Editing CSL Limited

{{Short description|Australian biotechnology company}}
{{About |Australian biotech company |other companies named CSL |CSL (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{third-party|date=February 2016}}
{{update|date=November 2020}}
}}
{{Infobox company
| name = CSL Limited
| logo = CSL Limited logo.svg
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{ASX|CSL}}|[[S&P/ASX 200]] component}}
| company_slogan = 
| foundation = 1916 (Federal government department), 1994 (privatised)
| hq_location = [[Parkville, Victoria|Parkville]], [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], [[Australia]] (Global),<ref name="AR19">{{cite web|url=https://www.csl.com/-/media/csl/documents/annual-report-docs/csl-ltd-annual-report-2019-full.pdf?la=en-us&hash=AC57DA1C6E85B66162B25238509C47596E1CA401|title=Annual Report 2019|publisher=CSL Limited|date=2019}}</ref>
| key_people = Paul McKenzie (CEO)
| industry = [[Biotechnology]]
| products = [[blood plasma]], [[vaccination|vaccines]], [[antivenom]], other laboratory and medical products
| revenue = {{currency|14.8 billion|passthrough=yes}} (2024)<ref name="AR2122"/>
| net_income = {{profit}} {{currency|2.91 billion|passthrough=yes}} (2024)<ref name="AR2122">{{cite web|url=https://investors.csl.com/annualreport/2022/4/|date=April 2022|access-date=29 March 2023|title=CSL Annual Report 2021/22|publisher=CSL Limited}}</ref>
| num_employees = 32,000 (2024)<ref name="AR2122"/>
| divisions = {{Unbulleted list|[[CSL Behring]]|[[CSL Plasma]]|[[CSL Seqirus]]|[[CSL Vifor]]}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.csl.com/}}
}}
'''CSL Limited''' is an Australian [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] specialty [[biotechnology]] company that researches, develops, manufactures, and markets products to treat and prevent serious human medical conditions. CSL's product areas include [[blood plasma]] derivatives, [[vaccination|vaccines]], [[antivenom]], and cell culture reagents used in various medical and genetic research and manufacturing applications.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=CSL:AU |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130118153023/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=CSL:AU |url-status= dead |archive-date= 18 January 2013 |title=CSL LTD (CSL:ASX): Stock Quote & Company Profile|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|access-date=13 August 2012}}</ref> The company was established in 1916 as '''Commonwealth Serum Laboratories''' and was wholly owned by the Australian federal government until its privatisation in 1994.

== History ==
=== Origin and Penfold directorship ===
CSL was founded in 1916 as Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, an Australian government body focused on vaccine manufacture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trove|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1476740?c=people|access-date=2020-09-22|website=trove.nla.gov.au}}</ref> Under the first director, William Penfold,<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/penfold-william-james-8015|title=Penfold, William James (1875–1941)|last=Robin|first=A. De Q.|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|location=Canberra}}</ref> CSL commenced operation in the vacant [[Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research|Walter and Eliza Hall Institute]] building at the [[Royal Melbourne Hospital]] in 1918 before moving to its purpose-built Parkville premises in the following year.

=== Morgan directorship ===
After ongoing disputes with the [[Department of Health (1921–1987)|Department of Health]] and its director-general [[John Cumpston]], Penfold resigned in 1927 and was replaced by Frederic Morgan.<ref>{{Citation|last=Egan|first=Bryan|title=Morgan, Frederick Grantley (1891–1969)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/morgan-frederick-grantley-11164|work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|place=Canberra|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|access-date=2020-09-22}}</ref> Soon after Morgan's appointment, CSL was drawn into a serious public health disaster when a batch of its [[diphtheria]] toxin-antitoxin was implicated in the deaths of twelve children in what became known as the [[Bundaberg tragedy]] of 1928. Although CSL's manufacturing processes were absolved, its labelling procedures were seen to be in error, leading to an enduring focus on the highest standards across the facility's production.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article195229589|title=BUNDABERG TRAGEDY, Daily Examiner|date=14 June 1928|pages=3|via=Trove}}</ref>

=== Antivenene research and production ===
In 1928, CSL also became involved in [[wiktionary:anti-venene|antivenene]] ([[antivenom]]) manufacture in conjunction with the snake venom research undertaken by [[Charles Kellaway]] at the Hall Institute.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hobbins|first1=Peter G.|last2=Winkel|first2=Kenneth D.|date=2007-12-03|title=The forgotten successes and sacrifices of Charles Kellaway, director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1923–1944|url=https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2007/187/11/forgotten-successes-and-sacrifices-charles-kellaway-director-walter-and-eliza|journal=The Medical Journal of Australia|language=en|volume=187|issue=11|pages=645–648|doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01457.x|pmid=18072902|s2cid=23444263|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This led to the successful clinical testing of antivenene against tiger snake ''[[Notechis scutatus]]'' bite in 1930 and its commercial release in 1931.

