Editing Brian Jacques

{{Short description|English author (1939–2011)}}
{{distinguish|Brian Jacks}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Brian Jacques
| image              = Brian Jacques1 crop.jpg
| caption            = Jacques in November 2007
| birth_name         = James Brian Jacques
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1939|6|15|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Liverpool]], England
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|2011|2|5|1939|6|15|df=y}}
| death_place        = Liverpool, England
| resting_place_coordinates = [[Anfield Cemetery]], Liverpool
| known_for          = ''[[Redwall]]'' novel series
| education          = St John's School
| occupation         = Author
| spouse             = Maureen Jacques
| children           = 2
| website            = {{URL|redwallabbey.com}}
}}
'''James Brian Jacques''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|eɪ|k|s}}, as in "Jakes";<ref name="Official Bio">{{Cite web |title=About Brian |url=https://www.redwallabbey.com/pages/about.htm |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Redwall}}</ref> 15 June 1939 – 5 February 2011<!-- This is not a typo. He died on the 5th, as shown in the obituary which ran on the 7th. -->), known professionally as '''Brian Jacques''', was an English author known for his ''[[Redwall]]'' series of children's fantasy novels and ''[[Castaways of the Flying Dutchman]]'' series. He also completed two collections of short stories entitled ''[[The Ribbajack|The Ribbajack & Other Curious Yarns]]'' and ''[[Seven Strange and Ghostly Tales]]''.

== Early life ==
James Brian Jacques was born in [[Liverpool]] on 15 June 1939.<ref name="Scholastic Bio">{{cite web|url=http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/contributor.jsp?id=3222|title=Brian Jacques Biography|publisher=Scholastic|access-date=2008-12-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016163401/http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/contributor.jsp?id=3222|archive-date=16 October 2007}}</ref> Jacques' parents were James Alfred Jacques, a truck driver, and Ellen Ryan, both born in Liverpool. His father's family were from [[Lancashire]], his mother's family all had [[Ireland|Irish]] roots. Jacques' maternal grandfather, Matthew Ryan, was from [[Wexford]], [[Ireland]].<ref name="Merseyside Biography Pages">[https://merseysidebiographypages.weebly.com/brian-jacques.html Merseyside Biography Pages]</ref> Jacques was the middle child: he had an older brother, Tony, and a younger brother, James.<ref name="Independent Obituary">{{Cite web |last=Guttridge |first=Peter |date=2011-02-12 |title=Brian Jacques: Writer best known for his 'Redwall' series of fantasy |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/brian-jacques-writer-best-known-for-his-redwall-series-of-fantasy-novels-2212534.html |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 

Jacques grew up in [[Kirkdale, Merseyside|Kirkdale]] near to the [[Liverpool Docks]].<ref name="Official Bio" /> He was known by his middle name, Brian, because his father and younger brother were also named James. His father loved literature and read his boys adventure stories by [[Daniel Defoe]], [[Sir Thomas Mallory]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle|Sir Arthur Conan Doyle]], [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], and [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]], but also ''[[The Wind in the Willows]]'' with its cast of animals. Jacques showed early writing talent.<ref name="Independent Obituary" /> 

At age ten, assigned to write an animal story, he wrote about a [[Egyptian plover|bird that cleaned a crocodile's teeth]]. His teacher could not believe that a ten-year-old wrote it, and caned him for refusing to admit copying the story.<ref name="Independent Obituary" /> He attended St John's Roman Catholic school in Kirkdale, where his favourite teacher was Austin Thomas, a former [[Second World War]] army captain. Thomas had a major impact on Jacques: "I was fourteen at the time when Mr. Thomas introduced the class to poetry and Greek literature. It was because of him, I saved seven shillings and sixpence to buy ''[[The Iliad]]'' and ''[[The Odyssey]]'' at this dusty used book shop."<ref name="Official Bio" />

== Career ==
Jacques left school at age fifteen, as was usual at the time, and set out to find adventure as a [[merchant sailor]]. When he returned to Liverpool, he began a varied career, spending time as a railway fireman, longshoreman, long-distance truck driver, bus driver, postmaster, and a stand-up entertainer. However, he often visited the local public library to continue his love of reading, and continued to develop his writing abilities.<ref name="Official Bio"/><ref name="Independent Obituary"/> He published a succession of humorous poems and short stories through the 1970s, and in 1981 won a long term Residency at the [[Everyman Theatre, Liverpool]], where his plays ''Brown Bitter'', ''Wet Nellies'' and ''Scouse'' were performed.<ref name="Official Bio"/><ref name="Independent Obituary"/><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-02-08 |title=Brian Jacques |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/8311935/Brian-Jacques.html |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref>

