Editing Brazilian Armed Forces

{{Short description|Combined military forces of Brazil}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} 
{{Infobox national military
| name = Brazilian Armed Forces
| native_name = Forças Armadas Brasileiras
| image = Emblem of the Brazilian Armed Forces.svg
| caption = Seal of the Brazilian Armed Forces
| image2 = Bandeira do EMCFA atual.svg
| caption2 = Flag of the Joint General Staff of the Armed Forces
| branches = {{ubl
|{{army|Brazil|name=Army}}
|{{navy|Brazil|name=Navy}}
|{{air force|Brazil|name=Air Force}}
}}
| headquarters = [[Ministry of Defence (Brazil)|Ministry of Defense]], [[Brasília]]
| commander-in-chief = {{flagicon image|Presidential Standard of Brazil.svg|size=25px}} [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]
| commander-in-chief_title = [[President of Brazil|Commander-in-Chief]]
| minister = {{flagicon image|Flag of Minister of State (Brazil).svg|size=25px}} [[José Múcio]]
| minister_title = [[Ministry of Defence (Brazil)|Minister of Defence]]
| commander = {{flagicon image|Bandeira-Insignia do Chefe do Estado-Maior Conjunto das Forças Armadas (Brasil).svg|size=25px}} [[Renato Rodrigues de Aguiar Freire|Renato Freire]]
| commander_title = [[Joint Staff of the Armed Forces|Chief of the Joint Staff of the Armed Forces]]
| amount = {{USD|24.8 billion|link=yes}} (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Orçamento e Finanças |url=https://www.gov.br/defesa/pt-br/assuntos/orcamento-e-financas-1 |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Gov.br |language=pt}}</ref>
| percent_GDP = 1,1% (2023)
| age = 18–45 years of age for compulsory military service for men
| conscription = 10 to 12 months
| active = 376,000<ref name=IISS1>{{cite book| url=https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2023| title=The Military Balance 2023| author1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| author-link1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| date=15 February 2023| publisher=[[Routledge]]| location=[[London]]| page= 383| isbn=9781032508955}}</ref>
| ranked = 
| reserve = 1,340,000<ref name=IISS1/>
| deployed = 
| domestic_suppliers = {{hidden 
|''List''
| headerstyle=background:#b0c4de
| style=text-align:center;|[[Embraer]]<br />[[Avibras]]<br />[[NUCLEP]]<br />[[Companhia Brasileira de Cartuchos|CBC]]<br />[[IMBEL]]<br />[[Taurus (manufacturer)|Taurus]]<br />[[Helibras]]<br />[[EMGEPRON]]<br />[[Agrale]]<br />[[Mectron]]<br />[[Aero Bravo]]<br />[[Iveco|Iveco Brazil]]<br />[[Leonardo S.p.A.|Leonardo Brazil]]<br />[[Itaguaí Construções Navais|ICN]]<br />[[ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems|TKMS]]<br />[[MAN Latin America]]<br />[[Odebrecht]]<br />[[Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva]]<br />[[Troller Veículos Especiais|Troller]]<br />[[Indústria Naval do Ceará|INACE]]<br />[[Usiminas]]<br />[[XMobots]]<br />[[Condor S/A]]<br />[[Industria Aeronáutica e Serviços - IAS]] }}
| foreign_suppliers = {{hidden 
|''List''
| headerstyle=background:#b0c4de
| style=text-align:center;|{{USA}}<br />{{FRA}}<br />{{GER}}<br />{{ESP}}<br />{{JPN}}<br />{{UK}}<br />{{SWE}}<br />{{ITA}}}}
| history = [[Military history of Brazil]]<br />[[:Category:Wars involving Brazil|Warfare directory of Brazil]]<br />[[List of wars involving Brazil|Wars involving Brazil]]<br />[[:Category:Battles involving Brazil|Battles involving Brazil]]
| ranks = [[Military ranks of Brazil]]
}}

The '''Brazilian Armed Forces''' ({{langx|pt|Forças Armadas Brasileiras}}, {{IPA|pt|ˈfoʁsɐz ɐʁˈmadɐz bɾaziˈlejɾɐs|IPA}}) are the unified [[Military|military forces]] of the [[Brazil|Federative Republic of Brazil]]. Consisting of three [[Military branch|service branches]], it comprises the [[Brazilian Army]] (including the [[Brazilian Army Aviation]]), the [[Brazilian Navy]] (including the [[Brazilian Marine Corps]] and [[Brazilian Naval Aviation]]) and the [[Brazilian Air Force]] (including the [[Aerospace Operations Command]]).<ref>According to article 144 of the [[1988 Brazilian Constitution]], the para-military [[Military Police (Brazil)|Military Police]] alongside the [[Military Firefighters Corps]] are constitutionally considered an auxiliary and potential reserve to the [[Brazilian army|Army]], though subordinate to the state governors. They can, however, be compelled to federal service under a statute similar to [[Posse comitatus (common law)|posse comitatus]][https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811161853/https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm|date=August 11, 2015}}</ref>

