Editing Cajon Pass

{{Short description|Mountain pass in Southern California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox mountain pass
| name = Cajon Pass
| other_name = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Puerto del Cajón'', ''Paso del Cajón''
| photo = Cajon Pass, wide angle.jpg
| photo_caption = I-15 passing over Cajon Summit
| map               = USA California Southern##California
| map_caption       = Location in [[California]]
| map_relief        = yes
| elevation_ft = 3777
| elevation_ref = <ref name=ngs/>
| traversed = {{Jct|state=CA|SR|138}}<br/>{{Jct|state=CA|US|66}} (from 1926-1979)<!-- DO NOT CHANGE IT TO "1926-PRESENT". US 66 WAS TRUNCATED TO KINGMAN, ARIZONA IN 1979. --> <br/>{{Jct|state=CA|US|91}} ''(until 1974)''<br/>{{Jct|state=CA|US|395}} ''(until 1979)''<br/>[[Union Pacific Railroad]]/[[BNSF Railway]]/[[Amtrak]]<br/>{{Jct|state=CA|I|15}} ''(indirectly)''
| location = [[San Bernardino County, California]], [[United States]]
| range = [[San Bernardino Mountains]]/[[San Gabriel Mountains]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|34|19|33|N|117|25|42|W|type:pass_region:US-CA|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| topo = 
}}

'''Cajon Pass''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|h|oʊ|n}}; [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Puerto del Cajón'' or ''Paso del Cajón'')<ref>[https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/noticias/california/articulo/2020-07-13/probabilidad-de-gran-terremoto-en-san-andres-aumento-por-temblores-de-ridgecrest-sugiere-estudio San Diego Union-Tribune en Español - La probabilidad de un gran terremoto en San Andrés aumentó por los temblores de Ridgecrest, sugiere un estudio]</ref><ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/espanol/sns-es-suben-temperaturas-mientras-incendio-se-acerca-a-lake-tahoe-20210830-mlcvzo7nbnflblbcumskzonb74-story.html Chicago Tribune - Suben temperaturas mientras incendio se acerca a lago Tahoe]</ref> is a [[mountain pass]] between the [[San Bernardino Mountains]] to the east and the [[San Gabriel Mountains]] to the west in [[Southern California]]. Created by the movements of the [[San Andreas Fault]], it has an elevation of {{convert|3,777|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=ngs>{{cite ngs|id= EV2092 |designation= 703 26 B |accessdate= 3 August 2010}}</ref> Located in the [[Mojave Desert]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Itinerary |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/bul/613/sec24.htm |access-date=2010-11-28 |quote=''The slope, the southern edge of the [[Mohave Desert]], is a thick succession of sheets of gravel and sand extending far up the mountain sides and beyond the summit at Cajon (cah-hone') Pass''}}</ref> the pass is an important link from the [[San Bernardino Valley|Greater San Bernardino Area]] to the [[Victor Valley]], and northeast to [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]]. The Cajon Pass area is on the [[Pacific Crest Trail]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://hikerfeed.com/pacific-crest-trail/towns | title=Pacific Crest Trail Towns - HikerFeed }}</ref>

Cajon Pass is at the head of [[Horsethief Canyon]], traversed by [[California State Route 138]] (SR 138) and railroad tracks owned by [[BNSF Railway]] and [[Union Pacific Railroad]]. Improvements in 1972 reduced the railroad's maximum elevation from about {{convert|3829|to|3777|ft|m}}<ref name=ngs/><ref name=ngs-ev2096>{{cite ngs|id= EV2096 |designation= Summit |accessdate= 3 August 2010}}</ref> while reducing curvature.
[[Interstate 15]] does not traverse Cajon Pass, but rather the nearby '''Cajon Summit''', {{coord|34|20|58|N|117|26|47|W|display=inline|type:mountain_source:GNIS|name=Cajon Summit}},{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}} The entire area, Cajon Pass and Cajon Summit, is often referred to as Cajon Pass,<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.summitpost.org/canyon/605337/Cajon-Pass-Cajon-Canyon.html |title= Cajon Pass/Cajon Canyon |publisher= Summitpost.org |access-date = 11 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Hall |first= Alice Aby |title= The Cajon Pass |year= 2009 |publisher= Arcadia Publishing |isbn= 978-0-7385-7075-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jUPlGM-qosgC&pg=PA7 |pages= 7–8}}</ref> but a distinction is made between Cajon Pass and Cajon Summit.<ref>{{cite web |title= Inventory of Lifelines in the Cajon Pass, California |publisher= [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] |year= 1991 |url= http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1746}}</ref>

