Editing British Rail Classes 485 and 486

{{Short description|Rolling stock used on the Isle of Wight}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox EMU
| name = British Rail Class 485<br>British Rail Class 486
| image = Shanklinstn.jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = 485045 at [[Shanklin railway station|Shanklin]].
| background = #000f89; color: white;
| manufacturer = [[Metro Cammell]], [[Union Construction Company]], [[Cammell Laird]]
| operator = [[Network SouthEast]]
| successor = [[British Rail Class 483|Class 483]]
| formation = {{ubl|4 cars per trainset (4-VEC)|3 cars per trainset (3-TIS)|DMBSO+TSO+TSO+DMBSO (4-VEC)|DMBSO+TSO+DTSO (3-TIS)<ref name=TRC>{{cite web|url=http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20Tech%20Data%20EMU/EMU_485_486.html|title=Class 485, 486 - 4VEC, 3-TIS|work=The Railway Centre|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717012844/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/Recognition%20Tech%20Data%20EMU/EMU_485_486.html|archive-date=17 July 2012}}</ref>}}<br/>{{ubl|5 cars per trainset (5-VEC from 1985)|2 cars per trainset (2-TIS from 1985)|DMBSO+TSO+TSO+TSO+DMBSO (5-VEC from 1985)|DMBSO+DTSO (2-TIS from 1985)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.semgonline.com/gallery/class485_486_01.html |title=Southern E-Group - Class 485 and 486 |access-date=2 April 2008 |archive-date=8 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408035420/http://www.semgonline.com/gallery/class485_486_01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
| diagram = {{ubl|EB261 (DMBS, 485, 486)|EB262 (DMBS, 485)|EE260 (DTS, 485, 486)|EH261 (TS, 485, 486)<ref name=BRBEMU210>{{cite book | title = Vehicle Diagram Book No. 210 for Electric Multiple Units (Including A.P.T.) | publisher = British Railways Board | location = Derby | date = 1981 | at = EB261, EB262, EE260, EH261 | via = Barrowmore MRG | url = http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf | access-date = 18 February 2016 | archive-date = 3 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215604/http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>}}
| service = 1923 - 1964 on [[London Underground]]<br>1967 - 1992 on [[Island Line, Isle of Wight|Island Line]]
| family = [[British Rail tube trains|Tube]]
| weight = {{ubl|{{convert|94|t|abbr=on}} (4-VEC, set)|{{convert|65|t|abbr=on}} (3-TIS, set)|{{convert|32|t|abbr=on}} (MBSO)|{{convert|19|t|abbr=on}} (TSO)|{{convert|17|t|abbr=on}} (DTSO)<ref name=TRC /><ref name=Fox87-92>{{harvnb|Fox|1987|p=92}}</ref>}}
| capacity = {{ubl|132 seats (4-VEC)|106 seats (3-TIS)}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|45|mph|abbr=on}}<ref name=Fox87-92 />
| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}
| electricsystem = 660 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[3rd rail]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.networkrail.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Route-Specification-2016-Wessex.pdf |title=Route Specifications 2016 Wessex |access-date=4 April 2021 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506021757/https://www.networkrail.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Route-Specification-2016-Wessex.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

The '''British Rail Class 485''' (or [[British Rail unit designations|4Vec, later 5Vec]]) and '''British Rail Class 486''' (or [[British Rail unit designations|3Tis, later 2Tis]]) [[electrical multiple unit]]s were originally built for the [[Underground Electric Railways Company of London|London Electric Railway]] from 1923-31 as its [[London Underground Standard Stock|'Standard' tube stock]]. They were purchased by British Rail in 1967 and transported to the [[Isle of Wight]] to work 'mainline' services on the newly electrified [[Island Line, Isle of Wight|Ryde to Shanklin line]],<ref name=TRC /><ref name="semgonline">{{Cite web|title=Welcome to the Southern E-mail Group Web Site|url=https://sremg.org.uk/|access-date=2022-03-23|website=sremg.org.uk}}</ref> where they worked for an additional quarter of a century. At the time of their purchase the units had already worked for over 40 years on the [[London Underground]], but their introduction allowed the last steam locomotives on the line to be withdrawn.<ref name = "semgonline"/>

== History ==
Six four-car sets and six three-car sets were refurbished by BR's [[Stewarts Lane]] depot in 1966-67. The four-car sets were initially classified Class 452 and numbered 041-046, later reclassified Class 485 and numbered 485041-046. Each unit was formed of a driving motor, two intermediate trailers, and a second driving motor. Thus, the formation was DMBSO+TSO+TSO+DMBSO. Some of the intermediate trailers were former driving trailers, with the cabs locked out of use.

