Editing Campinas

{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Campinas
| settlement_type    = [[Municipalities of Brazil|Municipality]]
| official_name      = Municipality of Campinas
| nicknames          = ''Cidade das Andorinhas'', ''[[Brazilian Silicon Valley]]'', ''Princesa d'Oeste''
| motto              = ''Labore Virtute Civitas Floret'' <small>([[Latin language|Latin]])</small><br />At work and virtue, the city flourishes
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
 | perrow         = 1/2/2/2
 | border         = infobox
 | total_width    = 280
 | image1 = 250717_Fotos_Centro_de_Campinas_foto_Carlos_Bassan_004_(36029962481).jpg
 | image2 = Catedral_Metropolitana_de_Campinas_restaurada.jpg
 | image3 = Estação_Ferroviária_Campinas_SP.jpg
 | image4 = Teatro_Castro_Mendes_(1).jpg
 | image5 = Torre_do_Castelo_-_Campinas.JPG
 | image6 = Monumento_das_Andorrinhas_e_o_Predio_da_Prefeitura_-_panoramio.jpg
 | image7 = Mercado_Municipal_de_Campinas_1.tif
 | color  = white
 | footer = From top left to right: city center panorama; [[Our Lady of the Conception Cathedral, Campinas|Metropolitan Cathedral of Campinas]]; Culture Station; Castro Mendes Theater; Castle Tower; Jequitibás Palace; and Prefecture Ex Municipal Market.
}}
| image_flag         = Flag_of_Campinas.svg
| image_seal         = Brasão da Cidade de Campinas.png
| image_map          = SaoPaulo Municip Campinas.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location of Campinas
| pushpin_map        = Brazil
| pushpin_map_size   = 250
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Brazil
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[States of Brazil|State]]
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Brazil}}
| subdivision_name1  = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]]
| subdivision_type3  = Metropolitan Region
| subdivision_name3  = [[Metropolitan Region of Campinas|Campinas]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Dário Saadi (Republicanos)
| leader_title1      =
| leader_name1       =
| leader_title2      =
| leader_name2       =
| leader_title3      =
| leader_name3       =
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = {{end date and age|1774|7|14|df=y}}
| established_title2 =
| established_date2  =
| established_title3 =
| established_date3  =
| area_magnitude     =
| area_total_km2     = 795.667
| area_total_sq_mi   =
| area_land_km2      =
| area_land_sq_mi    =
| area_water_km2     =
| area_water_sq_mi   =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2     =
| area_urban_sq_mi   =
| area_metro_km2     = 3645
| area_metro_sq_mi   =
| population_as_of   = 2022 <ref>[https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/campinas/panorama IBGE 2022]</ref>
| population_note    =
| population_total   = 1,139,047 ([[List of largest cities in Brazil|14th]])
| population_density_km2 = 1,433
| population_density_sq_mi = 553.49
| population_metro   = 3,656,363
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_metro_km2 = 1003
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_urban   = <!-- GDP --------------->
| demographics_type1 = [[GDP|GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)]]
| demographics1_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Year
| demographics1_info1 = 2023
| demographics1_title2 = Total
| demographics1_info2 = $66.1&nbsp;billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_bra.pdf|publisher=Tellusant|title=TelluBase—Brazil Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)| access-date = 2024-01-11}}</ref>
| demographics1_title3 = Per capita
| demographics1_info3 = $29,300
| timezone           = [[UTC-03|Brasilia Official Time]]
| utc_offset         = -3
| timezone_DST       =
| utc_offset_DST     =
| coordinates        = {{coord|22|54|21|S|47|03|39|W|region:BR|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 555-780
| elevation_ft       = 1821–2559
| area_code          = +55 19
| postal_code_type   = Postal Code
| postal_code        = 13000-000
| blank_name         = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2010)
| blank_info         = 0.805  – <span style="color:#090">very high</span><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranking IDHM 2010 |url=http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708233352/http://www.pnud.org.br/arquivos/ranking-idhm-2010.pdf |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |access-date=August 1, 2013 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP)
}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br}}
}}
'''Campinas''' ({{IPA|pt|kɐ̃ˈpinɐs}}, ''Plains'' or ''Meadows''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://campinasss.blogspot.com/2013/07/etymology.html|title=Campinas: Etymology|last=Noicols|date=12 July 2013|website=campinasss.blogspot.com|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402163308/http://campinasss.blogspot.com/2013/07/etymology.html|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>) is a Brazilian [[Municipalities of Brazil|municipality]] in [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo State]], part of the country's [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast Region]]. According to the 2020 estimate, the city's population is 1,139,047, making it the [[List of cities in Brazil by population|fourteenth most populous Brazilian city]] and the [[São Paulo (state)|third most populous municipality in São Paulo state]], the fifth most populous municipality in Southeast Brazil, and the largest city in Brazil outside the metro region of a state capital. The city's [[metropolitan area]], [[Metropolitan Region of Campinas]], contains twenty municipalities with a total population of 3,656,363 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agemcamp.sp.gov.br/rmc/|title=RMC - Agemcamp|website=sp.gov.br|access-date=2015-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930171441/http://www.agemcamp.sp.gov.br/rmc/|archive-date=2015-09-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Campinas means ''grass fields'' in Portuguese and refers to its characteristic landscape, which originally comprised large stretches of dense subtropical forests (mato grosso or thick woods in Portuguese), mainly along the many rivers, interspersed with gently rolling hills covered by low-lying vegetation.<ref>''ibidem'' http://campinasss.blogspot.com.br/2013/07/etymology.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718075143/http://campinasss.blogspot.com.br/2013/07/etymology.html |date=2014-07-18 }}</ref>

Campinas' official crest and flag has a picture of the mythical bird, the [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]], because it was practically reborn after a devastating [[epidemic]] of [[yellow fever]] in the 1800s, which killed more than 25% of the city's inhabitants.