[[File:Mormon Rocks-1.JPG|thumb|A freight train passing in front of Mormon Rocks]]

In 1851, a group of [[Mormon]] settlers led by [[Amasa M. Lyman]] and [[Charles C. Rich]] traveled through Cajon Pass in [[covered wagon]]s on their way from [[Salt Lake City]] to southern California. A prominent rock formation in the pass, where the [[Mormon Road]] and the railway merge (at {{coord|34.3184|-117.4920|display=inline}}, near Sullivan's Curve), is known as Mormon Rocks.

[[File:MORMON ROCKS San Andreas.jpg|thumb|Near the State Route 138 and Interstate 15 junction, the Mormon Rocks are evidence of the San Andreas fault beneath the surface]]

==Name==
In Spanish, the word ''cajón'' refers to a box or drawer. The name of the pass is derived from the Spanish land grant encompassing the area; it was first referred to in English on an 1852 map.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=M-22djGNuhwC&dq=Cajon%20Pass%20etymology&pg=SL3-PA46 California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names]</ref> Early [[Latter-day Saint]] documents, which often referred to the pass as "Cahoon Pass", suggest an alternate explanation for the name, that it is named in honor of Mormon pioneer Andrew Cahoon (pronounced similarly to Cajon), who was an early settler in nearby San Bernardino and  assisted in surveying and laying out the city of San Bernardino.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cahoon Shurtleff |first=Stella |date=2015 |title=Reynolds Cahoon and his stalwart sons: Utah pioneer|pages=124–125}}</ref>

==Aviation==
Cajon Pass is known for high wind, turbulence and fog.<ref name=Ghori>{{cite news
|url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/rialto/stories/PE_News_Local_C_mercy13.3486b1a.html
|work=[[Press-Enterprise]]
|title=Mercy aircraft missions resume : Some crews are back in service after the fleet was grounded following a crash Sunday.
|date=2006-12-13
|last=Ghori
|first=Imran
|author2=Lisa O'Neill Hill
|author3=Ben Goad
|quote=James Ladue, a flight instructor for M.I. Air, a flight school that operates out of Redlands Municipal Airport...said the Cajon Pass ...area is known for high wind, turbulence and fog.
|access-date=2007-06-19
|archive-date=2007-09-29
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095447/http://www.pe.com/localnews/rialto/stories/PE_News_Local_C_mercy13.3486b1a.html
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> 
The weather over the pass can vary from foggy days with poor visibility to clear afternoons where aircraft are bounced by gusting [[Santa Ana winds]] that top {{convert|80|mph|abbr=on}}. The wind is typically from the west, although in Santa Ana and other weather conditions it may be out of the north or the southeast. Air spilling over the San Gabriels can cause violent up- and downdrafts. On a normal day, with the wind out of the west, turbulence usually starts a few miles west of [[Rialto, California|Rialto]] and continues a few miles to the east, growing in strength above the altitude of the mountains and especially over the pass near the HITOP intersection.<!--what is the HITOP VFR?--> In Santa Ana conditions, up- and downdrafts can become violent northeast of Ontario Airport, and turbulence can be experienced east to the [[Banning Pass]], well known for turbulence. The mass and [[wing loading]] of an aircraft determine its sensitivity to turbulence, so what may seem violent in a [[Cessna 172]] may seem only mild to moderate in a [[Boeing 747]].<ref name=Gang>{{cite news
|url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/rialto/stories/PE_News_Local_D_mercy12.3a9de9c.html#pop
|work=[[Press-Enterprise]]
|title=Helicopters grounded : The number of crashes has increased in recent years, a federal study finds.
|date=2006-12-12
|first=Duane W.
|last=Gang
|author2=Lisa O'Neill-Hill
|author3=Paul LaRocco
|quote=Cpl. Brian Miller, a helicopter pilot with the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department Aviation Unit, said the weather over the pass can vary, from foggy days with poor visibility to clear afternoons where aircraft are bounced by gusting Santa Ana winds that top {{convert|50|mph|abbr=on}}.
|access-date=2007-06-19
|archive-date=2007-09-29
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083215/http://www.pe.com/localnews/rialto/stories/PE_News_Local_D_mercy12.3a9de9c.html#pop
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> In the [[2006 Mercy Air 2 accident]], an [[air ambulance]] helicopter collided with mountainous terrain near the pass in foggy weather.