Brazil's armed forces are the [[List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel|second largest]] in the Americas, after the [[United States Armed Forces|United States]], and the largest in Latin America and the Southern Hemisphere by the level of military equipment, with 334,500 active-duty troops and officers.<ref name="ReferenceC">[[#IISS2012|IISS 2012]], pp. 376–378</ref><ref>[http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI14439-15273-2,00-UMA+NOVA+AGENDA+MILITAR.html Uma Nova Agenda Militar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325232014/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0%2C%2CEMI14439-15273-2%2C00-UMA%2BNOVA%2BAGENDA%2BMILITAR.html |date=2017-03-25 }} Revista Época. Retrieved on 16 April 2015.</ref> Brazilian soldiers were in Haiti from 2004 until 2017, leading the United Nations Stabilization Mission ([[MINUSTAH]]).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/internacional/noticia/2017-08/brazils-military-operations-haiti-officially-over| title = Brazilian troops leave Haiti| date = 31 August 2017}}</ref>

==Organization==
The Armed Forces of Brazil are divided into 3 branches:<ref name=contituicao>{{cite web | title = Brazilian Federal Constitution | publisher = Brazilian Government (official text) | url = http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm | access-date = 2007-05-17 }} See also: [http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleI.html "Brazilian Federal Constitution in English"], text translated to English (unofficial). Retrieved on 2007-05-17.</ref>
* [[Brazilian Army]]
**[[Brazilian Army Aviation Command]]
* [[Brazilian Navy]]
**[[Brazilian Marine Corps]]
**[[Brazilian Naval Aviation]]
* [[Brazilian Air Force]]
**[[Aerospace Operations Command]]

The [[Military Police (Brazil)|Military Police]] (state police) alongside the [[Military Firefighters Corps]] are described as an auxiliary and reserve force of the Army.<ref name=contituicao/> All military branches are part of the [[Ministry of Defence (Brazil)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref>Ministry of Defence Structure [http://www.defesa.gov.br/estrutura/index.php "Defence"] ''Ministério da Defesa''. Retrieved June 22, 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414144154/http://www.defesa.gov.br/estrutura/index.php |date=April 14, 2015 }}</ref>

The [[Brazilian Navy]] which is the oldest of the Brazilian Armed Forces, includes the [[Brazilian Marine Corps]] and the [[Brazilian Naval Aviation]].

===Service obligation and manpower===
There is compulsory military service for those aged 18–45; conscript service obligation – 10 to 12 months; voluntary service is allowed from age 17–45. An increasing percentage of the ranks are "long-service" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in the early 1980s when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps.<ref name="ReferenceD">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Brazil|date=11 February 2022}}</ref>

===Mission and challenges===
South America is a relatively peaceful continent in which wars are a rare event;<ref name="p. 9">{{cite news |url=http://www.senado.gov.br/JORNAL/arquivos_jornal/arquivosPdf/080331.pdf |page=9 |newspaper=Jornal do Senado |language=pt-br |title=Corrida bélica ao sabor da economia |date=6 April 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320032948/http://www.senado.gov.br/JORNAL/arquivos_jornal/arquivosPdf/080331.pdf | archive-date=2009-03-20 | url-status=dead}}</ref> as a result, Brazil hasn't had its territory invaded since 1865 during the [[Paraguayan War]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI14439-15273-3,00-UMA+NOVA+AGENDA+MILITAR.html |title=Especial – NOTÍCIAS – Uma nova agenda militar |publisher=Revistaepoca.globo.com |access-date=2010-06-19 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224065239/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI14439-15273-3,00-UMA+NOVA+AGENDA+MILITAR.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Additionally, Brazil has no contested territorial disputes with any of its neighbours<ref name="ReferenceD"/> and neither does it have rivalries, like [[Chile]] and [[Bolivia]] have with each other.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200610/25/eng20061025_315049.html |title=People's Daily Online – Bolivia bans Argentina from reselling gas to Chile |publisher=English.peopledaily.com.cn |date=2006-10-25 |access-date=2010-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3632235.stm | work=BBC News | title=Fresh anger over Bolivia gas plan | date=April 16, 2004 | access-date=April 1, 2010}}</ref> However, Brazil is the only country besides China and Russia that has land borders with 10 or more nations. Moreover, Brazil has {{convert|16,880|km|mi|sp=us}} of land borders<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |url=http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI14439-15273-2,00-UMA+NOVA+AGENDA+MILITAR.html |title=Especial – NOTÍCIAS – Uma nova agenda militar |publisher=Revistaepoca.globo.com |access-date=2010-06-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325232014/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0%2C%2CEMI14439-15273-2%2C00-UMA%2BNOVA%2BAGENDA%2BMILITAR.html |archive-date=2017-03-25 }}</ref> and {{convert|7367|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="educacao.uol.com.br">{{cite web|url=http://educacao.uol.com.br/geografia/litoral-brasileiro.jhtm |title=Litoral brasileiro – Geografia – UOL Educação |publisher=Educacao.uol.com.br |date=2007-12-20 |access-date=2010-06-19}}</ref> of coastline to be patrolled and defended. Overall, the Armed Forces have to defend 8.5&nbsp;million km<sup>2</sup> (around 3.2&nbsp;million sq. mi.) of land and patrol 4.4&nbsp;million km<sup>2</sup> (around 1.7&nbsp;million sq. mi.)<ref>[https://www.mar.mil.br/secirm/document/livrogeo.pdf] (p.22) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320032951/https://www.mar.mil.br/secirm/document/livrogeo.pdf|date=March 20, 2009}}</ref> of [[territorial waters]] – or ''[[Brazilian Blue Amazon|Blue Amazon]]'', as the [[Brazilian Navy]] calls them.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mar.mil.br/menu_v/amazonia_azul/amazonia_azul.htm| title = Amazônia Azul<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref> To achieve this mission, significant manpower and funding is required.

