procedure to determine whether the pit should be privatised. Although miners had a tradition of fighting for their jobs, the risk of losing the redundancy money on offer by going forwards to privatisation swung the votes in most ballots to be in favour of pit closure and redundancy. The loss of hope, pride and fighting spirit in previously proud mining communities was the basis for the idea of being "brassed off", an expression used in the North of England meaning "angry".

Beginning in early 1993, groups of miners' wives camped outside some pits' gates and outside the [[Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)|Department of Trade and Industry]] in London.<ref name="StrikeNotTheEnd">{{cite book|last1=Douglass|first1=David John|title=Strike, not the end of the story|publisher=National Coal Mining Museum for England|location=Overton, Yorkshire, UK|year=2005|pages=42–43}}</ref> This is referred to in the film. It contrasts with the muted response from the mineworkers, some of whom sang ''Shut the pit!'' to the tune of the song ''[[Here We Go (football chant)|Here We Go!]]'' from the 1984–85 strike.<ref name="StrikeNotTheEnd"/>

==Plot==
Gloria Mullins has been sent to her home town of Grimley to determine the profitability of the pit for the management of [[British Coal]]. She also plays the [[flugelhorn]], and is allowed to play with the local [[British brass band|brass band]] after playing ''[[Concierto de Aranjuez]]'', affectionately known as “Orange Juice” by the characters, with them. The band is made up of miners from whom she must conceal her purpose. She renews a childhood romance with Andy Barrow, which soon leads to complications. Andy is bitter about the programme of pit closures and determined to fight on, but is also realistic about the circumstances and predicts a 4-to-1 majority for closure and redundancy.

When Andy realises Gloria is working for management, he accuses her of naïvety for thinking the Coal Board is even considering the pit's future and argues that the decision to close would have been made years earlier. It is later revealed, during a confrontation between Gloria and colliery management, that the decision was made two years prior and was to have proceeded regardless of her findings. The report was simply a PR exercise to placate the miners and sympathetic members of the public.

The passionate band conductor Danny Ormondroyd finds he's fighting a losing battle to keep the rest of the band committed. His son Phil is badly in debt and becomes a clown for children's parties, but this fails to prevent his wife and children leaving him. In debt, Phil votes for the redundancy money, which he becomes ashamed of. As Danny collapses in the street and is hospitalised, Phil suffers a mental breakdown while entertaining a group of children as part of a harvest festival in a church. He refers to himself as "Coco the [[Scab labour|scab]]"—a name he was called by a debt collector whom he had asked to wait until the redundancy money came through. Eventually, Phil tries to hang himself but is taken to the hospital. Phil reveals to Danny that in light of the colliery's closure, the band has decided not to continue playing.

When band member Jim realises Gloria is working for management, he is unimpressed with Andy's relationship with her. In a pub conversation, the other miners are not particularly concerned and feel Jim is being too harsh. When Andy says he should be old enough to make his own decisions, Jim responds with, "Old enough to be a scab, then?" The pub falls silent, as the word was an extremely serious insult in a mining community and implies treachery to the working class. Jim then withdraws the insult and says that Andy is just "stupid". Later, Jim asks Gloria to leave the band and mocks her attempts to fund the band's trip to the National Finals.

Intending it to be their last performance, the band, in full uniform and wearing their miners' helmets and lamps, plays ''[[Danny Boy]]'' (the famous Percy Grainger arrangement of ''[[Londonderry Air]]'') late at night outside the hospital where Danny has been hospitalised with breathing difficulties related to mining. Andy, having lost his tenor horn in a bet, whistles along with his hands in his pockets. After they finish, they all switch off their lamps.

Whilst the band is playing in the National Semi-Finals, the outcome of the ballot is announced as 4-to-1 in favour of redundancy, as Andy had predicted.