==Rail transport==
[[File:Santa Fe stopped at Cajon Siding, March 1943.jpg|thumb|right|[[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway|Santa Fe Railway]] brakeman atop a train that has paused at Cajon siding to cool its brakes after descending Cajon Pass in March 1943]]

=== Traffic ===
[[File:Santa Fe R.R. trains going through Cajon Pass in the San Bernardino Mountains 1a34758v.jpg|thumb|Santa Fe train climbing to Cajon Pass 1943]]
[[File:UP 9214 19910510 CA Cajon.jpg|thumb|[[Union Pacific Railroad]] [[GE Dash 8-40C]] #9214 leads a freight train up Cajon Pass]]
[[File:844 nov 19 2011 036xRP - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg|thumb|Union Pacific excursion train at Cajon Pass pulled by [[Union Pacific FEF Series|FEF-3]] [[4-8-4]] "Northern" type [[steam locomotive]] [[UP 844]]]]

The [[California Southern Railroad]], a subsidiary of the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]], was the first railroad through Cajon Pass. The line through the pass was built in the early 1880s to connect the present day cities of [[Barstow, California|Barstow]] and [[San Diego]].<ref>{{cite book| author=Waters, Leslie L.| title=Steel Trails to Santa Fe| year=1950| publisher=University of Kansas Press| location=Lawrence, Kansas| pages=131–133 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author=Serpico, Philip C.| title=Santa Fé Route to the Pacific| year=1988| publisher=Omni Publications| location=Palmdale, California| isbn=0-88418-000-X| pages=18–24 }}</ref> Today the [[Union Pacific Railroad]] and [[BNSF Railway]] (the successor to the Santa Fe) use the pass to reach Los Angeles and San Bernardino as part of the [[Southern Transcon]]. Due to the many trains, scenery and easy access, it is a popular location for [[railfan]]s, and many photographs of trains on Cajon Pass appear in books and magazines.

The Union Pacific Railroad owns one track through the pass, on the previous Southern Pacific Railroad Palmdale cutoff, opened in 1967. The BNSF Railway owns two tracks and began to operate a third main track in the summer of 2008.<ref name="BNSFCAJON">{{cite web |last=Ghori |first=Imram |url=http://www.pe.com/localnews/transportation/stories/PE_News_Local_D_rail14.3f1cf86.html |title=Railway aims to add track through Cajon Pass |publisher=Riverside Press-Enterprise |date=August 15, 2007 |access-date=April 30, 2008 |archive-date=May 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520023238/http://www.pe.com/localnews/transportation/stories/PE_News_Local_D_rail14.3f1cf86.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The railroads share track rights through the pass ever since the Union Pacific gained track rights on the Santa Fe portion negotiated under the original [[Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad]]. The original BNSF (ATSF) line was built in the 1880s and later roads, [[U.S. Route 66]] and I-15, roughly followed this route. The 3.0% [[grade (slope)|grade]] for a few miles on the south track is challenging for long trains, making the westbound descent dangerous, as a runaway can occur if the engineer is not careful in handling the brakes. The second track, built in 1913, is {{convert|2|mi|km}} longer to get a lower 2.2% grade. It ran through two short tunnels, but both were removed when the third main track was added next to the 1913 line.<ref name="BNSFCAJON" />  Trains may be seen traveling at speeds of {{convert|60|and|70|mph|abbr=on}} on the straighter track away from the pass, but typically ascend at {{convert|14|to|22|mph|abbr=on}} and descend at {{convert|20|to|30|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="BNSFCAJON" /> With the third track, the BNSF lines have a capacity of 150 trains per day.<ref name="BNSFCAJON" />

