Editing Budget process

A '''budget process''' refers to the process by which governments create and approve a [[budget]], which is as follows:

* The Financial Service Department prepares worksheets to assist the department head in preparation of department budget estimates
* The Administrator calls a meeting of managers and they present and discuss plans for the following year’s projected level of activity.
* The managers can work with the Financial Services, or work alone to prepare an estimate for the departments coming year.
* The completed budgets are presented by the managers to their Executive Officers for review and approval. 
* Justification of the budget request may be required in writing.  In most cases, the manager talks with their administrative officers about budget requirements.  Adjustments to the budget submission may be required as a result of this phase in the process.

Budgeting is the setting of expenditure levels for each of an organization’s functions. It is the estimation and allocation of available capital used to achieve the designated targets of a firm.

== Terminology ==
* '''Revenue Estimation''' performed in the executive branch by the finance director, clerk's office, budget director, manager, or a team.
* '''Budget Call''' issued to outline the presentation form, recommend certain goals.
* '''Budget Formulation''' reflecting on the past, set goals for the future and reconcile the difference.
* '''Budget Hearings''' can include departments, sections, the executive, and the public to discuss changes in the budget.
* '''Budget Adoption''' final approval by the legislative body.
* '''Budget Execution''' amending the budget as the fiscal year progresses.

== Constitutional economics ==

[[Constitutional economics]] is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the [[judiciary]] which in many transitional and [[developing countries]] is completely controlled by the executive.  It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of [[political corruption|corruption]] of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors.  The standards of constitutional economics can be used during annual budget process, and if that budget planning is transparent then the rule of law may benefit.  The availability of an effective court system, to be used by the [[civil society]] in situations of unfair government spending and executive impoundment of previously authorized appropriations, is a key element for the success of the rule-of-law endeavor.<ref>Peter Barenboim, Defining the rules, The European Lawyer, Issue 90, October 2009</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*[http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/10/making-performa.html Performance Budgeting: Linking Funding and Results, Marc Robinson (ed.), IMF, 2007]
*[http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/11/from-line-item-.html From Line-item to Program Budgeting, John Kim, Seoul, 2007]
*[http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/10/program-and-per.html Program and Performance Budgeting Enthusiasm in India -- IMF Training Course, Holger van Eden, IMF, 2007]
*[http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/11/public-finance-.html Public Finance Reference Reading: Revisiting the Classics -- Schick's Contemporary Approach to PEM (1998), Bill Dorotinsky, IMF, 2007]
*[http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/10/budget-practice.html Budget practices and procedures --- everything you'd want to know about OECD countries, Bill Dorotinsky, IMF, 2007]
*[http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15499/1/MPRA_paper_15499.pdf Performance budgeting: selected international experiences and some lessons for Slovenia, Aleksander Aristovnik and Janko Seljak, MPRA Paper 15499, 2009]

==See also==
* [[Budget]]
* [[Economics]]
* [[Budget theory]]
* [[Political economy]]
* [[Constitutional economics]]
* [[public budgeting]]
* [[budget deficit]]
* [[budget surplus]]
* [[budget crisis]]
* [[Canadian federal budget]]
* [[Comprehensive income]]
* [[Government Accountability Office investigations of the Department of Defense]]
* [[Government-owned corporation]]
* [[public administration]]
* [[public finance]]
* [[United States budget process]]

[[Category:Government budgets|Process]]
[[Category:Public administration]]