==Military history of Brazil==
{{see also|Armed Forces of the Empire of Brazil}}

Since 1648 the Brazilian Armed Forces have been relied upon to fight in defense of Brazilian sovereignty and to suppress civil rebellions. The Brazilian military also has three times intervened militarily to overthrow the [[Government of Brazil|Brazilian government]].<ref name="revistaepoca.globo.com">{{cite web |url=http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/1,,EMI14440-15273,00.html |title=Especial – NOTÍCIAS – Os pés de barro de um gigante |publisher=Revistaepoca.globo.com |access-date=2010-06-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825094407/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/1%2C%2CEMI14440-15273%2C00.html |archive-date=2010-08-25 }}</ref>

The Brazilian Armed Forces were subordinated to the Emperor, its [[Commander-in-Chief]].<ref>See Articles 102 and 148 of the Brazilian Constitution of 1824</ref> He was aided by the [[Ministry of Defence (Brazil)|Ministers of War and Navy]] in regard to matters concerning the [[Brazilian Army|Army]] and the [[Brazilian Navy|Armada]], respectively. Traditionally, the Ministers of War and Navy were civilians but there were some exceptions.<ref name=Carvalho193>Carvalho (2007), p.193</ref><ref>Lyra, p.84</ref> The model chosen was the British parliamentary or Anglo-American system, in which "the country's Armed Forces observed [[Civilian control of the military|unrestricted obedience]] to the civilian government while maintaining distance from political decisions and decisions referring to borders' security".<ref>Pedrosa, p.289</ref>

The military personnel were allowed to run and serve in political offices while staying on active duty. However, they did not represent the Army or the Armada but instead the population of the city or province where elected.<ref name=Carvalho193/> [[Pedro I of Brazil|Dom Pedro I]] chose nine military personnel as [[Senate of Brazil|Senators]] and five (out of 14) to the State Council. During the Regency, two were chosen to the Senate and none to the State Council as there was no Council at the time. [[Pedro II of Brazil|Dom Pedro II]] chose four military personnel to become Senators during the 1840s, two in the 1850s and three until the end of his reign. He also chose seven military personnel to be State Counselors during the 1840s and 1850s and three after that.<ref>Holanda, pp.241–242</ref>

It has built a tradition of participating in UN [[peacekeeping]] missions such as in [[Haiti]] and [[East Timor]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/01/world/brazil-is-leading-a-largely-south-american-mission-to-haiti.html | work=The New York Times | title=Brazil Is Leading a Largely South American Mission to Haiti | first=Larry | last=Rohter | date=August 1, 2004 | access-date=April 1, 2010}}</ref> Below a list of some of the historical events in which the Brazilian Armed Forces took part:

===Armed conflicts involving Brazil===
''{{see also|List of wars involving Brazil}}''
* [[First Battle of Guararapes]] (1648): Decisive Portuguese victory that helped end [[Dutch Brazil|Dutch occupation]]. Due to this battle, the year 1648 is considered as the year of the foundation of the Brazilian Army.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI14439-15273-4,00-UMA+NOVA+AGENDA+MILITAR.html |title=Especial – NOTÍCIAS – Uma nova agenda militar |publisher=Revistaepoca.globo.com |access-date=2010-06-19 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305013600/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EMI14439-15273-4,00-UMA+NOVA+AGENDA+MILITAR.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Invasion of Cayenne (1809)]] (1809) : Was a combined military operation by an Anglo-Portuguese expeditionary force against Cayenne, capital of the French South American colony of French Guiana in 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars.
* [[Luso-Brazilian invasion]] (1816–1820) : Was an armed conflict between the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves and the partisans of José Artigas over the Banda Oriental (Eastern Bank), present-day Uruguay.
* [[Brazilian Declaration of Independence|Brazilian War of Independence]] (1822–1824): Series of military campaigns that had as objective to cement Brazilian sovereignty and end Portuguese resistance.
* [[Confederation of the Equator]] (1824) : Was a short-lived rebellion that occurred in the northeastern region of Brazil during that nation's struggle for independence from Portugal.
* [[Cisplatine War]] (1825–1828) : Armed conflict over an area known as Banda Oriental or "Eastern Shore" between the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and Empire of Brazil in the aftermath of the United Provinces' emancipation from Spain.
* [[Ragamuffin War]] (1835–1845) : Was a Republican uprising that began in southern Brazil, in the states of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] and [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] in 1835. The rebels, led by Generals Bento Gonçalves da Silva and Antônio de Sousa Neto with the support of the Italian fighter [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], surrendered to imperial forces in 1845.
* [[Platine War]] (1851–1852): The Brazilian Empire and its allies went to war against the dictator [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]] of the [[Argentine Confederation]].
* [[Uruguayan War]] (1864–1865): Brazilian intervention in [[Uruguay]]. With support from Argentina, imperial forces deposed President [[Atanasio Aguirre]] from office and instated general [[Venancio Flores]] in his place.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://historia2ano.blogspot.com/2008/11/17-formao-dos-pases-platinos.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709035552/http://historia2ano.blogspot.com/2008/11/17-formao-dos-pases-platinos.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-09 |title=História 2 Ano: 17 – Formação dos países platinos |publisher=Historia2ano.blogspot.com |date=2008-11-17 |access-date=2010-06-19 }}</ref>
* [[Paraguayan War]] (1864–1870): Over 200,000 Brazilians fought on this conflict,<ref name="ReferenceA" /> which is considered as the most serious in Brazilian history.<ref>Arruda, José and Piletti, Nelson -''Toda a História'' (1997)(7° edition)(229 p.)</ref>
* [[Brazilian Naval Revolt]] (1893–1894) : Were armed mutinies promoted mainly by Admirals Custodio de Mello and Saldanha da Gama and their fleet of Brazilian Navy ships against unconstitutional staying in power of the central government in Rio de Janeiro.
* [[War of Canudos]] (1893–1897): The deadliest rebellion of Brazil, the insurrectionists defeated the first 3 military forces sent to quell the rebellion.<ref name="ReferenceA" />
* [[Contestado War]] (1912–1916) : Was a guerrilla war for land between settlers and landowners, the latter supported by the Brazilian state's police and military forces. The war lasted from October 1912 to August 1916.
* [[Brazil during World War I]]: Brazil entered into World War I in 1917 alongside the [[Triple Entente]]. Brazil's effort in World War I occurred mainly in the Atlantic campaign, with a smaller participation in the land warfare.
* [[Constitutionalist Revolution]] (1932) : Was the armed movement occurred in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, between July and October 1932, which aimed at the overthrow of the Provisional Government of Getúlio Vargas and the promulgation of a new constitution for Brazil.
* [[Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB)|Brazil in World War II]] (1942–1945): Brazil declared war on [[Nazi Germany]] in August 1942<ref name="revistaepoca.globo.com" /> and in 1944 sent an Expeditionary Force of 25,334 soldiers to fight in Italy. Brazil also supplied vital raw materials for the war effort and ceded important airbases at Natal and Fernando de Noronha Archipel that made possible the North African invasion, i.e. [[Operation Torch]], and had a key role in patrolling the South Atlantic sea lanes.
Brazilian Expeditionary Force, initially composed of an infantry division, eventually covered all Brazilian military forces who participated in the conflict, including the Brazilian Air Force who did a remarkable job in the last nine months of war with 445 missions executed. Offensive: 2546, Defensive: 4.<ref>Koshiba, Luiz and Pereira, Denise – ''História do Brasil'' (1999) (7° edition) (291 p.)</ref>

===Brazilian military coups d'état===
Although no military coups occurred during the 67 years of the [[Brazilian Empire]], the Republican period experienced four military coups d'état in the 75 years between 1889 and 1964.
* [[History of Brazil (1889–1930)#Constitutionalist Revolution|Proclamation of the Republic]] (1889): End of the [[Brazilian Empire]], this was the first [[coup d'état]] by the Brazilian military.<ref name="ReferenceA" />
* [[Revolution of 1930]]: Second military overthrow of government,<ref name="revistaepoca.globo.com" /> in which President [[Washington Luís]] was replaced by Getúlio Vargas, who became the Provisional President.
* [[1945 Brazilian coup d'état|End of ''Estado Novo'']] (1945): Then Dictator [[Getúlio Vargas]] was deposed by [[general]]s and General [[Eurico Dutra]] was elected president.<ref name="revistaepoca.globo.com" />
* [[1964 Brazilian coup d'état]]: President [[João Goulart]] was removed from office, leading to a military dictatorship which lasted until 1985.<ref name="revistaepoca.globo.com" />

==Ministry of Defence==
{{Main|Ministry of Defence (Brazil)}}
[[File:Foto Oficial do Senhor Ministro da Defesa José Múcio Monteiro Filho (52624967260).jpg|left|thumb|[[José Múcio]], the current defence minister.]]
[[File:Minist%C3%A9rio_de_Defesa_do_Brasil.JPG|thumb|right|Ministry of Defense of Brazil]]
On 10 July 1999, the Ministry of Defence was created, with the abolition of the EMFA and the merger of all three ministries of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy and Air Force) into a singular ministry of the Cabinet.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/brazil/mod.htm| title = About Ministry of Defense of Brazil}}</ref>

===Joint Staff of the Armed Forces===
{{Main|Joint Staff of the Armed Forces}}
[[File:Concha Acústica do Exército.jpg|thumb|[[Army High Command]] HQ in Brasília]]

Joint Staff of the Armed Forces is an agency of the Ministry of Defense of Brazil, which centralizes the coordination of command of the armed forces: Army, Navy and Air Force. It was created by Complementary Law No. 136 of 25 August 2010, and has in Ordinance No. 1429 its operating guidelines.

Advising the Minister of Defense in the upper direction of the armed forces, aiming the organization, preparation and employment, in order to fulfill its constitutional mission and its subsidiaries assignments, with the goals strategic planning and the joint use of the military services.

It is up to JSAF plan together and integrated employment of staff of the Navy, Army and Air Force, optimizing the use of the military and logistical support in the defense of the country and in peacekeeping, humanitarian and rescue operations; border security; and civil defense actions.