In the 1980s, Jacques worked as a milkman, on a round which included the [[Royal School for the Blind (Liverpool)|Royal Wavertree School for the Blind]].<ref name="Official Bio"/> He got to know the children there, and volunteered to read to them. However, he became dissatisfied with the state of [[children's literature]], with too much adolescent angst, and began to write stories for them. So that the visually impaired children would be able to picture the scenes he was writing for them, he developed a highly descriptive style, emphasizing sound, smell, taste, gravity, balance, temperature, touch, and kinesthetics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brian Jacques |url=https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Brian-Jacques/571093 |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=Britannica Kids |language=en-US}}</ref> From these short stories and reading sessions emerged ''[[Redwall (novel)|Redwall]]'', an 800-page handwritten manuscript.<ref name="latimes">{{Cite news |last=Nelson |first=Valerie J. |date=2011-02-13 |title=Brian Jacques dies at 71; author of 'Redwall' children's fantasy novels |url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-xpm-2011-feb-13-la-me-brian-jacques-20110213-story.html |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== ''Redwall'' ===
During his time at the Everyman Theatre,<ref>According to [https://www.redwallabbey.com/pages/about.htm Jacques' official website.] In other sources Durband is sometimes [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/brian-jacques-writer-best-known-for-his-redwall-series-of-fantasy-novels-2212534.html] incorrectly described as Jacques' former teacher. However, Durband began his career in Bolton and then moved to the Liverpool Institute High School for Boys, whereas Jacques was educated at St John's in Kirkdale.</ref> Jacques had met and become friends with [[Alan Durband]], an English teacher at [[C.F. Mott College of Education]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alan Durband (1927 - 1993) |url=https://www.liobians.org/staff/Durband.html |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=Liverpool Institute High School for Boys}}</ref><ref>Previously Head of English at the [[Liverpool Institute High School for Boys]], where he taught [[The Beatles]] members [[Paul McCartney]] and [[George Harrison]] [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/brian-jacques-writer-best-known-for-his-redwall-series-of-fantasy-novels-2212534.html]</ref> a writer, and co-founder of the Everyman.<ref name="Official Bio" /> Wanting Durband's opinion of ''Redwall'', Jacques gave him the completed manuscript. Impressed, Durband then showed it to his own publisher without telling Jacques.<ref name="Official Bio" /> Durband reportedly told his publishers: "This is the finest children's tale I've ever read, and you'd be foolish not to publish it"; Jacques was summoned to London to meet with the publishers, who gave him a contract to write the next five books in the series.<ref name="Official Bio" />

''Redwall'' was unusual for its length. Although it is now common for children's books to have 350 pages, and the ''Harry Potter'' books far exceed that, at the time it was commonly regarded that 200 pages were the maximum that would hold a child's attention.<ref name="latimes" /> It set the tone for the series as a whole, centering on the triumph of good over evil, with peaceful mice, badgers, voles, hares, moles and squirrels defeating rats, weasels, ferrets, snakes and stoats. Jacques did not shy away from the reality of battle, and many of the "good" creatures die. 

''Redwall'' alludes to the surrounding human civilization - for example, with a scene featuring a horse-drawn cart. The subsequent books ignore humans completely, portraying an Iron Age society from the misty past building castles, bridges and ships to the scale of forest creatures, writing their own literature and drawing their own maps. Jacques was highly involved in the audio books of his work, even personally enlisting his sons and others to voice Redwall inhabitants. Jacques said that the characters in his stories are based on people he encountered in his life. He based Gonff, the self-proclaimed "Prince of Mousethieves", on himself when he was a young boy hanging around the docks of Liverpool.<ref name="Official FAQ">{{cite web|url=http://www.redwall.org/faq.php|title=Q&A with Brian Jacques|access-date=2008-12-20}}</ref> Mariel is based on his granddaughter. Constance the Badgermum is based on his maternal grandmother. Other characters are a combination of many of the people he had met in his travels.<ref name="Official FAQ"/>

Jacques lived through the [[Rationing in the United Kingdom|rationing]] during and after the Second World War, when he fantasized about the dishes in his aunt's illustrated Victorian cookbook. Groaning boards spread with sumptuous feasts are common scenes in his stories, described in intricate sensory detail. The war also informed his depictions of gruesome battles. Jacques was known to be old-fashioned in his living; he thought an old typewriter to be more reliable than a computer, and he was known to be not fond of video games and other modern technology, though he allowed an [[Redwall (TV series)|animated television series]] to be produced based on his work, which aired on PBS in the United States. In the series, he introduced himself at the beginning of each episode and answered children's questions at the end, though the UK and Canadian airings omitted the Q&A session. He never felt that he fit the image of a "writer sitting in his garden."<ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news |last=Fox |first=Margalit |date=2011-02-09 |title=Brian Jacques, Writer of Redwall Series, Dies at 71 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/09/arts/09jacques.html |access-date=2024-01-26 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Nevertheless, he was deeply touched by his success at reaching children. He was also pleased to be recognized by the people of Liverpool. His novels have sold more than 20 million copies worldwide<ref name="latimes" /> and have been published in 28 languages.<ref name="Independent Obituary" />

== Personal life ==
Jacques lived with his wife, Maureen, in Liverpool. They had two sons: Marc is a carpenter and bricklayer, and David a contemporary artist and muralist.<ref name="nytimes" />

