Editing Bush plane

{{Short description|Airplane used in remote or underdeveloped areas}}
[[File:bush plane.jpg|thumb|upright=1.14|An [[8GCBC Scout|American Champion Scout]]. Note the oversized [[tundra tire]]s, for use on rough surfaces.]]

A '''bush plane''' is a [[general aviation]] [[aircraft]] used to provide both scheduled and unscheduled passenger and flight services to remote, undeveloped areas, such as the [[Northern Canada|Canadian north]] or [[The bush|bush]], [[Alaska]]n [[tundra]], the African bush, or [[savanna]], [[Amazon rainforest]] and the Australian [[Outback]]. They are used where ground transportation infrastructure is inadequate or does not exist.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.bush-planes.com/| title=Bush planes used in areas where roads do not exist| access-date=2010-01-13| archive-date=2016-11-01| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101052659/http://www.bush-planes.com/| url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Common traits==
A bush plane is defined by how it is used, and many different aircraft with different configurations have been so used over the years. However, experience has shown certain traits to be desirable (though not mandatory), especially on aircraft specifically designed as bush planes.
* [[Landing gear|Undercarriage]] designed to be fitted with [[Float (nautical)|floats]], [[ski]]s or wheel/skis to permit operation from water or snow—primarily for Canadian, Alaskan and Russian use.
* High [[wing]]s ease loading and unloading, particularly from docks; improve downward visibility during flight; and increase clearance to reduce the potential for damage during landing, take-off, loading, and unloading.
* [[Conventional landing gear|Conventional or "tail dragger" landing gear]]—two large main wheels and a small rear wheel—reduces both weight and drag, increasing the aircraft's speed and useful load. It reduces stress on the airframe compared to a nosewheel. A failure is also less critical, as a broken tailwheel is easily repaired and does not prevent the aircraft from flying, unlike a broken nose wheel.
* [[STOL|Short runway performance]] and low-speed flight characteristics are typically improved by high [[Aspect ratio (wing)|aspect ratio wings]] and [[high-lift device]]s such as [[flap (aircraft)|flaps]], [[Leading edge slot|slots]] and [[Leading-edge slats|slats]].
* Very large, low-pressure [[tundra tire]]s may be fitted to enable the pilot to operate from broken ground. It is not uncommon for a [[Bush flying|bush pilot]] to land and take off from unprepared surfaces.
* [[Piston engines]] are preferred over [[turboprops]], as they are cheaper to build and maintain and easier to start without the aid of ground facilities. In extremely remote areas where [[avgas]] can be difficult to acquire, some bush pilots prefer turboprop engines that can burn kerosene-derived [[jet fuel]].