The body has its powers and duties according to the Regimental Structure approved by Decree 7.9744, April 1, 2013. Since its inception, the JSAF has worked with the Central Administration of the Ministry of Defence, on the Esplanade of Ministries in Brasilia (DF).

The head of the JSAF is private of a general officer of the last post, active or reserve, designated by the Ministry of Defence and appointed by the president. Their hierarchical level is the same of the military commanders of the Navy, Army and Air Force. Under the coordination of the Joint Armed Forces also operates the Committee of Chiefs of Staffs of the military services.

The current head of JSAF is the Admiral [[Renato Rodrigues de Aguiar Freire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2022/12/09/forcas-armadas-escolha-de-comandantes-seguira-criterio-de-antiguidade-diz-mucio.ghtml|title=Forças Armadas: escolha de comandantes seguirá critério de antiguidade, diz Múcio|website=G1|language=pt|date=9 December 2022}}</ref>

==Brazilian Army==
{{Main|Brazilian Army}}
The [[Army High Command]] of Brazil is formed by the Army Commander and other [[army general]]s in active service.<ref name="esg.br/">{{cite web|url=http://www.esg.br/index.php/br/2014-02-19-17-51-50/apresentacao|title=Apresentação|website=esg.br|accessdate=19 July 2021}}</ref> The country current have sixteen active 4-star generals, several of them in command posts. The mission of ACE include the selection of a list of candidates to the post of commander, the prospection of regional and global political situations, among others roles. All Brazilian generals are graduates of the [[Brazilian Superior War School]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/malu-gaspar/post/alto-comando-do-exercito-se-reune-para-tratar-da-crise-com-bolsonaro-e-pazuello.html|title=Alto Comando do Exército se reúne para tratar da crise com Bolsonaro e Pazuello|website=O Globo|date=2 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esg.br/index.php/es/2014-02-19-17-51-50/nossa-historia|title=História da ESG|accessdate=19 July 2021}}</ref>

===FORPRON===
The ''Brazilian Army Readiness Forces'' (''Forças de Prontidão do Exército Brasileiro'' in Portuguese), is a division of the Army created to be ready for real combat 365 days per year. This division composed of 15,000 infantry troops, paratroopers and armored cavalry brigades is able to operate in real missions of conventional combat, law and order guarantee and interagency operations within the Brazilian territory or as divisional forces abroad led by officers from the ''General Staff of the Readiness Forces'' subordinate to the Army High Command.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defesanet.com.br/terrestre/noticia/42192/Exercicio-de-Certificacao-da-FORPRON-da-10%C2%AA-Brigada-entra-em-fase-de-planejamento-/#:~:text=FORPRON%20O%20objetivo%20da%20FORPRON,da%20ordem%20e%20opera%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20interag%C3%AAncias.|title=Exercício de Certificação da FORPRON da 10ª Brigada entra em fase de planejamento|website=DefesaNet|date=2 September 2021|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defesaaereanaval.com.br/exercito/forpron-26o-batalhao-de-infantaria-para-quedista-esta-certificada-para-atuar-em-qualquer-local-do-territorio-nacional-e-internacional|title=FORPRON: 26º Batalhão de Infantaria Pára-quedista está certificada para atuar em qualquer local do território nacional e internacional|website=Defesa Aerea e Naval|date=18 May 2022|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/exercitooficial/status/1609249275174592514|title=FORPRON|website=Brazilian Army Twitter|date=31 December 2022|language=pt}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Infantryy.jpg|Brazilian Army [[Infantry]]
File:Blindados em Rosário do Sul - RS (9919079464).jpg|[[Leopard 1|Leopard 1A5]] main battle tank
File:Cavalaria (29242886961).jpg|Brazilian [[VBTP-MR Guarani]] IFVs
File:Cavalaria (28698748214).jpg|[[EE-9 Cascavel]] armored reconnaissance
File:Cavalaria (29242889921).jpg|[[Leopard 1|Leopard 1A5]] in night shooting exercise
File:19 04 2022- Dia do Exército Brasileiro (52017080500).jpg|Brazilian Army [[EC725]]
File:Ministro Jaques Wagner assiste exercício de artilharia antiaérea do Exército (20161936520).jpg|Brazilian [[Flakpanzer Gepard]]
File:Exército Brasileiro (4968751470).jpg|[[Electronic warfare|Electronic Warfare]] trucks
File:Junglee.jpg|[[Jungle warfare|Jungle Warfare]] infantry
File:Aviation Command.jpg|[[Airmobile]] infantry with a [[Eurocopter AS565 Panther|AS565 Panther]] of the [[Brazilian Army Aviation Command|Aviation Command]]
File:Paratroopers.jpg|Brazilian Army [[Paratrooper]]s
File:Makunfron.jpg|Border [[Battalion]] Soldier
File:Specialforces.jpg|[[Special Operations Command (Brazil)|Army Special Forces]]
File:Brazilian military helicopter underway, 2012.jpg|Brazilian [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60 Black Hawk]] in the Amazon region
File:Combatente da Caatinga (26700198395).jpg|Brazilian [[Caatinga]] soldiers
</gallery>