Jacques had musical interests. In the 1960s, he formed a folk music band with two of his brothers; the band is called the Liverpool Fishermen. He hosted a radio show called ''[[Jakestown]]'' on [[BBC Radio Merseyside]] from 1986 to 2006, featuring selections from his favourite operas.<ref name="Scholastic Bio" />

=== Death ===
In 2011, Jacques was admitted to the [[Royal Liverpool University Hospital|Royal Liverpool Hospital]] to undergo emergency surgery for an [[aortic aneurysm]].<ref name="obit">{{Cite news |last=Hunt |first=Helen |date=5 February 2011 |title=Internationally renowned Liverpool author and broadcaster Brian Jacques dies age 71 |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/internationally-renowned-liverpool-author-broadcaster-3382245 |work=Liverpool Daily Post}}</ref> He died from a heart attack at 71 years old on 5 February 2011.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-12380763 "Redwall author Brian Jacques dies aged 71"]. BBC News. 7 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-2-7.</ref><ref name="Dead">[http://thedeadrockstarsclub.com/2011.html Thedeadrockstarsclub.com] - accessed February 2011</ref>

== Recognition ==
In June 2005, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters by the [[University of Liverpool]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-11-28 |title=Brian Jacques |newspaper=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/ireland-world/article/brian-jacques-8qchgks3sz2 |access-date=2023-11-28 |language=en |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> A prize was created at [[Bristol Grammar School]], known as the 'Brian Jacques Award for Most Improved Creative Writing', and is awarded to a student in Year 8 as book tokens.<ref name="Bristol Review of Books">[http://www.bristolgrammarschool.co.uk/Downloads/Senior-School/BGS-150-not-out.aspx BGS: 150 and not out] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604062919/http://www.bristolgrammarschool.co.uk/Downloads/Senior-School/BGS-150-not-out.aspx|date=4 June 2016}} - accessed May 2016</ref>

==Books==

===''Redwall'' series===
# ''[[Redwall (novel)|Redwall]]'' (1986)
# ''[[Mossflower]]'' (1988)
# ''[[Mattimeo]]'' (1989)
# ''[[Mariel of Redwall]]'' (1991)
# ''[[Salamandastron]]'' (1992)
# ''[[Martin the Warrior]]'' (1993)
# ''[[The Bellmaker]]'' (1994)
# ''[[Outcast of Redwall]]'' (1995)
# ''[[The Pearls of Lutra]]'' (1996)
# ''[[The Long Patrol]]'' (1997)
# ''[[Marlfox]]'' (1998)
# ''[[The Legend of Luke]]'' (1999)
# ''[[Lord Brocktree]]'' (2000)
# ''[[The Taggerung]]'' (2001)
# ''[[Triss]]'' (2002)
# ''[[Loamhedge]]'' (2003)
# ''[[Rakkety Tam]]'' (2004)
# ''[[High Rhulain]]'' (2005)
# ''[[Eulalia!]]'' (2007)
# ''[[Doomwyte]]'' (2008)
# ''[[The Sable Quean]]'' (2010)
# ''[[The Rogue Crew]]'' (2011) (posthumous)

====''Tribes of Redwall'' series====
* ''[[Tribes of Redwall Badgers]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Tribes of Redwall Otters]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Tribes of Redwall Mice]]'' (2003)
* ''Tribes of Redwall Squirrels'' (Unreleased)
* ''Tribes of Redwall Hares'' (Unreleased)

====Miscellaneous ''Redwall'' books====
* ''[[The Great Redwall Feast]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Redwall Map & Riddler]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Redwall Friend & Foe]]'' (2000)
* ''[[A Redwall Winter's Tale]]'' (2003)
* ''[[The Redwall Cookbook]]'' (2005)

===''Castaways of the Flying Dutchman'' series===
* ''[[Castaways of the Flying Dutchman]]'' (2001)
* ''[[The Angel's Command]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Voyage of Slaves]]'' (2006)

=== ''Urso Brunov'' ===

* ''The Tale of Urso Brunov: Little Father of All Bears'' (2003)
* ''Urso Brunov and the White Emperor'' (2008)

===Other works===
* ''[[Seven Strange and Ghostly Tales]]'' (1991)
* ''[[The Ribbajack|The Ribbajack & Other Curious Yarns]]'' (2004)
* ''Get Yer Wack'' (Anvil Press, 1971)
* ''YENNOWORRAMEANLIKE'' (Raven Books, 1972)
* ''According to Jacques - A Mersey Bible'' (Raven Books, 1975)
* ''Jakestown, My Liverpool'' (Raven Books, 1979)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Brian Jacques (author)}}
* {{official website}}
* {{isfdb name|297|name=Brian Jacques}}
* {{LCAuth|n85150113|Brian Jacques|56|ue}}

{{Brian Jacques}}
{{Redwall}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacques, Brian}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century English male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century English male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century English novelists]]
[[Category:BBC radio presenters]]
[[Category:British Merchant Navy personnel]]
[[Category:English children's writers]]
[[Category:English fantasy writers]]
[[Category:English male novelists]]
[[Category:English people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Novelists from Liverpool]]
[[Category:Redwall]]
[[Category:Burials at Anfield Cemetery]]