After Gloria sets up a bank account to fund travel to the National Finals, the band is brought back together to compete. Andy wins his tenor horn back in a game of pool. The band forgives Gloria when she gives them her earnings from compiling the report (rejecting it because it's "dirty money") and travels to the final at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in [[London]] ([[Birmingham Town Hall]] was used to film these scenes),<ref name=locations/> where they are amused by the inability of the woman on the dressing room's PA system to pronounce 'colliery'.

Before departing, Phil leaves a note for Danny saying they are going to the finals. Danny arrives just in time to see the band win the competition with a stirring rendition of the ''William Tell Overture'' finale, during which Phil notices his wife and children in the audience. Danny refuses to accept the trophy; he states that only human beings matter and not music or the trophy. He continues, "This bloody government has systematically destroyed an entire industry. ''Our'' industry. And not just our industry—our communities, our homes, our lives. All in the name of 'progress'. And for a few lousy bob."

However, following this gesture, Jim takes the trophy anyway. The band celebrates their victory as Andy and Gloria kiss on the upper deck of an open-topped bus travelling through London, while Danny leads the band in the trio from Elgar's ''Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1'', better known as ''[[Land of Hope and Glory]]''.

==Cast==
* [[Ewan McGregor]] as Andy Barrow, the band's [[tenor horn]] player
* [[Pete Postlethwaite]] as Danny Ormondroyd, the band's [[Conducting|conductor]]
* [[Tara Fitzgerald]] as Gloria Mullins, the band's [[flugelhorn]] player
* [[Stephen Tompkinson]] as Phil Ormondroyd, the band's [[trombone]] player
* [[Jim Carter (actor)|Jim Carter]] as Harry, the band's [[euphonium]] player
* [[Philip Jackson (actor)|Philip Jackson]] as Jim, one of the band's [[tuba]] player
* [[Peter Martin (actor)|Peter Martin]] as Ernie, one of the band's [[tuba]] players
* [[Melanie Hill]] as Sandra Ormondroyd
* [[Lill Roughley]] as Rita
* [[Sue Johnston]] as Vera
* Mary Healey as Ida
* [[Stephen Moore (actor)|Stephen Moore]] as McKenzie, the colliery manager
* [[Peter Gunn (actor)|Peter Gunn]] as Simmo
* [[Bernard Wrigley]] as Chapman
* Katherine Dow Blyton as Nurse
* [[Sally Ann Matthews]] as Waitress

==Production==
The film is set in "Grimley" in the mid-1990s, which is a thin veil for [[Grimethorpe]], a mining village in [[South Yorkshire]] which had been named as the poorest village in Britain in 1994 by the [[European Union]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Karen |last=McVeigh |title=Grimethorpe, the mining village that hit rock bottom – then bounced back |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/03/grimethorpe-hit-rock-bottom-then-bounced-back |date=3 March 2015 |work=The Guardian |access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> The nearby areas of the [[Dearne Valley]] and the [[Hemsworth]] area were also identified as in need of serious aid.

The hospital scene, with Pete Postlethwaite in bed,  was filmed at [[Doncaster College]], not a hospital. The festival scene in [[Delph]] was filmed on Monday 23 October 1995.<ref>''Oldham Advertiser'' Thursday 26 October 1995, page 7</ref>

The soundtrack for the film was recorded by the [[Grimethorpe Colliery Band]], the story roughly reflects Grimethorpe Colliery Band's history, and the film was largely shot in Grimethorpe.<ref name =locations>{{Citation | contribution-url = http://www.ukonscreen.com/ffigccb-Brassed-Off-(1996).html | title = UK on screen | contribution = ''Brassed Off'' filming locations}}.</ref>

==Reception==
''Brassed Off'' received an 80% approval rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] based on 49 reviews, with an [[weighted arithmetic mean|average rating]] of 6.8/10. The site's critics consensus reads: "''Brassed Off'' combines inspiring drama with populist socioeconomics to create a film whose familiar outlines are filled in with genuine and surprisingly palpable emotion."<ref>{{cite web |title=Brassed Off (1997) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/brassed_off |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref>