==Brazilian Navy==
{{Main|Brazilian Navy}}
The navy ({{langx|pt|Marinha do Brasil}}) has eight bases throughout Brazil.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/brazil/navy.htm| title = Brazilian Navy}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Operação "Poseidon 2021" (51474511477).jpg|Helicopter carrier [[Brazilian aircraft carrier Atlântico|''Atlântico'']]
File:Operação Poseidon (51443464716).jpg|[[Eurocopter EC725|EC725]] helicopter aboard [[Brazilian aircraft carrier Atlântico|''Atlântico'']]
File:GLAM MB Piloto Caça Untitled-1 (36124829324).jpg|Brazilian Navy [[Douglas A-4 Skyhawk|A-4 Skyhawk]]
File:Aspirantex 2020 (49488413213).jpg|Frigate [[Brazilian frigate Constituição (F-42)|''Constituição'']] underway
File:US Navy 110422-N-ZI300-115 The Brazilian navy frigate Bosisio (F 48) fires at an unmanned aerial vehicle during a drone exercise (DRONEX) with ship.jpg|Brazilian [[frigate]]s in shooting exercise
File:GLAM MB IMG 4068 (28933649305).jpg|Corvette [[Brazilian corvette Barroso (V-34)|''Barroso'']] firing missile [[Exocet]]
File:Lançamento de Armas 2021 Exocet 11 (51279148576).png|[[Eurocopter EC725|EC725]] firing an [[Exocet]] missile
File:ABC 3561 (26818408105).jpg|[[Task force|Task Force]] with [[NDM Bahia (G40)|''Bahia'']] leading
File:Aeronaves UH 15 - Super Cougar (52098235541).jpg|Brazilian Navy squadron of [[Eurocopter EC725|EC725]]s in flight
File:Operação Formosa 2014 (15481886779).jpg|Brazilian Marines [[Astros II|ASTROS]] system
File:Operação Ágata Norte 2022 - Operação Demonstrativa em Belém (PA) (52130022414).jpg|Brazilian Navy SOF ([[GRUMEC]])
File:Operação Formosa 2016 (30388031181).jpg|Brazilian Marines SOF ([[COMANF]])
File:Aeronave ScanEagle em um lançador (52200554203).jpg|Brazilian [[Boeing Insitu ScanEagle|ScanEagle]] UAV
File:Fuzileiros Navais (32669765020).jpg|Brazilian Marines [[Mowag Piranha|MOWAG Piranha]]
</gallery>

==Brazilian Air Force==
{{Main|Brazilian Air Force}}
The Brazilian Air Force ({{langx|pt|Força Aérea Brasileira}}, {{IPA|pt|ˌfoʁsaˈɛɾjɐ bɾaziˈlejɾɐ|}}, also known as ''FAB'', {{IPA|pt|ˈfabi|}} or {{IPA|pt|ˌɛfiaˈbe|}}) is the second-largest air force in the Americas (behind only the United States) and has around 70,000 active [[personnel]]. The FAB is subdivided into four operational commands.
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Brazilian Saab Gripen E (cropped).jpg|[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen|F-39E Gripen]] during an exercise
File:22 10 2021 Solenidade Militar alusiva ao Dia do Aviador e ao Dia da Força Aérea Brasileira (51619395824).jpg|[[Embraer C-390 Millennium|KC-390]] in formation with [[Northrop F-5|F-5M]] and [[Saab JAS 39 Gripen|F-39E]]
File:Aeronave A-29 Super Tucano em voo sobre a Floresta Amazônica.jpg|[[Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano|A-29 Super Tucano]] patrolling the [[Amazon rainforest]]
File:Brazilian Air Force AMX air-to-air refuelling.jpg|[[AMX International AMX|AMX]] attack aircraft
File:Brazilian Gripen F-39E (cropped).jpg|[[Saab JAS 39 Gripen|F-39E Gripen]] multirole fighter
File:Sábado Aéreo 2014 (15101174380).jpg|[[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|UH-60L]] helicopter
File:R99 - RIAT 2007 (2370466415).jpg|Brazilian Air Force [[Embraer R-99|E-99]] AEW&C
File:CRUZEX 2013 (10798689103).jpg|Two [[Northrop F-5|F-5M]] taking off in aerial alert
File:Operação Atlântico 2018 (31993852168).jpg|Brazilian Air Force [[Eurocopter EC725|EC725]]
File:P3am-orion.jpg|[[Lockheed P-3 Orion|P-3AM Orion]] patrol aircraft
File:Revo02.jpg|Air Force [[Lockheed Martin KC-130|KC-130]] refuels [[Eurocopter EC725|H-36 Caracal]] over [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]
File:Vant Hermes 450 da FAB no aeroporto de Cáceres (MT) (8101398607).jpg|[[Elbit Hermes 450|RQ-450]] UAV
File:Infantaria.jpg|Brazilian [[Air force ground forces and special forces|Air Force Infantry]]
File:Parasar.jpg|Air Force SOF ([[Para-SAR]])
</gallery>

==Brazilian aerospace command==
{{Main | Aerospace Operations Command}}
[[File:Comae.png|thumb|right|Coat of arms of [[Aerospace Operations Command]]]]
The Aerospace Operations Command is a Brazilian [[space command|air and space command]] created in 2017<ref name="COMAE 1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fab.mil.br/organizacoes/mostra/455/|title=COMAE|access-date=12 July 2021|website=Brazilian Air Force|language=pt}}</ref> and is part of the [[Brazilian Air Force]].  It is responsible for planning, coordinating, executing and controlling the country's air and space operations.<ref name="COMAE 2">{{Cite news|url=https://br.linkedin.com/company/comae|title=COMAE media|access-date=12 July 2021|language=pt}}</ref>  The [[Brazilian Navy]] and [[Brazilian Army]] also are part of the organization.