The three-car sets were classified Class 451 and numbered 031-036, later reclassified Class 486 and numbered 486031-036. A spare driving motor car was also refurbished, given the unit number 486037. Each of these units were formed of a driving motor, an intermediate trailer, and a driving trailer. Thus, the formation was DMBSO+TSO+DTSO.

When introduced, the units carried all-over BR blue livery. This progressed to standard blue/grey livery in the 1970s, and finally some units received [[Network SouthEast]]'s blue livery with red and white stripes, following its introduction in 1986.

Electric services on the Isle of Wight commenced on 20 March 1967. In service, the [[British Rail unit designations|4Vec]] units often worked alone, but sometimes in combination with a [[British Rail Class 486|3Tis]] unit, such that a train was formed of seven coaches known as a 7 Vectis.<ref name="semgonline"/> ("Vectis" was the Roman name for the Isle of Wight.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.invectis.co.uk/iow/history.htm |title=Isle of Wight Nostlgia Site: Island History |access-date=18 December 2009 |archive-date=6 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106030616/http://www.invectis.co.uk/iow/history.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>)

==Reformation==
In 1985, the Class 485 units were reformed into five 5 car (5Vec) units, and the Class 486 units into two 2 car (2tis) units.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.semgonline.com/gallery/class485_486_01.html |title=Southern E-Group - Class 485 and 486 |access-date=2 April 2008 |archive-date=8 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408035420/http://www.semgonline.com/gallery/class485_486_01.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Withdrawal==
Due to the proximity to the sea, the units suffered badly from corrosion damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disusedrailways.co.uk/Southern5.htm|title=Southern Region|work=disusedrailways.co.uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220050734/http://www.disusedrailways.co.uk/Southern5.htm|archive-date=20 February 2012}}</ref> By the mid-1980s it was clear that they needed to be replaced. The replacements came from the two-car [[British Rail Class 483|Class 483]], which were also rebuilt from former [[London Underground]] stock, namely [[London Underground 1938 Stock|1938 tube stock]].<ref>{{cite book|first = Brian|last = Hardy|title = Tube Trains on the Isle of Wight|publisher = Capital Transport|year = 2003|location = Harrow Weald, Middlesex|isbn = 1-85414-276-3}}</ref> These new units were introduced from 1989. The last 2Tis and 5Vec units were withdrawn from service in 1992.<ref name=TRC />

Upon retirement from Isle of Wight services, no 486 units were saved for preservation. However, several 485 vehicles were sold back to London Underground for eventual restoration as part of an operational [[London Underground Standard Stock|'Standard' stock]] museum unit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cravensheritagetrains.co.uk/preserved.htm |title=CHTL - Preserved Underground Trains |access-date=18 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621015105/http://cravensheritagetrains.co.uk/preserved.htm |archive-date=21 June 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These are listed below:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
! Type !! No. !! From set !! LT no.
|-align=center
| DMBSO ||width=50| 2 || 485041 ||width=50| 3706
|-align=center
| DMBSO || 7 || 485044 || 3209
|-align=center
| DTSO || 27 || 485043 || 5279
|-align=center
| TSO || 44 || 485044 || 7281
|-align=center
| TSO || 49 || 485044 || 7296
|}

Of these five cars, only DTSO 5279 and TSO 7296 have been preserved, all the other cars were scrapped in Acton works in 2013 alongside other old Standard Stock Cars. During November 2011 the two long-stored DM vehicles 2 and 7 were despatched by LU to Eastleigh depot for component recovery and subsequent breaking up: this is believed to have occurred in December 2011 (although this has not been confirmed). Trailers 27 and 49 are incorporated into the LT museum's Standard stock museum train. Trailer 44 was scrapped in August 2012.