==Current and historical bush planes==
Years in brackets are of first flight.
{{Expand list|date=July 2012}}
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[AAC Angel]] (1984)
* [[Aermacchi AL-60]] (1959)
* [[Antonov An-2]] (1947)
* [[Antonov An-14]] (1958)
* [[Antonov An-28]] (1968)
* [[Antonov An-38]] (1994)
* [[Auster Autocrat]] (1945)
* [[Aviat Husky]]  (1986)
* [[Avro Avian]] (1926)<ref>Anderson, 2004, p.82</ref><ref>Foster, 1990, p.74-79</ref>
* [[Avro Anson]] (1935)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.189-191</ref>
* [[Avro York]] (1942)
* [[Bach Air Yacht|Bach T-11P]] (1927)
* [[Barkley-Grow T8P-1]] (1937)
* [[Barrows Bearhawk]] (1995)
* [[Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing]] (1932)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.174, 190</ref>
* [[Beechcraft Model 18]] (1937)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.191</ref>
* [[Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker]] (1929)<ref>Anderson, 2004, p.31</ref><ref>Foster, 1990, p.97, 102, 175</ref>
* [[Bellanca CH-400 Skyrocket]] (1930)
* [[Bellanca Aircruiser]] (1930)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.156</ref>
* [[Bellanca 31-40|Bellanca Senior Pacemaker]] (1935)
* [[Bellanca 31-40|Bellanca Senior Skyrocket]] (1935)
* [[Boeing Model 6D|Boeing B1E]] (1928)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.64-65, 156</ref>
* [[Bristol Freighter]]  (1945)
* [[Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander]] (1965)
* [[Buhl Airsedan]] (1928)
* [[Bushcaddy L-162 Max]] (1995)
* [[Bushcaddy L-164]] (2007)
* [[Canadian Vickers Vedette]] (1924)
* [[Cessna AT-17 Bobcat|Cessna Crane]] (1939)
* [[Cessna 172]] (1956)
* [[Cessna 180]] (1952)
* [[Cessna 182 Skylane]] (1956)
* [[Cessna 185 Skywagon]] (1960)
* [[Cessna 206|Cessna 206 Stationair]] (1962)
* [[Cessna 208 Caravan]] (1982)
* [[American Champion Citabria|Champion Citabria]] (1964)
* [[Consolidated PBY Catalina|Consolidated Catalina/Canso]] (1935)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.191, 197</ref>
* [[CubCrafters CC19 XCub]] (2016)
* [[Curtiss HS]] (1917)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.43-45</ref>
* [[Curtiss Model 41 Lark|Curtiss Lark]] (1925)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.48</ref>
* [[Curtiss Robin]] (1928)
* [[Curtiss Thrush]] (1929)
* [[Curtiss C-46 Commando|Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando]] (1940)
* [[Curtiss-Wright Junior]] (1930)
* [[de Havilland DH.60 Moth]] (1925)<ref>Cole, 1986, p.4</ref><ref>Foster, 1990, p.74, 131, 188</ref>
* [[de Havilland Giant Moth|de Havilland DH.61 Giant Moth]] (1927)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.139</ref>
* [[de Havilland Tiger Moth|de Havilland DH.82 Tiger Moth]] (1931)
* [[de Havilland Fox Moth|de Havilland DH.83 Fox Moth]] (1932)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.105, 200</ref>
* [[de Havilland Dragon Rapide|de Havilland DH.89 Dragon Rapide]] (1934)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.173, 190</ref>
* [[de Havilland Dragonfly|de Havilland DH.90 Dragonfly]] (1935)
* [[de Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover]] (1948)
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver]]  (1947)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.199</ref>
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter]] (1951)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.199, 201</ref>
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou]] (1958)
* [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]] (1965)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.202, 207, 210</ref>
* [[Dornier Do 27]] (1955)
* [[Douglas Dolphin]] (1930)<!--used in Papua New Guinea-->
* [[Douglas DC-3]]/[[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Douglas C-47]] (1935)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.177, 188</ref>
* [[Douglas DC-4]] (1942)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.204</ref>
* [[Eastman E-2 Sea Rover]] (1928)<ref>Cole, 1986, p.34-38</ref>
* [[Evangel 4500]] (1964)
* [[Fairchild 24]] (1932)
* [[Fairchild C-82 Packet]] (1944)
* [[Fairchild FC-2]]/51 (1926)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.135</ref>
* [[Fairchild 71]] (1926)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.107, 115, 138</ref>
* [[Fairchild Super 71]] (1934)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.136, 138</ref>
* [[Fairchild 100]] (1930)<ref>Cole, 1986, p.49-55</ref>
* [[Fairchild 82]] (1935)
* [[Fairchild F-11 Husky]] (1946)
* [[Fieseler Fi 156 Storch]] (1936)
* [[Fleet 50|Fleet Freighter]] (1938)
* [[Fokker Universal]] (1926)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.4</ref><ref>Foster, 1990, p.53, 56-57</ref>
* [[Fokker Super Universal]] (1928)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.52-53, 56-57, 70-71</ref>
* [[Fokker F.11]] (1928)<ref>Cole, 1986, p.39-42</ref>
* [[Ford Trimotor]] (1926)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.152, 155</ref>
* [[Found FBA-2]] (1960)
* [[GAF Nomad]] (1971)
* [[GippsAero GA8 Airvan|Gippsland GA8]] (1995)
* [[Gippsland GA10]] (2012)
* [[Grumman G-21 Goose|Grumman Goose]] (1937)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.207-208</ref>
* [[Grumman G-44 Widgeon|Grumman Widgeon]] (1940)<ref name="fos197">Foster, 1990, p.197</ref>
* [[Grumman G-73 Mallard|Grumman Mallard]] (1946)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.204, 208</ref>
* [[Metal Aircraft Corporation Flamingo|Halpin Flamingo]] (1929)
* [[Hamilton H-47]] (1928)
* [[Helio Courier]] (1954)
* [[Howard DGA-8]]/9/11/12 (1936)
* [[Howard DGA-15]] (1939)
* [[Johns Ra-Son Warrior]] (1947)
* [[Junkers F.13]] (1919)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.36-41</ref>
* [[Junkers G 31]] (1926)
* [[Junkers W 33]] (1926)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.180</ref>
* [[Junkers W 34]] (1926)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.101-102, 158, 166, 188.</ref>
* [[Junkers Ju 52]]/1m (1930)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.180-181</ref> 
* [[Denney Kitfox|Kitfox]] (1984)
* [[Lake Buccaneer]] (1960)
* [[Lockheed Vega]] (1927)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.95-98</ref>
* [[Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar]] (1939)
* [[Max Holste Broussard]] (1952)
* [[Maule M-7]] (1984)
* [[Murphy Rebel]] (1990)
* [[Murphy Moose]] (1995)
* [[Murphy Elite]] (1996)
* [[Noorduyn Norseman]] (1935)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.142-143, 174, 188</ref>
* [[Northrop N-23 Pioneer]] (1946)
* [[Northwest Ranger]] (1968)
* [[PAC P-750 XSTOL]] (2001)
* [[Piper J-3 Cub]] (1938)
* [[Piper PA-18]] Super Cub (1949)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.195, 198</ref>
* [[Piper PA-20 Pacer|Piper PA-22 Bushmaster]]
* [[Piper PA-23]] (1952)
* [[Pipistrel Virus SW]] (2006)
* [[Pilatus PC-6 Porter]]/Turbo Porter (1959)
* [[Polikarpov Po-2]] (1927)
* [[PZL-104 Wilga]] (1962)
* [[Quest Kodiak]] (2004)
* [[Rans S-7 Courier]] (1985)
* [[Republic RC-3 Seabee]] (1945)<ref name="fos197"/>
* [[Rutan Grizzly]] (1982)
* [[Ryan Brougham]] (1927)
* [[Shavrov Sh-2]] (1930)
* [[Short SC.7 Skyvan]] (1963)
* [[Sikorsky S-38]] (1928)
* [[Sikorsky S-39]] (1929)
* [[Stearman C3]] (1927)
* [[Stearman M-2]] (1929)
* [[Stearman 4]] (1930)
* [[Stinson Detroiter]] (1926)
* [[Stinson Junior]] (1928)<ref>Cole, 1986, p.45-48</ref>
* [[Stinson Model A]] (1934)
* [[Stinson Reliant]] (1933)
* [[Stinson Voyager]] (1939)
* [[Stinson 108]] (1946)
* [[Supermarine Sea Otter]] (converted after 2nd World War)
* [[Technoavia SM92 Finist]] (1993)
* [[Travel Air 6000]] (1928)
* [[Vickers Viking]] (1919)<ref>Foster, 1990, p.47</ref>
* [[Waco 10]] (1927)
* [[Waco Standard Cabin series]] (1931)
* [[Waco Custom Cabin series|Waco AQC-6/Waco ZQC-6]] Freighter (1936)<ref name="fos194">Foster, 1990, p.194</ref>
* [[Westland Limousine]] (1919)
* [[Wild DoubleEnder]] (2010)
* [[Yakovlev Yak-12]] (1947)
* [[Zenith STOL CH 701]] (1986)
{{div col end}}