==Troop relocation==
[[File:19 04 2022 - Ministro da Defesa prestigia celebração dos 374 anos do Exército (52017823580).jpg|thumb|right|Leopard 1A5BR]]
Brazil has the need to patrol its {{convert|16,880|km|mi|sp=us}} of land borders.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> Since the 1990s Brazil has been relocating its forces in accordance to this [[national security]] requirement.

Between 1992 and 2008, the ''1st, 2nd'' and ''16th Jungle Infantry Brigades'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fazenda.gov.br/resenhaeletronica/MostraMateria.asp?page=&cod=372337 |title=Entrevista – Enzo Martins Peri |publisher=Resenha Eletrônica |access-date=2010-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021221658/http://www.fazenda.gov.br/resenhaeletronica/MostraMateria.asp?page=&cod=372337 |archive-date=2008-10-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fab.mil.br/portal/operacoes_aereas/solimoes/ft.htm |title=:: Operação TIMBÓ IV :: |publisher=Fab.mil.br |access-date=2010-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706161001/http://www.fab.mil.br/portal/operacoes_aereas/solimoes/ft.htm |archive-date=2011-07-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the ''3rd Infantry Battalion'', the ''19th Logistics Battalion'', and the ''22nd Army Police Platoon'' were transferred by the [[Brazilian Army|Army]] from the states of [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] and [[Rio Grande do Sul]] to the [[Brazilian Amazon|Amazon]] region<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |url=http://odia.terra.com.br/economia/htm/uniao_cortara_tropa_do_rio_168086.asp |title=O DIA Online – União cortará tropa do Rio |access-date=2008-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216142630/http://odia.terra.com.br/economia/htm/uniao_cortara_tropa_do_rio_168086.asp |archive-date=2008-12-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in accordance with the [[Argentina–Brazil relations#Democratization (1985)|friendship policy with Argentina]]. After those redeployments the number of Army troops in that region rose to 25,000.<ref name="estado.com.br">{{cite web|url=http://www.estado.com.br/editorias/2008/04/20/pol-1.93.11.20080420.1.1.xml |title=Estadão.com.br |date=2008-04-20 |access-date=2010-06-19}}</ref> Also relocated from the state of Rio de Janeiro were the ''1st'' and ''3rd Combat Cars Regiment'', now stationed in the city of [[Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul|Santa Maria]], in the state of [[Rio Grande do Sul]].<ref name="autogenerated1" />

However, despite those efforts, the presence of the Armed Forces on the border regions of the [[Brazilian Amazon]] continues to be sparse and disperse, given the fact that the Army has just 28 border detachments in that area, a total of 1,600 soldiers, or 1 man for every {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} of borders.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> More redeployments are expected since the states of Rio de Janeiro, [[Minas Gerais]] and [[Espírito Santo]] still concentrate over 49,000 soldiers.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> In May 2008, the Navy announced new plans to reposition its forces throughout Brazil.<ref name="autogenerated1" />

==Communications and territorial surveillance==
The Brazilian territory corresponds to 47.3% of the South American continent,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.int/brazil/brasil/brazil-land.htm|title=Brazil – Land|last=<!--not specified-->|date=<!--not specified-->|website=Permanent Missions|publisher=United Nations|at=Geography|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023154830/http://www.un.int/brazil/brasil/brazil-land.htm|archive-date=23 October 2014|access-date=<!--not specified-->}}</ref> and its land border is over 16.000&nbsp;km and 4,5 million km2 of sea territory.<ref name="SISFRON">{{cite web |url=http://www.epex.eb.mil.br/index.php/sisfron |title=SISFRON |website=[[Brazilian Army]] |language=pt}}</ref> With the objective of ensuring Brazil's sovereignty, strategic monitoring and communications projects have been launched in recent years.

===SGDC===
[[File:23062020 Cerimônia de Inauguração do Centro de Operações Espaciais Principal (COPE-P).jpg|thumb|right|Inauguration of the ''Space Operations Center'' in Brasília, June 2020.]]
The ''Geostationary Defense and Strategic Communications Satellites'' or ''SGDC'', are geostationary communication satellites developed by the [[Brazilian Air Force]] and the [[Brazilian Space Agency]], created with the objective of operating strategic military, government and civil communications, also offering broadband internet throughout the national territory.<ref name="SGDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.fab.mil.br/noticias/mostra/35918/ESPA%C3%87O%20-%20Cerim%C3%B4nia%20marca%20inaugura%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20das%20instala%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20do%20Centro%20de%20Opera%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20Espaciais |title=Cerimônia marca inauguração das instalações do Centro de Operações Espaciais |website=[[Brazilian Air Force]] |date=June 24, 2020|language=pt}}</ref> The first satellite called [[SGDC-1]], was launched in 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/ciencia-e-saude/noticia/governo-lanca-satelite-que-permitira-acesso-a-banda-larga-em-areas-remotas.ghtml |title=Brasil lança satélite que permitirá acesso à banda larga em áreas remotas |work=[[G1 (website)|G1]], Brasília |date=May 4, 2017 |access-date=June 25, 2020|language=pt}}</ref> and the [[SGDC-2]] has planned to launch in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last=Henry |first=Caleb |url=https://spacenews.com/brazil-to-order-second-dual-civil-military-communications-satellite/ |title=Brazil to order second dual civil-military communications satellite |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=April 10, 2019 |access-date=June 25, 2020}}</ref> The ''Space Operations Center'' (COPE) was inaugurated in 2020, subordinated to the [[Aerospace Operations Command]], with the objective of operating the satellites.<ref name="SGDC"/>

