Editing Breidbart Index

{{short description|Most significant cancel index in Usenet}}
{{redirect|Breidbart|similarly named persons and entities|Breitbart}}

{{lead too short|date=January 2013}}
The '''Breidbart Index''', developed by Seth Breidbart, is the most significant ''cancel index'' in [[Usenet]].

A cancel index measures the dissemination intensity of substantively identical articles. If the index exceeds a threshold the articles are called [[newsgroup spam]]. They can then be removed using third party cancel controls.

==Cancel Index==
*[[Crossposting]] is the act of posting the same message to multiple newsgroups
*'''Multiposting''' is the act of posting the same contents multiple times

The principal idea of the ''Breidbart-Index'' is to give these methods different weight.<ref>[https://groups.google.com/group/news.admin.misc/msg/6e7f15c048a71019 &lt;news:36i6hk$3li@panix3.panix.com&gt;]</ref>
With a crossposted message less data needs to be transferred and stored.
And excessive crossposts (ECP) are also a likely beginner's error, while excessive multiposts (EMP) suggest deliberate usage of special software.

The crucial issue is categorizing multiple articles as ''substantively identical''.<ref name="thresholds"/>
This includes
*byte-for-byte identical messages
*otherwise identical postings minimally customized for each group it appears in
*advertising the same service
*articles that consist solely of the same signature
*articles which consist of inclusions of other user's postings, but are otherwise identical

==Breidbart Index (BI)==
The Breidbart Index of a set of articles is defined as the sum of the square root of ''n'', where ''n'' is the number of newsgroups to which an article is [[Crossposting|cross posted]].

;Formula
<math>\mbox{BI} = \sum_{k=1}^m \sqrt{n_k}</math>

;Example
Two copies of a posting are made, one to 9 groups, and one to 16.

<math>\sqrt{9} + \sqrt{16} = 3 + 4 = 7</math>

==Breidbart-Index, Version 2 (BI2)==
A more aggressive criterion, Breidbart Index Version 2, has been proposed. The BI2 is defined as the sum of the square root of ''n'', plus the sum of ''n'', divided by two.<ref name="thresholds"/> A single message would only need to be crossposted to 35 newsgroups to breach the threshold of 20.

;Formula
<math>\mbox{BI2} = \sum_{k=1}^m \frac{n_k + \sqrt{n_k}}{2}</math>

;Example
Two copies of a posting are made, one to 9 groups, and one to 16.

<math>\frac{\sqrt{9} + \sqrt{16} + 9 + 16}{2} =
\frac{3 + 4 + 9 + 16}{2} = \frac{32}{2} = 16</math>

==Skirvin-Breidbart Index (SBI, BI3)==
The name ''Skirvin-Breidbart Index'' and the abbreviation SBI are mentioned in the ''Spam Thresholds FAQ''.<ref name="thresholds"/> However, in hierarchy nl.* this index is called BI3.<ref name="nl.faq"/>

The SBI is calculated similar to the BI2 but adds up the number of groups in <kbd>Followup-to:</kbd> (if present) instead of the number of groups in <kbd>Newsgroups:</kbd>. This encourages the use of Followup-to:.

;Example
Two posts contain the same text. One is crossposted to 9 groups. The other is crossposted to 16, with four groups in Followup-to:.

<math>\frac{\sqrt{9} + \sqrt{16} + 9 + 4}{2} =
\frac{3 + 4 + 9 + 4}{2} = \frac{20}{2} = 10</math>

==BI7 and BI30==
In hierarchy de.* the Breidbart index is used with a time range of seven days instead of 45. This is denoted by the abbreviation ''BI7''.<ref name="de.result"/>

In hierarchy <code>hamster.de.*</code> the Breidbart index is used with a time range of 30 days instead of 45. This is denoted by the abbreviation ''BI30''.<ref name="hamster.de.faq"/>

==Cancel Index in at.*==
This is defined in the FAQ <ref name="at.sciat">[http://www.pfeifer.com/gerald/spam/FAQ.html Spam Cancel in at.* (FAQ)]</ref> of the group at.usenet.cancel-reports.
The term used in the Call for Votes <ref name="at.cfv">[https://groups.google.com/group/at.usenet.announce/msg/5c062d8beec52a92 &lt;news:CfV$1$at.usenet.cancel-reports$3@usenet.backbone.at&gt;]</ref> and in the FAQ is "Cancel-Index".
Unofficial abbreviations are ''CI'' and ''ACI''.

The ACI of a single post equals 3 plus the number of groups that the post was sent to. The index of multiple posts is the sum of the indices of the individual posts.