===Recent Incidents===
* The steep downhill grade south of the pass was a contributing factor in the May 12, 1989, [[San Bernardino train disaster]].
* Cajon Pass was the site of a major accident on December 14, 1994, when a westbound Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe intermodal train lost control and crashed into the rear of a westbound Union Pacific coal train just below California Highway 138, between Alray and Cajon.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-12-15-mn-9334-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Tom | last=Gorman | title=Runaway Train Hits Another in Cajon Pass | date=15 December 1994}}</ref> Thankfully, the Santa Fe crew warned the Union Pacific crew ahead of time, and the UP crew on the helper locomotives at the back of their train bailed out and were uninjured, while the Santa Fe crew received minor injuries after bailing out in turn before impact. All of the Santa Fe and UP helper locomotives involved in the collision suffered irreparable damage and were scrapped, while the lead UP locomotives were undamaged.
* On February 1, 1996, a brakeman and a conductor were killed when a Santa Fe manifest train derailed and caught fire at Cajon Pass. The accident caused nearby highways to be shut down for days along with locals living nearby being ordered to evacuate.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-02-02-mn-31560-story.html | work=Los Angeles Times | first1=Tom | last1=Gorman | first2=Eric | last2=Malnic | title=2 Killed in Fiery Train Wreck in Cajon Pass | date=2 February 1996}}</ref>
* The August 16, 2016 [[Blue Cut Fire]] destroyed a [[trestle bridge|trestle]] on the Union Pacific mainline.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.oesnews.com/rr-trestle-burned-blue-cut-fire-undergoing-rapid-repairs/ | title=RR Trestle Burned by Blue Cut Fire Undergoing Rapid Repairs | last1=Boyd | first1=Shawn | date=18 August 2016 | publisher=CalOES | access-date=19 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211044230/http://www.oesnews.com/rr-trestle-burned-blue-cut-fire-undergoing-rapid-repairs/ | archive-date=11 February 2019 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On August 21, 2018, a train carrying hazardous materials derailed, causing a [[FedEx]] facility near the tracks to evacuate, along with one school that took shelter.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sbsun.com/2018/08/21/train-derailment-reported-in-cajon-pass-evacuations-of-neary-building-underway/|title=No threat to public reported after 13 train tanker cars derail in San Bernardino|date=2018-08-21|work=San Bernardino Sun|access-date=2018-10-07|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Passenger service===
Amtrak's ''[[Desert Wind]]'' used the pass until it quit running in 1997. The ''[[Southwest Chief]]'' runs daily between Chicago and Los Angeles, through Cajon Pass on the BNSF line.

As of 2024, the [[Brightline West]] high-speed rail line is currently under construction in Cajon Pass as part of its route between Rancho Cucamonga and Las Vegas. The route will follow the existing I-15 right-of-way.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-22 |title=Rail spikes hammered, bullet train being built from Sin City to the City of Angels |url=https://apnews.com/article/high-speed-train-vegas-los-angeles-brightline-595913ff2fa3d9001fb89bfab4e6c4d2 |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>

==Road transport==
The [[Mojave Freeway]] (I-15) was built in 1969 over Cajon Summit west of Cajon Pass. It is a major route from Los Angeles and the Inland Empire to Las Vegas. The freeway runs above and parallel to an original stretch of [[U.S. Route 66]] and [[U.S. Route 395]]. This stretch, now known as Cajon Boulevard, is a short, well-preserved fragment dating to a rerouting and widening of the highway in the early 1950s. Only the southbound/westbound lanes are in use; the northbound/eastbound lanes and corresponding bridges are closed to through traffic. It is along this stretch of road, accessible via either the Kenwood Avenue or Cleghorn Road exits that some of the best trainspotting areas are found. The Cajon Pass segment of I-15 was named the deadliest road in California.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cajon Pass named deadliest road in California |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/cajon-pass-named-deadliest-road-in-california/ar-AA12P3Hq |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=MSN |language=en-US}}</ref>