==[[Aviation museum]]s with large collections of bush planes==
* [[Alberta Aviation Museum]]
* [[Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum]]
* [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]]
* [[Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre]]
* [[Western Canada Aviation Museum]]

==See also==
{{Portal|Aviation}}
* [[List of STOL aircraft]]
* [[Floatplane]]
* [[Ministry of Natural Resources (Ontario)#Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services|Ontario Provincial Air Service]] - played major role in the development of bush flying and bushplanes.
* [[Bush flying]]
* [[Bush mechanic]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|3}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|last1=Anderson|first1=Frank W.|last2=Downs|first2=Art|title=The Death of Albert Johnson - Mad Trapper of Rat River|publisher=Heritage House Publishing Co.|location=Surrey, BC|year=2004|isbn=1-894384-03-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Boer|first=Peter|title=Bush Pilots - Canada's Wilderness Daredevils|publisher=Folklore Publishing|location=Canada|year=2004|isbn=1-894864-12-3}}
*{{cite book|last=Cole|first=Dermot|title=Frank Barr - Bush pilot in Alaska and the Yukon|publisher=Alaska Northwest Publishing Co.|location=Edmonds, WA|year=1986|isbn=0-88240-314-1}}
*{{cite book|last=Foster|first=J.A.|title=The Bush Pilots - A pictorial history of a Canadian phenomenon|publisher=McClelland & Stewart Inc|location=Toronto, ON|year=1990|isbn=0-7710-3245-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/bushpilotspictor0000fost}}
*{{cite book|last=Keith|first=Ronald A.|title=Bush Pilot with a briefcase|publisher=Doubleday Canada|location=Toronto, ON|year=1972|isbn=0-385-07049-7|url=https://archive.org/details/bushpilotwithbri00keit}}
*{{cite book|last=Matheson|first=Shirlee Smith|title=Flying the Frontiers|publisher=Fifth House|location=Saskatoon, SK|year=1994|isbn=978-1895618518}}
*{{cite book|last=Terpening|first=Rex|title=Bent Props and Blow Pots - A Pioneer Remembers Northern Bush Flying |publisher=Harour Publishing|location=Madeira Park, BC|year=2006|isbn=1-55017-381-2}}
*{{cite book|last=West|first=Bruce|title=The Firebirds - How bush flying earned its wings|publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources (Ontario)|year=1974|asin=B0089GQ3EE}}
*{{cite book|last=Milberry|first=Larry|title=Austin Airways - Canada's Oldest Airline|publisher=CANAV Books|location=Toronto, ON|year=1985|isbn=978-0969070337|url=https://archive.org/details/austinairwayscan0000milb}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Bush planes}}
*[http://www.bush-planes.com Bush-planes.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101052659/http://www.bush-planes.com/ |date=2016-11-01 }}

{{Lists of aircraft}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bush Airplane}}
[[Category:Aircraft by type]]
[[Category:Aviation in Alaska]]
[[Category:Aviation in Australia]]
[[Category:Australian outback]]
[[Category:Rural culture in Oceania]]