Editing CAD/CAM

{{short description|Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing}}
{{use mdy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{use American English|date=November 2020}}
'''CAD/CAM'''<ref name=CADcam.NYT1985>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
   |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/24/business/cad-cam-s-pioneer-bets-it-all.html
   |title=CAD/CAM's Pioneer Bets It All
   |author=Eric N. Berg  |date=March 24, 1985}}</ref> refers to the integration<ref name=CADcamSIM.NYT/> of [[computer-aided design]] (CAD) and [[computer-aided manufacturing]] (CAM). Both of these require powerful computers. ''CAD'' software helps designers and draftsmen; ''CAM'' "reduces manpower costs" in the manufacturing process.<ref name=CADcam.NYT81>{{cite news
|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/28/business/market-place-a-new-face-in-cad-cam.html
|title=A 'New' Face In CAD/CAM
|author=Robert Metz   |date=October 28, 1981}}</ref>

[[File:CADD workstation and operator.jpg|thumb|right|CAD workstation and operator]]

==Overview==
Both ''CAD'' and ''CAM'' are computer-intensive. Although, in 1981, [[Computervision]] was #1 and IBM was #2, IBM had a major advantage: its systems could accommodate "eight to 20" users at a time, whereas most competitors only had enough power to accommodate "four to six."<ref name=CADcam.NYT81/> ''CAD/CAM'' was described by ''The New York Times'' as a "computerized design and manufacturing process" that made its debut "when Computervision pioneered it in the 1970's."<ref name=CADcam.NYT1985/>

Other 1980s major players in ''CAD/CAM'' included [[General Electric]]<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
   |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/18/business/ge-s-expansion-into-cad-cam.html
   |title=G.E.'s Expansion into CAD/CAM |date=January 18, 1981}}</ref> and [[Parametric Technology Corporation]];<ref name=CADcamPTC.NYT92>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/18/business/market-place-designing-tools-for-the-designers.html
|title=Designing Tools For the Designers
|author=Glenn Rifkin  |date=June 18, 1992}}</ref> the latter subsequently acquired Computervision, which had been acquired by [[Prime Computer]].<ref name=CADcamPTC.NYT92/>

CAD/CAM originated in the 1960s;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abedin |first=Engineer Zain ul |date=2023-11-10 |title=What is CAD/CAM? |url=https://mechanicalmentor.com/what-is-cad-cam |access-date=2023-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> an [[IBM System/360 Model 44|IBM 360/44]] was used to build via ''CNC''<ref>{{cite book |publisher=[[Library of Congress]]
      |title=Catalog of Copyright Entries, Third Series: 1969: January - June
      |quote=IBM System/360 Model 44 ... AD APT numerical control processor |year=1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.gao.gov/assets/400/393980.pdf
|title= 360/44 for numerical control (NC)}}</ref> the wings of an airplane.

[[File:CAD Footwear Womens Boot.jpg|thumb|right|CAD (Computer-aided design) screen]]

==Computer-aided design (CAD)==
{{main|Computer-aided design}}
One goal of CAD is to allow quicker iterations in the design process;<ref>{{cite web
   |url=http://images.designworldonline.com.s3.amazonaws.com/CADhistory/8436-TM-4.pdf
   |title=Computer-aided design}}</ref> another is to enable smoothly transitioning to the [[#Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)|CAM]] stage.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Thomas Register]]
       |url=https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/custom-manufacturing-fabricating/cad-cam-software-explanation
       |title=A Guide to CAD/CAM Software}}</ref> Although manually created drawings historically facilitated "a designer's goal of displaying an idea,"<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://ojs.stanford.edu/ojs/index.php/intersect/article/download/117/33
|title=CAD |publisher=[[Stanford University]] Student Journals}}</ref> it did not result in a machine-readable result that could be modified
and subsequently be used to directly build a prototype.<ref>{{cite web
   |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220306623
   |title=Intelligent computer-aided design systems}}</ref> It can also be used to "ensure that all the separate parts of a product will fit together as intended."{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

''CAD'', when linked with [[simulation]], can also enable bypassing building a less than satisfactory test version, resulting in having "dispensed with the costly, time-consuming task of building a prototype."<ref name=CADcamSIM.NYT>{{cite news
   |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
   |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/18/business/bolts-and-brackets-by-computer-design.html
   |title=Bolts and Brackets by (Computer) Design
   |author=Barnaby J. Feder |date=January 18, 1981}}</ref>

==Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)==
{{main|Computer-aided manufacturing}}
[[File:EDMWorkpiece.jpg|thumb|right|CAM in action, using computerized [[Numerical Control]]]]
In ''Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)'', using computerized specifications, a computer directs machines such as lathes and milling machines to perform work that otherwise would be controlled by a lathe or milling machine operator. This process, which is called [[Numerical Control]] (NC OR CNC), is what came to  be known as 20th century Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and it originated in the 1960s.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} Early 21st century ''CAM'' introduced use of ''[[3D printing|3D printers]]''.<ref>{{cite journal
   |title=CAD CAM System for Manufacturing Innovative Hybrid Design
   |author=T. SUPER MARIO Mikolajczyk |journal=Procedia Manufacturing
 |series=12th International Conference Interdisciplinarity in Engineering, INTER-ENG 2018, 4–5 October 2018, Tirgu Mures, Romania
 |year=2019|volume=32
 |pages=22–28
 |doi=10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.178
 |s2cid=150280578
 |doi-access=free
 }}</ref>

''CAM'', although it requires initial expenditures for equipment, covers this outlay with reduced labor cost and speedy transition from
''CAD'' to finished product, especially when the result is both timely and "ensuring one-time machining success rate."<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/global/en/our-story/customers/asm-pacific-technology/40233
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020230108/https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/global/en/our-story/customers/asm-pacific-technology/40233/
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=October 20, 2020
|title=Siemens Digital Industries Software
}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Computer-aided technologies]]
* [[CAD/CAM dentistry]]
* [[CAD/CAM in the footwear industry]]
* [[Building information modeling]] (BIM)

==References==
{{reflist|32em}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Computer-aided design]]
[[Category:Computer-aided manufacturing]]
[[Category:Computer-aided engineering]]


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