== Fleet details ==
[[File:Rydephstn.jpg|thumb|right|Class 486s at [[Ryde Pier Head railway station|Ryde Pier Head]].]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Operator
!No. Built
!Year Built
!Cars per Set
!Unit nos.
|-
|'''Class 485'''
|rowspan=2|[[Southern Region of British Rail|Southern Region]] {{small|([[Island Line, Isle of Wight|Island Line]])}}<br>[[Network SouthEast]]
|align=center|6
|rowspan=2 align=center|1923<br>refurb. 1966
|align=center|4, later 5
|align=center|485041–485046
|-
|'''Class 486'''
|align=center|6
|align=center|3, later 2
|align=center|486031-486036
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Class 485 (pre-1985)
!rowspan=3|Unit no.
!colspan=8|Carriage nos.
|-align=center
!colspan=2|DMBSO
!colspan=2|TSO
!colspan=2|TSO
!colspan=2|DMBSO
|-align=center
|width=50|[[IoW]]
|width=50|[[London Underground|LU]]
|width=50|[[IoW]]
|width=50|[[London Underground|LU]]
|width=50|[[IoW]]
|width=50|[[London Underground|LU]]
|width=50|[[IoW]]
|width=50|[[London Underground|LU]]
|-align=center
|041
|20
|{{small|3308}}
|27<ref group=T name=DTST>TSO vehicles which were originally DTSO with the cab locked out of use.</ref>
|{{small|5279}}
|41
|{{small|7286}}
|13
|{{small|3141}}
|-align=center
|042
|22
|{{small|3010}}
|29<ref group=T name=DTST/>
|{{small|5293}}
|42
|{{small|7280}}
|15<ref group=T>The original car 15 ex 3253 was scrapped in 1971 and replaced by ex LT 3273, renumbered to 15 II</ref>
|{{small|3253}}
|-align=center
|043
|2
|{{small|3706}}
|31<ref group=T name=DTST/>
|{{small|5283}}
|43
|{{small|7275}}
|19
|{{small|3045}}
|-align=center
|044
|4
|{{small|3702}}
|33<ref group=T name=DTST/>
|{{small|5291}}
|44
|{{small|7281}}
|21
|{{small|3041}}
|-align=center
|045
|6
|{{small|3084}}
|45
|{{small|7293}}
|48
|{{small|7298}}
|23
|{{small|3315}}
|-align=center
|046
|8
|{{small|3074}}
|49
|{{small|7296}}
|46
|{{small|7283}}
|25
|{{small|3313}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Class 486 (pre-1985)
!rowspan=3|Unit no.
!colspan=6|Carriage nos.
|-
!colspan=2|DMBSO
!colspan=2|TSO
!colspan=2|DTSO
|-align=center
|width=50|[[IoW]]
|width=50|[[London Underground|LU]]
|width=50|[[IoW]]
|width=50|[[London Underground|LU]]
|width=50|[[IoW]]
|width=50|[[London Underground|LU]]
|-align=center
|031
|1
|{{small|3703}}
|47
|{{small|7279}}
|26
|{{small|5294}}
|-align=center
|032
|3
|{{small|3251}}
|92
|{{small|7285}}
|28
|{{small|5304}}
|-align=center
|033
|5
|{{small|3185}}
|93
|{{small|7282}}
|30
|{{small|5312}}
|-align=center
|034
|7
|{{small|3209}}
|94
|{{small|7287}}
|32
|{{small|5290}}
|-align=center
|035
|9
|{{small|3223}}
|95
|{{small|7292}}
|34
|{{small|5302}}
|-align=center
|036
|11
|{{small|3705}}
|96
|{{small|7290}}
|36
|{{small|5350}}
|-align=center
|Spare
|10
|{{small|3696}}
| –
| –
| –
| –
|}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=T}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{cite book|title=Multiple Unit Pocket Book|series=British Railways Pocket Book No.2|edition=Summer/Autumn 1987|year=1987|first=Peter|last=Fox|publisher=Platform 5 Publishing Ltd.|isbn=0906579740|oclc=613347580}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Citation
| last = Robert
| first = Greenaway
| year = 1983
| title = Metropolitan and Underground Rolling Stock for the Isle of Wight
| periodical = Underground
| publication-place = Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire
| publisher = London Underground Railway Society
| issue = 11
| pages = 48
| issn = 0306-8609
}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=EMUs|first=Colin J.|last=Marsden|series=Motive Power Recognition|volume=2|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1982|pages=108–111|isbn=9780711011656|oclc=16537600}}
*{{cite magazine|title=Isle of Wight birthday bonus|first=David|last=Maxey|magazine=[[RAIL (magazine)|Rail Enthusiast]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|date=April 1984|pages=28–31|issn=0262-561X|oclc=49957965}}
*{{cite magazine|title=Farewell to Classes 485/486|first=John|last=Vaughan|pages=40–45|issue=108|date=2–15 November 1989|magazine=[[RAIL (magazine)|RAIL]]|publisher=EMAP National Publications|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}

== External links ==
*{{commons category inline}}
*{{commons category inline|British Rail Class 486}}

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{{British Rail EMU}}

[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|485]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1967]]
[[Category:Rail transport on the Isle of Wight]]
[[Category:Metropolitan Cammell multiple units]]