In 1934, the research on snake venoms was transferred from the Hall Institute to CSL under the direction of former snake showman and herpetologist Tom "Pambo" Eades. This represented the initiation of research at the laboratories – an outcome its directors had been seeking for over a decade. The relationship with the Hall Institute continued until World War II, particularly via joint projects on viral diseases including [[polio]] and [[influenza]] coordinated by [[Frank Macfarlane Burnet]] and Esmond "Bill" Keogh. Keogh played an important role in the establishment of [[penicillin]] production at CSL in 1944 – a critical wartime achievement.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/keogh-esmond-venner-bill-10724|title=Keogh, Esmond Venner (Bill) (1895–1970)|journal= Australian Dictionary of Biography|volume=15|year=2000|first1=Lyndsay|last1=Gardiner|first2=Geoffrey|last2=Serle|publisher=National Centre of Biography, [[Australian National University]]}}</ref>

=== Plasma fractionation and Wiener directorship ===
In 1952, operation commenced plasma fractionation.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Flood|first1=Phillip|url=https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/B3B4E1D741764DD2CA257BF000193A6F/$File/plasma_FINAL%20as%20at%2030%20November%202006.pdf|title=Review of Australia's Plasma Fractionation Arrangements|last2=Wills|first2=Peter|last3=Lawler|first3=Peter|last4=Ryan|first4=Graeme|last5=Rickard|first5=Kevin A.|year=2006|isbn=1-74186-121-7}}</ref> Thereafter the range of antivenoms increased, including those against other snake species such as death adder (''[[Acanthophis antarcticus]]'') and the taipan (''[[Oxyuranus scutellatus]]''), plus spiders including the redback (''[[Latrodectus hasselti]]'') and – after much difficulty – the Sydney funnel-web (''[[Atrax robustus]]''). Much of this work, including the introduction in 1962 of a polyvalent antivenom against all of the major terrestrial Australian snakes, occurred under the direction of [[Saul Wiener]], while from 1966 until the mid-1990s, venom research was coordinated by the eccentric but dedicated [[Struan Sutherland]], who in 1979 released new guidelines for snakebite first aid,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article250876011|title=SAFER FIRST AID, Papua New Guinea Post-Courier|date=18 April 1979|pages=11|via=Trove}}</ref> and a new test for snakebites that would identify which snake had envenomated the victim.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110609725|title=New test for snake bites, The Canberra Times|date=30 October 1979|pages=14|via=Trove}}</ref>

Other major achievements of CSL include:<ref>{{Cite news|title=Blood, sweat and tears of the CSL century|last=Tasker|first=Sarah-Jane|date=23 April 2016|publisher=The Australian}}</ref>
* early production of [[Insulin (medication)|insulin]] for treatment of Australian diabetics (1923)
* development of a [[tetanus]] vaccine (1938)
* development of a combined vaccine for [[diphtheria]], tetanus and [[whooping cough]] (1953)
* rapid adoption and production of a [[polio vaccine]] (1956)
* development of a multi-purpose animal vaccine covering pulpy kidney ([[enterotoxemia]]), tetanus, [[black disease]], [[Malignant edema|malignant oedema]] and [[Blackleg (disease)|blackleg]] (1961)
* production of Rhesus (D) immunoglobulin to prevent haemolytic disease in newborns due to [[Rh disease|Rh factor incompatibility]] (1966–67)
* pioneering heat treatment to protect blood and plasma products from infection with [[HIV]] (1983)
* collaboration on development of the world's first [[human papillomavirus]] vaccine, [[Gardasil]], building on the pioneering work by [[Ian Frazer|Professor Ian Frazer]] (1994–2005).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uniquest.com.au/filething/get/8631/Gardasil%20Commercialisation%20Story.pdf|title=A global solution to reducing cervical cancer|website=Uniquest commercialisation stories|publisher=The University of Queensland|access-date=29 April 2016}}</ref>