The film was one of Film Four Distributors first major releases and opened on 203 screens in the UK with a gross of £466,058 in its opening weekend, finishing third at the UK box office behind ''[[Dragonheart]]'' and ''[[The Nutty Professor (1996 film)|The Nutty Professor]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Screen International]]|date=8 November 1996|last=Duncan|first=Celia|page=22|title=Blowing Your Own Trumpet}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=UK Top 15: November 1–3|magazine=[[Screen International]]|date=8 November 1996|page=23}}</ref> It went on to gross £2,128,437 in the UK.<ref name=gross>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Screen International]]|title=UK Top 100 Films Dec 1, 1995-Nov 29, 1996|page=55|date=24 January 1997}}</ref>

The film's reputation has grown considerably since its initial release. ''Brassed Off'' is ranked 85th on the BFI list of Top 100 British Films<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC News {{!}} Entertainment {{!}} Best 100 British films - full list|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/455170.stm|access-date=2021-11-18|website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> A reevaluation in 2018 concluded, "Like Danny’s speech at the Royal Albert Hall, the film is honest, poignant and powerful. Twenty years on, its message is still all too relevant. And the music is bloody great, by the way."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/film/brassed-off-miner-masterpiece-61231|title=Brassed Off: a miner masterpiece with a powerful message|first=Mark|last=Butler|date=July 24, 2018|website=inews.co.uk|accessdate=August 14, 2022}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The film score for ''Brassed Off'' includes a large number of pieces from the brass band repertoire, played by the [[Grimethorpe Colliery Band]] conducted by John Anderson, alongside an original score composed by [[Trevor Jones (composer)|Trevor Jones]].<ref name=amazon>{{cite web |title=Brassed Off |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Brassed-Off-film-score-SOUNDTRACK/dp/B000003G8M |publisher=Amazon |type=listing for the soundtrack |access-date=4 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208061851/http://www.amazon.co.uk/Brassed-Off-film-score-SOUNDTRACK/dp/B000003G8M |archive-date=8 February 2009 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name='discogs'>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/The-Grimethorpe-Colliery-Band-With-Trevor-Jones-Brassed-Off-Music-From-The-Original-Soundtrack/release/3683105|title=The Grimethorpe Colliery Band With Trevor Jones – Brassed Off (Music From The Original Soundtrack)|website=Discogs|access-date=3 October 2019}}</ref>

===Track listing===
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Artist
| title1   = Death or Glory
| music1   = [[Robert Browne Hall]]
| extra1   = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length1  = 2:49
| title2   = A Sad Old Day
| music2   = Trevor Jones
| length2  = 0:48
| title3   = [[The Floral Dance|Floral Dance]]
| music3   = [[Katie Moss]]
| extra3   = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length3  = 2:59
| title4   = Aforementioned Essential Items
| music4   = Trevor Jones
| length4  = 0:32
| title5   = [[Concierto de Aranjuez|En Aranjuez Con Tu Amor]] 
| note5    = Flugelhorn solo: Paul Hughes
| music5   = [[Joaquín Rodrigo]]
| extra5   = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length5  = 4:04
| title6   = Years of Coal
| music6   = Trevor Jones
| length6  = 0:35
| title7   = March of the Cobblers
| music7   = Bob Barrett & Edrich Siebert
| extra7   = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length7  = 3:09
| title8   = There's More Important Things in Life
| music8   = Trevor Jones
| length8  = 1:47
| title9   = Cross of Honour
| music9   = [[William Rimmer (music)|William Rimmer]]
| extra9   = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length9  = 2:14
| title10  = [[And did those feet in ancient time|Jerusalem]]
| music10  = [[Hubert Parry]]
| extra10  = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length10 = 2:23
| title11  = Florentiner March
| music11  = [[Julius Fučík (composer)|Julius Fučík]]
| extra11  = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length11 = 4:47
| title12  = [[Danny Boy]] (Londonderry Air)
| music12  = arranged [[Percy Grainger]]
| extra12  = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length12 = 3:07
| title13  = We'll Find a Way
| music13  = Trevor Jones
| length13 = 3:25
| title14  = [[Clog Dance (song)|Clog Dance]]
| music14  = [[John Marcangelo]]
| extra14  = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length14 = 2:40
| title15  = [[Colonel Bogey March|Colonel Bogey]]
| music15  = [[Kenneth J. Alford]]
| extra15  = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length15 = 3:15
| title16  = All Things Bright and Beautiful
| music16  = [[William Henry Monk]] arranged Simon Kerwin
| extra16  = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length16 = 2:04
| title17  = [[William Tell Overture]]
| note17   = Cornet solo: Shaun Randall
| extra17  = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| music17  = [[Gioachino Rossini]] arranged G.J. Grant
| length17 = 3:23
| title18  = Honest Decent Human Beings
| music18  = Trevor Jones
| length18 = 1:37
| title19  = [[Pomp and Circumstance Marches|Pomp and Circumstance]]
| music19  = [[Edward Elgar]] arranged [[J. Ord Hume]]
| extra19  = Grimethorpe Colliery Band
| length19 = 3:19
| total_length = 48:57
}}