The historic [[Summit Inn]], off the Oak Hills exit at the summit of the pass, was a historic Route 66 diner and was in the same location from 1952 to 2016, when it was destroyed by the Blue Cut fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-updates-wildfire-season-summit-inn-a-popular-roadside-diner-1471410149-htmlstory.html|title=California wildfire updates: Fast-moving fire in Santa Cruz mountains threatens structures|website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=27 September 2016 }}</ref>  Some maps may show the Cajon Pass as a feature on SR 138, which crosses I-15 south of the summit between West Cajon Valley and Summit Valley. The highest point on I-15 between Los Angeles and Victorville is thus sometimes identified as Cajon Summit. However, the entire area, including Cajon Summit, is often called Cajon Pass.

==Pacific Crest Trail==
The [[Pacific Crest Trail]] goes through the Cajon Pass area, and during the hiking season up to several thousand [[Thru-hiking|transient hikers]] will pass through this area after walking one of the hottest, driest, and most grueling sections of desert on the trail. A nearby [[McDonald's]] restaurant happens to be very close to the trail, and it is famous among hikers. Many hikers also spend the night in the one motel at Cajon Junction.

==Utilities infrastructure==
Three [[Southern California Edison]] 500 kV high voltage [[electric power transmission|power lines]] cross the summit. These lines head to the Lugo [[Electrical substation|substation]] northeast of Cajon Pass and connect to [[Path 26]] and [[Path 46]]. Both Path 26 and 46 provide the Los Angeles metro area with electricity generated from fossil fuel power plants in the [[Four Corners]] region, and [[hydroelectric dam]]s along the [[Colorado River]].

==Natural hazards==
During October and November 2003, a number of [[wildfires]] devastated the hills and mountainsides near and around the pass, forcing the closure of Interstate 15. The following winter, rains in addition to burnt vegetation caused a number of [[landslide]]s to further close the freeway pass.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}

On July 17, 2015, during severe drought conditions plaguing the whole state and creating extreme fire hazards, [[2015 Cajon Pass wildfire|a fast, wind-whipped wildfire]] swept over [[Interstate 15 (California)|Interstate 15]] between [[California State Route 138]] and the Oak Hill Road exits, sending drivers running for safety and setting 20 vehicles ablaze, officials said.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/california/ci_28501416/report-california-wildfire-sweeps-across-i-15-destroys|title = Motorists flee as wildfire races across California freeway|date = 17 July 2015}}</ref> The vegetation fire, which closed the I-15 southbound lanes and restricted the northbound side to one lane, overtook stalled cars.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ktla.com/2015/07/17/15-freeway-shut-down-in-cajon-pass-due-to-30-acre-north-fire/|title = 3,500-Acre North Fire in Cajon Pass Burns Homes and Vehicles, Shuts Down 15 Freeway|date = 17 July 2015}}</ref>

The following year the [[Blue Cut Fire]] again forced the closure of the freeway for several days starting on August 16, 2016. The fire closed the I-15 north and southbound lanes due to the intensity of the fire. It destroyed a number of outbuildings and homes, and destroyed the [[Summit Inn]] Restaurant in Oak Hills. A [[McDonald's]] restaurant was also burned but the damage was minor. The fire threatened homes in Lytle Creek, Phelan, Oak Hills and Wrightwood and burned {{cvt|37,000|acre|ha}}

Cajon Pass is notorious for high winds, particularly during [[Santa Ana winds|Santa Ana wind]] season, with gusts of wind up to {{convert|60|mph|km/h}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pe.com/2018/10/18/fire-weather-watch-returning-for-riverside-and-san-bernardino-counties/|title=Red flag warning is returning for Riverside and San Bernardino counties|date=2018-10-18|work=Press Enterprise|access-date=2018-12-02|language=en-US}}</ref> It has been known to cause high-profile vehicles such as [[Semi-trailer truck|semi-trucks]] to lose control or tip over.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vvdailypress.com/article/20111222/NEWS/312229998|title=Gusty Santa Ana winds hit region|agency=Associated Press|date=2011-12-22|work=vvdailypress.com|access-date=2018-12-02|language=en}}</ref> During wind advisories, [[California Department of Transportation|Caltrans]] will use its [[Variable-message sign|Changeable message signs]] to warn motorists of dangerous weather in the Cajon Pass.