=== Privatisation ===
In 1994, the Commonwealth facility was privatised by the [[Keating government]] as CSL Ltd. and was publicly listed and traded on the [[Australian Securities Exchange]]. The company completed an [[initial public offering]] in June 1994 at A$2.30 per share (76.7c adjusted for split). CSL stock is part of the [[S&P/ASX 20]] Index.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asx.com.au/asx/share-price-research/company/CSL|title=CSL Limited|access-date=7 February 2020|work=[[Australian Securities Exchange]]}}</ref>

=== Acquisition of ZLB Bioplasma AG and Aventis Behring ===
In 2000, CSL doubled its size through the purchase of a Swiss plasma company, the Bern-based ZLB Bioplasma AG.<ref name="wsj-csl-buys-zlb-bio">{{cite news |author1=Dow Jones Newswires |title=Australia's CSL Agrees to Acquire Aventis Unit for up to $925 Million |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107095001643104600 |access-date=22 February 2021 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=9 December 2003 |quote=''… this deal eclipses the A$1 billion (US$740.2 million) CSL spent in 2000 to buy ZLB Bioplasma from the Swiss Red Cross.''}}</ref> In 2004, during a period of plasma oversupply, the company expanded again with the purchase of the German medical company Aventis Behring.<ref name="pharma-letr-csl-buys-avent-behr">{{cite web |title=Aventis disposes of Behring unit with $925M sale to Australia's CSL – |url=https://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/aventis-disposes-of-behring-unit-with-925m-sale-to-australia-s-csl |website=thepharmaletter.com |publisher=The Pharma Letter |access-date=22 February 2021 |date=15 December 2003 |quote=''… Aventis says that it has agreed to sell its Aventis Behring blood products business to Australia's CSL …'' |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923070545/https://www.thepharmaletter.com/article/aventis-disposes-of-behring-unit-with-925m-sale-to-australia-s-csl |archive-date=23 September 2021 }}</ref> The company was the second Australian public company to have reached a share price of over $100 per share.<ref name="quest-csl-$100+">{{cite web |title=CSL bursts through the $100 barrier |url=https://questap.com.au/csl-bursts-through-the-100-barrier/ |publisher=Quest Asset Partners |date= 4 August 2015 |access-date=22 February 2021 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228082802/http://questap.com.au/csl-bursts-through-the-100-barrier/ |archive-date=28 February 2016 }}</ref>

=== Acquisition and merging of Novartis ===
In October 2014, [[Novartis]] announced its intention to sell its influenza vaccine business, including its development pipeline, to CSL for $275 million. CSL merged it into its BioCSL operation.<ref>{{cite web|first=Alex|last=Phillipidis|url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-selling-flu-vaccine-business-to-csl-for-275m/81250520/|title=Novartis Selling Flu Vaccine Business to CSL for $275M|work=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News|date=27 October 2014|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

In November 2015, BioCSL rebranded the combined business with Novartis Influenza Vaccines as ''Seqirus'' [Sek-eer-us], creating the world's second-largest influenza vaccine company.<ref>[http://www.csl.com.au/Seqirus.htm Sequirus] Commonwealth Serum Laboratories</ref>

In August 2017, the business announced it would acquire Calimmune and its stem cell therapy platform.<ref>{{cite press release |title=CSL Behring Acquires Biotech Company Calimmune and its Proprietary Stem Cell Gene Therapy Platform |url=https://investors.csl.com/site/PDF/f00cb92f-cb30-4ed5-a5db-40a2c960f233/CSLBehringAcquiresUSBiotechCompanyCalimmune |publisher=CSL  |date=2017-08-06 |access-date=2021-12-15}}</ref>

Completed in 2018, Seqirus's Holly Spring, NC, the plant was funded with $59 million from the U.S. government.<ref>{{cite news|last=Willman|first=David|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/federal-vaccine-development-sites-ill-suited-to-counter-covid-19-epidemic/2020/03/15/34e8586c-63c4-11ea-acca-80c22bbee96f_story.html|title=Federal vaccine development sites ill-suited to counter covid-19 epidemic|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref>

in June 2020, CSL announced it would exercise its right to acquire Vitaeris.<ref>{{cite press release |title=CSL to Acquire Biotech Company Vitaeris |url=https://investors.csl.com/site/PDF/471311e9-12c0-4075-8f46-d595377b96d2/CSLtoAcquireBiotechCompanyVitaeris |publisher=CSL  |date=2020-09-06 |access-date=2021-12-15}}</ref>

