Editing Callaeidae

{{Short description|Family of birds}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2024}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = New Zealand wattlebirds
| image = Huia Buller.jpg
| image_caption = [[Huia]] (''Heteralocha acutirostris'')
| taxon = Callaeidae
| authority = [[Carl Jakob Sundevall|Sundevall]], 1836
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = 
''[[Kōkako|Callaeas]]''<br />
''[[Tieke|Philesturnus]]''<br />
''[[Huia|Heteralocha]]''
}}

'''Callaeidae''' (sometimes '''Callaeatidae''') is a family of [[passerine]] [[bird]]s [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[New Zealand]]. It contains three genera, with five species in the family.  One species, the [[huia]], became extinct early in the 20th century, while the [[South Island kōkako]] is critically endangered and may be extinct.

Although sometimes known as ''wattled crows'', they are not [[corvid]]s and are only distantly related to crows - ''New Zealand wattlebirds'' is the informal name for this family used by the scientific community.<ref name="HANZAB">Higgins, P.J. & J.M. Peter (eds) 2002. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. {{ISBN|0-19-553762-9}}</ref>

==Biology and evolution==
They are ground-dwelling songbirds, 26–38&nbsp;cm in length. They inhabit dense forests, where they feed on insects. They have strong legs and featherless [[wattle (anatomy)|wattle]]s behind the bill. Their wings are rounded and unusually weak, giving them very limited powers of flight. They are [[Monogamy in animals|monogamous]] and maintain permanent territories.<ref name=EoB>{{cite book |editor=Forshaw, Joseph|author= Lindsey, Terence|year=1991|title=Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds|publisher= Merehurst Press|location=London|pages= 225|isbn= 1-85391-186-0}}</ref>

These birds seem to be remnants of an early expansion of [[passerines]] to New Zealand. Their only close relative is the [[stitchbird]].<ref name="Ewen ''et al.''">{{cite journal | last1 = Ewen | first1 = John G. | last2 = Flux | first2 = Ian | last3 = Ericson | first3 = Per G. P. | year = 2006 | title = Systematic affinities of two enigmatic New Zealand passerines of high conservation priority, the hihi or stitchbird ''Notiomystis cincta'' and the kokako ''Callaeas cinerea'' | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 40 | issue = 1| pages = 281–284 | doi = 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.026 | pmid=16527495|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

The phylogenetic relationships between the species shown below is based on a study published in 2022. The [[South Island saddleback]] (''Philesturnus carunculatus'') was not sampled.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Gibb | first1=Gillian C. | last2=Shepherd | first2=Lara D. | date=2022 | title=Recent evolution of extreme sexual dimorphism in the huia (''Heteralocha acutirostris''; Callaeidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=175 | pages=107575 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107575}}</ref>

{{clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%
|1={{Clade
   |label1='''[[Notiomystidae]]'''
   |1=''Notiomystis cincta'' – [[stitchbird]]
   |label2='''Callaeidae'''
   |2={{clade
      |label1=''[[Callaeas]]''
      |1={{clade
         |1=''Callaeas wilsoni'' – [[North Island kōkako]] 
         |2=''Callaeas cinereus'' – [[South Island kōkako]] (possibly extinct)
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |label1=''[[Philesturnus]]''
         |1=''Philesturnus rufusater'' – [[North Island saddleback]]
         |label2=''Heteralocha''
         |2=''Heteralocha acutirostris'' – [[Huia]] (extinct)
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}

==Species==
* Genus ''[[Callaeas]]''
**[[North Island kōkako]], ''Callaeas wilsoni''
**[[South Island kōkako]], ''Callaeas cinereus'' (possibly extinct)
* Genus ''[[Philesturnus]]''
**[[North Island saddleback]], ''Philesturnus rufusater''
**[[South Island saddleback]], ''Philesturnus carunculatus''
* Genus ''[[Heteralocha]]''
**[[Huia]], ''Heteralocha acutirostris'' (extinct)

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Heteralocha acutirostris.jpg|[[Huia]], ''Heteralocha acutirostris'' (extinct)
File:Kokako.jpg|[[North Island kōkako]], ''Callaeas wilsoni'' 
File:Saddleback.(Philesturnus carunculatus) (9074225530).jpg|[[South Island saddleback]]<br>''Philesturnus carunculatus''
North Island saddleback (Philesturnus rufusater) head Tiritiri Matangi.jpg|[[North Island saddleback]]<br>''Philesturnus rufusater''
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Callaeidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q835712}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Callaeidae| ]]
[[Category:Bird families]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Passeri]]