Cajon Pass gets snow occasionally, usually not enough to cause closures.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20180227/winter-storm-causing-headaches-for-motorists-in-cajon-pass-and-surrounding-areas-tuesday-morning|title=Winter storm causing headaches for motorists in Cajon Pass and surrounding areas Tuesday morning|author=Staff Reports|date=2018-02-27|work=vvdailypress.com|access-date=2018-12-02|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vvdailypress.com/news/20170123/winter-wallop-storm-pounds-high-desert-with-rain-snow|title=Winter wallop: Storm pounds High Desert with rain, snow|last=Quintero|first=Jose|date=2017-01-23|work=vvdailypress.com|access-date=2018-12-02|language=en}}</ref> When any closure is total, [[California Highway Patrol]]s often provide escorts through the pass as the [[Interstate 15]] is a major artery for the High Desert region.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/news/2009/12/07/winter-weather-causes-havoc-on/37057320007/|title=Winter weather causes havoc on roadways|last=Valenzuela|first=Beatriz E.|date=2009-12-07|work=vvdailypress.com|access-date=2022-06-09|language=en}}</ref>

When there is high wind or snow in the Cajon Pass, it is fairly common for weather forecasters or reporters from Los Angeles television stations to do [[Filming location|location]] reports from the Cajon Pass.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}

The [[San Andreas Fault]] passes through the Cajon Pass (crossing I-15 on the south side of the summit) and is responsible for the unique local geography.<ref name="Wallace">{{cite book|last=Wallace|first=Robert, E.|title=The San Andreas Fault System, California|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|year=1990|edition=1|series=U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper|volume=1515|pages=16|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1990/1515/pp1515.pdf}}</ref> Instrumentation installed at Cajon Pass allows scientists to track earthquakes in the region.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Abercrombie|first1=Rachel E.|author-link1=Rachel Abercrombie|last2=Rice|first2=James R.|date=2005|title=Can observations of earthquake scaling constrain slip weakening?|journal=Geophysical Journal International|volume=162|issue=2|pages=406–424|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246x.2005.02579.x|bibcode=2005GeoJI.162..406A|issn=0956-540X|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Abercrombie|first=Rachel E.|author-link=Rachel Abercrombie|date=1995|title=Earthquake source scaling relationships from −1 to 5 ML using seismograms recorded at 2.5-km depth|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/95JB02397|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|language=en|volume=100|issue=B12|pages=24015–24036|doi=10.1029/95JB02397|bibcode=1995JGR...10024015A|issn=2156-2202|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Tejon Pass]]
*[[Henry Wade Exit Route]] a 49er
*[[Santa Fe And Salt Lake Trail Monument]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Cajon Pass}}
*[http://www.rd-rail.fr/1-PHOTOS/PH18/index-ph18.html A photographic report of Tehachapi and Cajon Pass (May, 2012)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134720/http://www.rd-rail.fr/1-PHOTOS/PH18/index-ph18.html |date=2018-01-25 }}
*{{GNIS|270155}}
*{{HAER |survey=CA-2259 |id=ca3516 |title=Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, Cajon Subdivision, Devore, San Bernardino County, CA |photos=8 |data=14 |cap=2}}
**{{HAER |survey=CA-2259-D |id=ca3520 |title=Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, Cajon Subdivision, Tunnel No. 1 |photos=4 |data=3 |cap=1|link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=CA-2259-E |id=ca3521 |title=Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, Cajon Subdivision, Tunnel No. 2 |photos=6 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mountain passes of California]]
[[Category:Interstate 15]]
[[Category:San Bernardino, California]]
[[Category:Landforms of San Bernardino County, California]]
[[Category:Rail mountain passes of the United States]]
[[Category:Geology of San Bernardino County, California]]
[[Category:Inland Empire]]
[[Category:Mojave Desert]]
[[Category:San Bernardino Mountains]]
[[Category:San Gabriel Mountains]]
[[Category:Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]]
[[Category:Southern Pacific Railroad]]
[[Category:U.S. Route 66 in California]]