In December 2021, the business announced it would acquire Swiss drugmaker, [[Vifor Pharma]] AG, for $11.7 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/australias-csl-buy-swiss-drugmaker-vifor-117-billion-2021-12-13/|date=2021-12-14|access-date=2021-12-15|title=Australia's CSL to buy Swiss drugmaker Vifor for $11.7 bln|first1=Nikhil|last1=Nainan|first2=Silke|last2=Koltrowitz|first3=Scott|last3=Murdoch|work=Reuters}}</ref>

In August 2022, CSL rebranded all of its divisions to start with the CSL name. Therefore, the divisions became [[CSL Behring]], [[CSL Plasma]], [[CSL Seqirus]], and [[CSL Vifor]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coey |first=Sharon Klahr |date=2022-08-26 |title=CSL to unite all business units, including Seqirus, under the CSL umbrella |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/marketing/csl-unite-all-business-unit-including-seqirus-under-one-csl-umbrella |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826150412/https://www.fiercepharma.com/marketing/csl-unite-all-business-unit-including-seqirus-under-one-csl-umbrella |archive-date=2022-08-26 |website=Fierce Pharma}}</ref>

===Acquisition history===
{{hidden begin|border=1px #aaa solid|title=CSL Limited acquisitions|ta1=center}}
{{Tree list}}
*'''CSL Limited''' <small>(Founded 1916 as Commonwealth Serum Laboratories)</small>
**[[CSL Behring|ZLB Behring]]
***ZLB Bioplasma AG <small>(Acq 2000)</small>
***Aventis Behring <small>(Acq 2004)</small>
***[[Vifor Pharma]] <small>(Acq 2021)</small>
**Seqirus <small>(Merged 2014)</small>
***BioCSL
***Novartis Influenza Vaccines div.
**Calimmune <small>(Acq 2017)</small>
**Vitaeris <small>(Acq 2020)</small>
{{Tree list/end}}
{{hidden end}}
[[File:CSL Global Headquarters, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.jpg|thumb|CSL's global headquarters building in Parkville, Victoria]]

== Locations ==
The company's headquarters remain in [[Parkville, Victoria]], an inner suburb of [[Melbourne]], and has offices and laboratory space in [[Sydney]].

CSL Behring is headquartered in [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia, USA]] and it has manufacturing operations and R&D laboratories in [[Broadmeadows, Victoria]], the Swiss city of [[Bern]], in [[Marburg]] in Germany, and [[Kankakee, Illinois|Kankakee, USA]].

Seqirus has its headquarters in [[Maidenhead]] and has production facilities in [[Holly Springs, NC|Holly Springs, US]], [[Liverpool]], UK, and [[Parkville, Victoria]]

== Vaccines ==
{{flu}}

=== A/H1N1 2009 pandemic ===
{{See also|2009 swine flu pandemic in Australia}}
CSL's vaccine for [[Influenza A virus subtype H1N1|swine flu]], the world's first, was approved in September 2009 for use by people over age 10.<ref>{{cite web
 |title=Panvax H1N1 Approval For Registration For Use in Australia by Therapeutic Goods Administration 
 |url=http://www.csl.com.au/s1/cs/auhq/1196562649899/news/1249870443804/prdetail.htm 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925175938/http://www.csl.com.au/s1/cs/auhq/1187378853299/news/1249870443804/prdetail.htm
 |publisher=CSL Limited 
 |location=Melbourne, Australia 
 |date=18 September 2009 
 |archive-date=25 September 2009
 |access-date=26 September 2009 
 |quote=CSL Biotherapies, a subsidiary of CSL Limited, Australia's leading biopharmaceutical company, can today confirm that its vaccine against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza or 'swine flu' has been approved registration for use in people aged 10 years and over.
 |url-status=live 
}}</ref> The federal government ordered 21{{nbsp}}million doses of vaccine for Australians.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tran|first=Mark|date=2009-07-22|title=First human trials of swine flu vaccine begin in Australia|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/22/swine-flu-australia-vaccine-tests|access-date=2020-09-07|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[CSL Behring|CSL]] also provided vaccines for customers in Singapore and the US.

