Editing Calidris

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image         = Semipalmated sandpiper at JBWR (30545).jpg
| image_caption = [[Semipalmated sandpiper]] (''Calidris pusilla''), [[Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]
| taxon         = Calidris
| authority     = [[Blasius Merrem|Merrem]], 1804
| type_species = ''[[Red knot|Tringa calidris]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=59 |title= Scolopacidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-26}}</ref> = ''Tringa canutus''
| type_species_authority = Gmelin, 1789
| synonyms = 
*''Philomachus'' <small>Merrem, 1804</small>
*''Limicola'' <small>Koch, 1816</small>
*''Canutus'' <small>Brehm, 1831</small>
*''Micropalama'' <small>Baird, 1858</small>
}}

'''''Calidris''''' is a genus of [[Arctic]]-breeding, strongly [[bird migration|migratory]] [[wader|wading]] birds in the family [[Scolopacidae]]. These birds form huge mixed flocks on coasts and estuaries in winter. Migratory shorebirds are shown to have decline in reproductive traits because of temporal changes of their breeding seasons.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Weiser |first1=Emily L. |last2=Brown |first2=Stephen C. |last3=Lanctot |first3=Richard B. |last4=Gates |first4=H. River |last5=Abraham |first5=Kenneth F. |last6=Bentzen |first6=Rebecca L. |last7=Bêty |first7=Joël |last8=Boldenow |first8=Megan L. |last9=Brook |first9=Rodney W. |last10=Donnelly |first10=Tyrone F. |last11=English |first11=Willow B. |last12=Flemming |first12=Scott A. |last13=Franks |first13=Samantha E. |last14=Gilchrist |first14=H. Grant |last15=Giroux |first15=Marie-Andrée |date=February 2018 |title=Life-history tradeoffs revealed by seasonal declines in reproductive traits of Arctic-breeding shorebirds |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jav.01531 |journal=Journal of Avian Biology |language=en |volume=49 |issue=2 |page=1 |doi=10.1111/jav.01531 |bibcode=2018JAvBi..49....1W |issn=0908-8857|url-access=subscription }}</ref> They are the typical "[[sandpiper]]s", small to medium-sized, long-winged and relatively short-billed.

Their [[Beak|bills]] have sensitive tips which contain numerous [[corpuscles of Herbst]]. This enables the birds to locate buried prey items, which they typically seek with restless running and probing.<ref name=Nebel>{{cite journal|author1=Nebel, S.|author2=Jackson, D.L.|author3=Elner, R.W.|title=Functional association of bill morphology and foraging behaviour in calidrid sandpipers|doi=10.1163/1570756054472818|url=http://publish.uwo.ca/~snebel2/nebel05AnimBiol.pdf|year=2005|journal=Animal Biology|volume=55|issue=3|pages=235–243|access-date=2016-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610081512/http://publish.uwo.ca/~snebel2/nebel05AnimBiol.pdf|archive-date=2011-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Calidris'' was introduced in 1804 by the German naturalist [[Blasius Merrem]] with the [[red knot]] as the [[type species]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Merrem | first=Blasius | author-link=Blasius Merrem | date=8 June 1804 | title=Naturgeschichte | language=German | journal=Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung | volume=168 | at=Col. 542 | url=https://api.digitale-sammlungen.de/iiif/presentation/v2/bsb10502034/canvas/453/view }} Published anonymously.</ref><ref>{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1934 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=2 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts  | page=280 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483093 }}</ref>  The genus name is from [[Ancient Greek]] ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by [[Aristotle]] for some grey-coloured waterside birds.<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher=Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=[https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n84 84]}}</ref>

The genus contain 24 species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2019 | title=Sandpipers, snipes, coursers | work=World Bird List Version 9.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/sandpipers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=26 June 2019 }}</ref>

* [[Great knot]], ''Calidris tenuirostris''
* [[Red knot]], ''Calidris canutus''
* [[Surfbird]], ''Calidris virgata''
* [[Ruff (bird)|Ruff]], ''Calidris pugnax''
* [[Broad-billed sandpiper]], ''Calidris falcinellus''
* [[Sharp-tailed sandpiper]], ''Calidris acuminata''
* [[Stilt sandpiper]], ''Calidris himantopus''
* [[Curlew sandpiper]], ''Calidris ferruginea''
* [[Temminck's stint]], ''Calidris temminckii''
* [[Long-toed stint]], ''Calidris subminuta''
* [[Spoon-billed sandpiper]], ''Calidris pygmaea''
* [[Red-necked stint]], ''Calidris ruficollis''
* [[Sanderling]], ''Calidris alba''
* [[Dunlin]], ''Calidris alpina''
* [[Rock sandpiper]], ''Calidris ptilocnemis''
* [[Purple sandpiper]], ''Calidris maritima''
* [[Baird's sandpiper]], ''Calidris bairdii''
* [[Little stint]], ''Calidris minuta''
* [[Least sandpiper]], ''Calidris minutilla''
* [[White-rumped sandpiper]], ''Calidris fuscicollis''
* [[Buff-breasted sandpiper]], ''Calidris subruficollis''
* [[Pectoral sandpiper]], ''Calidris melanotos''
* [[Semipalmated sandpiper]], ''Calidris pusilla''
* [[Western sandpiper]], ''Calidris mauri''

==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Scolopacidae|1}}
{{Charadriiformes|S.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q30838}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Calidris| ]]
[[Category:Sandpipers]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]