==Thresholds==
* According to RFC 1036 only the author of the target message or the administrator of the site that injected the message is allowed to send a cancel.
* According to the Spam Thresholds FAQ <ref name="thresholds">[http://wiki.killfile.org/projects/usenet/faqs/spam/ Spam Thresholds FAQ]</ref> a BI of 20/45 applies to all hierarchies. Series of articles above this limit may be canceled by everyone.
* In some hierarchies alternative (stricter) limits were defined through a public vote.
* No cancel messages or any derivatives thereof are allowed within free.*.<ref>[http://wiki.killfile.org/projects/usenet/faqs/free/ free.* FAQ]</ref>

In fact a cancel message is a just a non-binding request to remove a certain article.
[[News server]] operators can freely decide on how to implement the conflicting policies.<ref>[http://wiki.killfile.org/projects/usenet/faqs/cancel/ Cancel Messages: Frequently Asked Questions]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Hierarchy
! Cancel Index
! Time Range
! Limit
! Reports
! Definition
|-
| *
| BI
| 45
| 20
| news.admin.net-abuse.bulletins
| <ref name="thresholds" />
|-
| at.*
| ACI
| 45
| 11
| at.usenet.cancel-reports
| <ref name="at.cfv"/><ref name="at.result">[https://groups.google.com/group/at.usenet.announce/msg/5c062d8beec52a92 &lt;news:Result-festlegung-bi-06-05-1999@dana.de&gt;]</ref>
|-
| at.anzeigen.*
| ACI
| 14
| 4
| at.usenet.cancel-reports
| <ref>[https://groups.google.com/group/at.anzeigen.sonstiges/msg/85adfd5d1ff9287b &lt;news:938889391/18913@usenet.backbone.at&gt;]</ref><ref>[https://groups.google.com/group/at.usenet.announce/msg/d58b457106d043ba &lt;news:RESULT-Entfernung_von_at.anzeigen.computer.haendler-03.10.1999@orcus.priv.at&gt;]</ref>
|-
| bln.*
| BI
| 45
| 3
|
| <ref name="de.markt.arbeit.faq">[http://home.snafu.de/hweede/dma.htm Die Jobbörse in den Newsgroups: de.markt.arbeit.*]</ref>
|-
| de.*
| BI
| 7
| 5
| de.admin.net-abuse.announce
| <ref name="de.result">[https://groups.google.com/group/de.admin.news.announce/msg/4fc0ae92daa76052 &lt;news:Result-festlegung-bi-06-05-1999@dana.de&gt;], http://home.snafu.de/hweede/debi.txt</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://filmateleven.de/cms/?Usenet:Fremdcancel-FAQ |title=Fremdcancel-FAQ |access-date=2009-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625154346/http://filmateleven.de/cms/?Usenet:Fremdcancel-FAQ |archive-date=2007-06-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| de.alt.dateien.*
| BI
| 45
| 1
| de.admin.net-abuse.announce
| <ref name="de.result"/><ref name="de.markt.arbeit.faq"/>
|-
| de.markt.*
| BI
| 45
| 2
| de.admin.net-abuse.announce
| <ref name="de.result"/><ref name="de.markt.arbeit.faq"/><ref name="dma-result">{{cite web |url=http://www.s.netic.de/fw/dma-result.txt |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-08-14 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130054729/http://www.s.netic.de/fw/dma-result.txt |archivedate=2011-01-30 }}, &lt;Result-de.markt.ALL-28.05.1998@dana.de&gt;</ref>
|-
| es.*
| BI
| 45
| 20
|
| <ref name="es.faq">[http://personal.telefonica.terra.es/web/modestogarrido/usenet/docs/spam.html FAQ: SPAM.ES] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503215854/http://personal.telefonica.terra.es/web/modestogarrido/usenet/docs/spam.html |date=2010-05-03 }}</ref>
|-
| fr.*
| BI
| 30
| 4
| fr.usenet.abus.rapports
| <ref name="fr.faq">[http://www.usenet-fr.net/fur/usenet/abus/cancel-faq-fr-1.html Les annulations d'articles (Cancel)]</ref><ref name="2019.BI">[http://al.howardknight.net/?ID=156750021400 Changement des règles d'annulation]</ref>
|-
| hamster.de.*
| BI
| 30
| 3
| hamster.cancelreport
| <ref name="hamster.de.faq">[http://www.arcorhome.de/newshamster/micha/usenet/rules-de.txt Regelsatz für hamster.de.*] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130210074044/http://www.arcorhome.de/newshamster/micha/usenet/rules-de.txt |date=2013-02-10 }}</ref>
|-
| it.*
| BI
| 45
| 20
| it.news.net-abuse
| <ref name="it.faq">[http://wiki.news.nic.it/AiutoCanc Tutto quello che occorre sapere sulla cancellazione]</ref><ref>[http://www.collinelli.net/antispam/ Pagina Antispam in italiano]</ref>
|-
| muc.*
| BI
| 45
| 2
|
| <ref name="de.markt.arbeit.faq"/>
|-
| nl.*
| SBI
|
| 10
| nl.internet.misbruik.rapport
| <ref name="nl.faq">{{Cite web |url=http://nl.news-admin.org/info/nlcancel.html |title=Over cancelrapporten in nl.internet.misbruik |access-date=2009-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804154517/http://nl.news-admin.org/info/nlcancel.html |archive-date=2007-08-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|nrw.*
|BI
|7
|2
|
|<ref name="nrw.regeln">[http://nrw.usenetverwaltung.de/infos/regeln.html Regeln der nrw.*-Hierarchie]</ref>
|-
| schule.*
| BI
| 14
| 3
| schule.cancelreport
| <ref name="schule">{{cite web|url=http://schule.afaik.de/netiquette/netiquette.txt|format=TXT|title=Netiquette.txt|date=November 13, 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930124903/http://schule.afaik.de/netiquette/netiquette.txt|archive-date=September 30, 2022|access-date=December 22, 2023}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Internet terminology]]
[[Category:Usenet]]
[[Category:Spamming]]