On 28 September 2010, the Australian [[Therapeutic Goods Administration]]  (TGA) conducted an analysis of [[febrile convulsions]] following immunisation in children following monovalent pandemic [[Influenza A virus subtype H1N1|H1N1]] vaccine (Panvax/Panvax Junior, CSL).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Administration |first=Australian Government Department of Health Therapeutic Goods |date=2010-09-28 |title=Analysis of febrile convulsions following immunisation in children following monovalent pandemic H1N1 vaccine (Panvax/Panvax Junior, CSL) |url=https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/analysis-febrile-convulsions-following-immunisation-children-following-monovalent-pandemic-h1n1-vaccine-panvaxpanvax-junior-csl |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) |language=en}}</ref>

A paper published in the Medical Journal of Australia provides a possible reason for CSL's 2010 flu vaccine causing febrile convulsions in children. The authors hypothesise that suboptimal use of the detergent called [[deoxycholate]] – used in the manufacturing process by CSL (one of the few vaccine manufacturers that use it) – to split the flu virus from its membrane may be at fault.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Adverse events associated with 2010 CSL and other inactivated influenza vaccines|pmid=21929484|doi=10.5694/mja11.10941|journal=The Medical Journal of Australia|volume=195|issue=6|date=19 September 2011|pages=318–320|first1=Heath A|last1=Kelly|first2=Danuta M|last2=Skowronski|first3=Gaston|last3=De Serres|first4=Paul V|last4=Effler|s2cid=9389146 }}</ref>

=== COVID-19 pandemic ===
{{See also|COVID-19 pandemic in Australia}}
On 7 September 2020, CSL signed agreements with the Australian government to supply the University of Queensland vaccine ([[V451 vaccine|V451]]) and to manufacture (with [[AstraZeneca]]) the [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] vaccine ([[AZD1222]]), which would yield nearly 85 million doses for Australians. The agreement was contingent on the future success of clinical trials of these vaccines. Most of the manufacture would occur in Melbourne, Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 September 2020|title=CSL to manufacture and supply University of Queensland and Oxford University vaccine candidates for Australia|url=https://www.csl.com/news/2020/20200907-csl-to-manufacture-and-supply-uq-and-ou-vaccine-candidates-for-australia|access-date=2020-09-07|website=csl.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=7 September 2020|title=Australia secures onshore manufacturing agreements for two COVID-19 vaccines {{!}} Prime Minister of Australia|url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/australia-secures-onshore-manufacturing-agreements-two-covid-19-vaccines|access-date=2020-09-07|website=pm.gov.au|archive-date=7 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907043720/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/australia-secures-onshore-manufacturing-agreements-two-covid-19-vaccines|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 11 December 2020, after a high percentage of the University of Queensland vaccine trial participants returned "false positive" results for HIV, it was decided that vaccine development will not proceed to Phase 2/3 trials.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Update on The University of Queensland COVID-19 vaccine|url=https://wcsecure.weblink.com.au/pdf/CSL/02320942.pdf|publisher=CSL Limited|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211104422/https://wcsecure.weblink.com.au/pdf/CSL/02320942.pdf |archive-date=11 December 2020 }}</ref>

On 23 March 2021, the [[Therapeutic Goods Administration]] provisionally approved the first batches, numbering 832,000 doses, of the [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine]] manufactured by CSL in its plant in [[Broadmeadows, Victoria]]. The Australian Government has contracted CSL to produce 50 million doses of the vaccine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-23|title=National medical regulator approves 800,000 Australian-made doses of AstraZeneca vaccine|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-03-23/therapeutic-goods-administration-astrazeneca-vaccine-approved/100024730|access-date=2021-04-09|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|language=en-AU}}</ref>

== Divisions ==
CSL Limited's products can be separated by company division. Some of the key products produced by each division, have included:

=== Seqirus (bioCSL) ===

'''[[Vaccines]]:'''<ref name="Global products">{{cite web | title=Products | website=Seqirus | date=6 December 2018 | url=https://www.seqirus.com/products | access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>
* Afluria ([[influenza vaccine]]) -- Argentina, Peru, South Africa, Spain, US<ref name="Global products" />
** Enzira—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
** Fluvax—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
** Nilgrip—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
* Afluria Quadrivalent (influenza vaccine) -- Australia, Canada, New Zealand, US<ref name="Global products" />
** Afluria Quad—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
** Afluria Tetra—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
* Agrippal (influenza vaccine) -- Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Thailand<ref name="Global products" />
** Agriflu—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
** Begripal—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
** Chiroflu—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
** Fluazur—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
** Sandovac—in various different markets<ref name="Global products" />
* Audenz ([[H5N1 vaccine|influenza A (H5N1) vaccine]]) -- US<ref name="Global products" />
* Fluad (influenza vaccine) -- Argentina, Austria, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, UK, US<ref name="Global products" />
** Chiromas—Spain<ref name="Global products" />
* Fluad Pediatric (influenza vaccine) -- Canada<ref name="Global products" />
* Flucelvax Quadrivalent (influenza vaccine) -- Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, US<ref name="Global products" />
* [[Q-VAX]] (''[[Coxiella burnetii]]'' vaccine) -- Australia<ref name="Australia products" />
* Rapivab ([[peramivir]]) -- Australia, US<ref name="Global products" />