===Certifications===
{{certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|title= Brassed Off|artist=Soundtrack|type=album|relyear=1996|certyear=2002|region=Australia|award=Gold|access-date=27 December 2021}}
{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true}}

==Stage adaptation==
Paul Allen adapted Mark Herman's screenplay for the stage, the production premiering at the [[Crucible Theatre]] Sheffield on 17 March 1998, with music performed by the [[Grimethorpe Colliery Band]]. The play transferred to the [[Royal National Theatre]] in June before embarking on a UK tour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.londontheatrearchive.co.uk/archive/secure/archivereviews/brassedoff98.htm|title=Archive Reviews - Brassed Off|website=London Theatre Archive|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref> In 2014 a new UK tour was mounted by the Touring Consortium Theatre Company, coinciding with the thirtieth anniversary of the [[UK miners' strike (1984-85)|miners' strike]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theatrecloud.com/brassed-off|title=Brassed Off|website=Theatrecloud|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
A sample of a monologue performed by the main character Danny (Pete Postlethwaite) is used in the opening of the song "[[Tubthumping]]", on the 1997 [[Chumbawamba]] album ''[[Tubthumper]]'': "Truth is, I thought it mattered; I thought that music mattered. But does it bollocks! Not compared to how people matter".<ref name=TI>{{cite web|work=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/pete-postlethwaite-distinctive-prolific-actor-acclaimed-by-spielberg-as-the-best-in-the-world-2175128.html|title=Pete Postlethwaite: Distinctive, prolific actor, acclaimed by Spielberg as 'the best in the world'|first=Tom|last=Vallance|date=4 January 2011}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[BFI Top 100 British films]]
* ''[[The Full Monty]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Billy Elliot]]'' (2000)
* ''[[Pride (2014 film)|Pride]]'' (2014)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|0115744}}
* {{Mojo title|brassedoff}}
* {{rotten-tomatoes|brassed_off}}

{{Mark Herman}}
{{César Award for Best Foreign Film}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1996 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:British comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Mining in South Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Films about music and musicians]]
[[Category:Films about the labor movement]]
[[Category:Films set in Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Films set in 1992]]
[[Category:Best Foreign Film César Award winners]]
[[Category:Films shot in England]]
[[Category:Film4 Productions films]]
[[Category:Miramax films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Trevor Jones]]
[[Category:Films shot in Greater Manchester]]
[[Category:Films directed by Mark Herman]]
[[Category:Films set in mining communities]]
[[Category:1990s English-language films]]
[[Category:1990s British films]]
[[Category:English-language comedy-drama films]]