===SISFRON===
[[File:Ponta Pora radar station (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Ponta Porã radar station]]
The ''Integrated Border Monitoring System'' (SISFRON) is a border system developed by the [[Brazilian Army]] for supporting operational employment decisions, operating in an integrated manner with all defense systems in the country, whose purpose is to strengthen the presence and capacity for monitoring and action in the national land border strip. Was conceived at the initiative of the Army Command, as a result of the approval of the ''National Defense Strategy'' in 2008, which guides the organization of the Armed Forces.<ref name="SISFRON"/> The ''SISFRON'' are deployed along the 16,886 kilometers of the border line, favoring the employment of organizations subordinate to the North, West, Southern and the Amazon military commands.<ref name="SISFRON"/>

===SisGAAz===
The ''Blue Amazon Management System'', is a surveillance system developed by the [[Brazilian Navy]], in order to oversee the [[Exclusive economic zone of Brazil|Blue Amazon]], the country's exclusive economic zone and a resource-rich area covering about {{convert|4500000|km2||abbr=on|sp=us}} off the Brazilian coast. This area is home to a huge diversity of [[Marine life|marine species]], valuable metallic minerals and other [[Mineral|mineral resources]], [[petroleum]], and the world's second largest [[Rare-earth element|rare-earth]] reserve.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brasil tem segunda maior reserva mundial de terras raras, mas não aparece entre os maiores produtores|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/brasil-tem-segunda-maior-reserva-mundial-de-terras-raras-mas-nao-aparece-entre-os-maiores-produtores-23703560|publisher=O Globo|language=pt|date=30 May 2019}}</ref> The SisGAAz integrates equipment and systems composed of radars incorporated on land and vessels, as well as high resolution cameras and features such as the fusion of information received from collaborative systems.<ref>{{cite news |title=SisGAAz: Proteção e Monitoramento das Águas Jurisdicionais Brasileiras|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/sisgaaz-protecao-e-monitoramento-das-aguas-jurisdicionais-brasileiras|website=Brazilian Navy|language=pt}}</ref>

===Link-BR2===
{{Main|Link-BR2}}

The ''Link-BR2'' is a datalink developed by the Air Force and the Brazilian defence company [[AEL Sistemas]], this technology allow the exchange of data such radar information, videos and images with other units of the three branches anytime and anywhere, using an advanced encrypted protocol with a high degree of security.<ref>{{cite news |title=FAB coloca para rodar sistema de última geração feito para o caça Gripen|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/radar/fab-coloca-para-rodar-sistema-de-ultima-geracao-feito-para-o-caca-gripen|website=Veja|date=16 December 2020|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FAB prepara os testes de voo do Projeto Link-BR2|url=https://tecnodefesa.com.br/fab-prepara-os-testes-de-voo-do-projeto-link-br2|website=Tecnodefesa|date=1 December 2020|language=pt}}</ref>

==Future==
{{Main|Future of the Brazilian Armed Forces}}

==See also==
* [[Joint Staff of the Armed Forces]]
* [[Brazilian Naval Aviation]]
* [[Brazilian Navy]]
**[[Brazilian Marines]]
* [[Brazilian Army]]
** [[Brazilian Army Aviation]]
* [[Brazilian Air Force]]
* [[National Force of Public Safety]]
* [[National Defense Council (Brazil)]]
* [[Brazil and weapons of mass destruction]]
* [[Policing in Brazil]]
** [[Military Police (Brazil)|Military Police of Brazilian States]]
** [[Rondas Ostensivas Tobias de Aguiar]]: Military Police of the State of São Paulo.
** [[Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais|BOPE]]: Special Police Operations Battalion of the Military Police of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
** [[Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State]]
* [[List of Wars involving Brazil]]
* [[Military of the Empire of Brazil]]

==References==
{{Reflist|40em}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book| title=The Military Balance 2018| author1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| author-link1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| date=14 February 2018| publisher=[[Routledge]]| location=[[London]]| isbn=9781857439557| ref=IISS2018}} 
*{{cite book| title=The Military Balance 2012| author1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| author-link1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| date=7 March 2012| publisher=[[Routledge]]| location=[[London]]| isbn=978-1857436426| ref=IISS2012}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Military of Brazil}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071204213707/https://www.defesa.gov.br/ Brazilian Ministry of Defence]
* [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/ Brazil military profile] from the ''[[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]''
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/brazil/index.html Brazil military guide] from GlobalSecurity.org

{{Brazil topics}}
{{Military of Brazil}}
{{Military of South America}}

[[Category:Military of Brazil| ]]