'''[[Antivenom]]s:''' (Australia)<ref name="Australia products">{{cite web | title=Products | website=Seqirus | location=Australia | url=https://www.seqirus.com.au/products | access-date=9 February 2020}}</ref>
* [[Pseudechis|Black snake]]
* [[Box jellyfish]]
* [[Pseudonaja|Brown snake]]
* [[Acanthophis|Death adder]]
* [[Australian funnel-web spider|Funnel web spider]]
* Polyvalent [[snake antivenom]]
* [[Redback spider]]
* [[Sea snake]]
* [[Stonefish]]
* [[Taipan]]
* [[Tiger snake]]
* Snake Venom Detection Kit

=== CSL Behring (Australia) ===
* Albumex ([[serum albumin]])
* Biostate ([[Factor VIII]])
* Carimune, which is [[immunoglobulin]] for [[intravenous]] administration (IGIV)
* CMV Immunoglobulin-VF ([[cytomegalovirus]] [[immunoglobulin]])
* Helixate, which is [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant]] Antihemophilic Factor, a blood-clotting factor for the treatment of [[haemophilia]]
* Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
* human immunoglobulin – Intragam P, Normal, Rh(D) Immunoglobulin-VF, Sandoglobulin,
* MonoFIX-VF ([[Factor IX]])
* Prothrombinex-HT ([[prothrombin complex]])
* Rhophylac ([[Blood Typing#Rhesus system (CDE)|Rh(D)]] [[immunoglobulin G]])
* Tetanus Immunoglobulin-VF
* Thrombotrol-VF ([[antithrombin III]])
* Vivaglobin, sub-cutaneous human immune globulin indicated for the treatment of [[primary immunodeficiency]]. This product gained FDA approval in January 2006.
* [[Von Willebrand factor]]
* Zoster Immunoglobulin-VF ([[varicella zoster]] immunoglobulin)
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cslbehring.com.au/products/products-list| title=Products | website=cslbehring.com.au | access-date=7 February 2020 }}</ref>

=== CSL Behring ===
'''[[Immunology]]:'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101120162626/http://cslbehring.com/docs/555/221/Global%20Product%20Portfolio_03.11.10.pdf Global product portfolio] CSL Behring, 3 November 2010</ref>
* Beriglobin P, human [[hepatitis A]] [[immunoglobulin]], liquid 16% solution for [[intramuscular]] injection
* Berirab P, human [[rabies]] [[immunoglobulin]], liquid 16% solution for [[intramuscular]] injection
* Carimune NF, Sandoglobulin, Sanglopor human normal [[immunoglobulin]], freeze-dried formulations for [[intravenous]] administration
* Cytogam, human [[cytomegalovirus]] [[immunoglobulin]]. Liquid [[immunoglobulin]] containing a standardized amount of antibody to [[cytomegalovirus]].
* Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin P Behring, human [[hepatitis B]] [[immunoglobulin]], liquid 16% solution for [[intramuscular]] injection
* Hizentra, Human normal [[immunoglobulin]]. Liquid 20% immunoglobulin solution, ready-to-use for [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]] administration
* Privigen, human polyvalent [[immunoglobulin]], liquid 10% solution for [[intravenous]] injection
* Rhesogamma P, human [[anti-D]] [[immunoglobulin]]. Prefilled syringes of highly purified anti-[[Rhesus factor]] D IgG for [[intravenous]] administration and [[intramuscular]] injection.
* Rhophylac human [[anti-D]] [[immunoglobulin]]. Prefilled syringes of highly purified anti-[[Rhesus factor]] D IgG for [[intravenous]] administration and [[intramuscular]] injection.
* Sandoglobulin NF Liquid, Redimune, Redimune NF Liquid, human normal [[immunoglobulin]], liquid 12% solution for [[intravenous]] administration
* Tetagam P, human [[tetanus]] [[immunoglobulin]], liquid 16% solution for [[intramuscular]] injection
* Varicellon P, human [[varicella]] [[immunoglobulin]], liquid 16% solution for [[intramuscular]] injection
*Vivaglobin, human normal [[immunoglobulin]], liquid 16% solution for [[Subcutaneous injection|subcutaneous]] administration

'''[[Coagulation]]/Bleeding Disorders:'''
* Beriate, freeze-dried human [[coagulation]] [[factor VIII]] concentrate
* Berinin P, freeze-dried human [[coagulation]] [[factor IX]] concentrate
* Factor X P Behring, a freeze-dried human [[coagulation]] [[factor IX]] and [[factor X]] concentrate
* Fibrogammin P, Cluvot and Corifact, freeze-dried human [[coagulation]] [[factor XIII]] concentrate
* Helixate FS and Helixate NexGen, freeze-dried [[Recombinant DNA|recombinant]] [[coagulation]] [[factor VIII]]
* Humate-P and Haemate P, freeze-dried human [[coagulation]] [[factor VIII]]: C and [[von Willebrand factor]] concentrate
* Monoclate P, a freeze-dried [[monoclonal antibody]] purified human [[coagulation]] [[factor VIII]] concentrate
* Mononine, a freeze-dried human coagulation [[factor IX]] that has been purified using monoclonal antibodies
* Stimate, a synthetic [[desmopressin]] acetate nasal spray
* Octostim, a synthetic [[desmopressin]] acetate nasal spray

'''[[human lung|Pulmonary]]:'''
* Zemaira, Respreeza freeze-dried Human Alpha<sub>1</sub>-proteinase inhibitor (A<sub>1</sub>-PI)

'''[[intensive-care medicine|Critical Care]]:'''
* AlbuRx, Alburex, Albumeon, Human Albumin Behring, Albuminar 25, human [[albumin]] solution (5%, 20% or 25% human albumin solutions)
* Berinert P, freeze-dried human C<sub>1</sub>-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) concentrate
* Beriplex P/N, freeze-dried human [[prothrombin complex concentrate]]
* Haemocomplettan P, RiaSTAP, freeze-dried human [[fibrinogen]] (factor I) concentrate
* Kybernin P, freeze-dried human [[antithrombin]] III concentrate
* Streptase, freeze-dried [[streptokinase]]

'''Wound Healing:'''
* Beriplast P Combi-Set, [[fibrin sealant]] kit, freeze-dried fibrin sealant for topical application
* Fibrogammin P, freeze-dried human [[coagulation]] [[factor XIII]] concentrate
* TachoComb, [[fibrin sealant]] fleece-type, fleece-type collagen preparations coated with [[fibrin glue]] components

Product availability varies from country to country, depending on registration status.

== Honours ==
In 2011, the company received the Minister's Award for Outstanding Equal Employment Opportunities Initiative for their Thinking Kids Children's Centre.<ref>{{cite web|title=CSL wins equal opportunity award for onsite childcare centre|url=http://www.csl.com.au/s1/cs/auhq/1187378853299/news/1255927606177/prdetail.htm|website=CSL Newsroom|publisher=CSL|access-date=25 October 2016}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Australian Red Cross Blood Service]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
*AH Brogan, ''Committed to Saving Lives: a History of the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories'' (Melbourne: Hyland House, 1990).
*Dando McCredie, ''The Fight Against Disease and CSL's Seventy Year Contribution'' (Richmond: Dando McCredie, c.1986).
*FG Morgan, 'The Commonwealth Serum Laboratories and their work', ''Collected Proceedings of the Society of Chemical Industry of Victoria'', XXXV (1935), 1015–31.
*WJ Penfold, 'The Commonwealth Serum Laboratories', ''Medical Journal of Australia'', 1 (14 April 1923), 396–400.
*Struan K Sutherland, ''A Venomous Life: the Autobiography of Professor Struan Sutherland'' (Melbourne: Hyland House, 1998).

{{S&P/ASX 50}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:CSL Limited}}
[[Category:Australian companies established in 1916]]
[[Category:Biotechnology companies established in 1916]]
[[Category:Biotechnology companies of Australia]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies in the S&P ASX 50]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Melbourne]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1916]]
[[Category:Former Commonwealth Government-owned companies of Australia]]
[[Category:Companies based in Melbourne]]