==History==
[[File:Vista_Parcial_de_Campinas_em_1878.jpg|thumb|left|Campinas in 1878 during the [[Empire of Brazil]].]]
[[File:Mapa de Campinas de 1929.jpg|left|thumb|Maps of railways in Campinas in 1929]]

The city was founded on July 14, 1774, by Barreto Leme.<ref name="foundation">{{cite web | title=Campinas faz 233 anos hoje | url=http://www.cpopular.com.br/mostra_noticia.asp?noticia=1520595&area=2140&authent=8999D8D6264332BCDBED94130107FE | access-date=2009-01-06 | date=2007-07-14 | publisher=[[Correio Popular]] | language=pt }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was initially a simple outpost on the way to [[Minas Gerais]] and [[Goiás]] serving the "[[Bandeirantes]]" who were in search of precious minerals and [[Indigenous people of Brazil|Indian]] [[slavery|slaves]]. In the first half of the 19th century, Campinas became a growing population center, with many [[coffee]], [[cotton]] and [[sugarcane]] [[farm]]s.

The construction of a [[railway]] linking the city of [[São Paulo]] to [[Santos (São Paulo)|Santos]]' seaport, in 1867, was very important for its growth. In the second half of the 19th century, with the abolition of [[Slavery in Brazil|slavery]], farming and [[industrialization]] attracted many foreign [[immigration|immigrants]] to replace the lost manpower, mainly from Italy.<ref>http://www.internations.org/campinas-expats/italians {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106014516/http://www.internations.org/campinas-expats/italians |date=2014-01-06 }} Italians in Campinas</ref>

Coffee became an important export and the city became wealthy. In consequence, a large service sector was established to serve the growing population, and in the first decades of the 20th century, Campinas could already boast of an [[opera house]], theaters, banks, movie theaters, radio stations, a [[orchestra|philharmonic]] orchestra, two newspapers (''[[Correio Popular]]'' and ''[[Diário do Povo (Campinas)|Diário do Povo]]''), a good public education system (with the Escola Normal de Campinas and the [[Colégio Culto à Ciência]]), and hospitals, such as the Santa Casa de Misericórdia (a [[Charitable organization|charity]] for poor people).

And the Casa de Saúde de Campinas (for the Italian community, formerly known as ''Circolo Italiani Uniti''), and the most important Brazilian research center in agricultural sciences, the [[Instituto Agronômico de Campinas]], which was founded by Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]]. Finally, the construction of the first Brazilian highway in 1938, between Campinas and São Paulo, the [[Anhanguera Highway]], was a turning point in the integration of Campinas into the rest of the state.

Campinas was the birthplace of opera composer [[Antônio Carlos Gomes|Carlos Gomes]]<ref>http://www.gounin.net/ACGUS/acgbious.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412220138/http://www.gounin.net/ACGUS/acgbious.htm |date=2013-04-12 }} Carlos Gomes Biography</ref> (1836&nbsp;— 1896) and of the President of the Republic [[Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles|Campos Salles]] (1841&nbsp;— 1913).<ref>http://www.ayrtonmarcondes.com.br/blog/?page_id=307 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706151315/http://www.ayrtonmarcondes.com.br/blog/?page_id=307 |date=2011-07-06 }} Campos Salles</ref> It was home for 49 years to [[Hércules Florence]], reputed as one of the early inventors of [[photography]], [[photocopying]] and the [[mimeograph]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://latin.discovery.com/features/000914langsdorff/langsdorffhome.html |title=Discovery Español - Expedición Langsdorff |access-date=2005-04-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407133131/http://latin.discovery.com/features/000914langsdorff/langsdorffhome.html |archive-date=2005-04-07 }} Hercules Florence</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Campinas SP - panoramio (13).jpg|thumb|right|View of Campinas at dusk.]]

The area of the city, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, is {{convert|795.697|km2|sqmi|3|abbr=off}}; {{convert|238.3230|km2|sqmi|3|abbr=off}} of this is the urban area and {{convert|557.334|km2|sqmi|3|abbr=off}} remaining constitute greater Campinas. It is located at 22°54′21″S, 47°03′39″W and is at a distance of {{convert|96|km|mi|abbr=off}} northwest of São Paulo. Its neighboring cities are Paulínia, Jaguariúna and Pedreira, north; Morungaba, Itatiba and Valinhos in the east; Itupeva, Indaiatuba and Monte Mor, south, and Hortolândia in the west.

===Ecology===
Most of the original vegetation of the city was largely eliminated. Like 13 other municipalities in the metropolitan region of Campinas, the city is subject to some [[environmental stress]], and Campinas is considered one of the areas liable to [[flooding]] and [[silting]]; it now has less than 5% of [[vegetation]] cover in total area.<ref name="dolsenz.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dolsenz.com/campinas/ |title=Vegetation - Campinas |language=en |access-date=2014-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111161323/http://www.dolsenz.com/campinas/ |archive-date=2014-11-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Trying to reverse this situation, several projects have been and are being conducted and planned, such as building corridors, and the regulation of the Management Plan of Environmental Preservation Area (APA) in Campinas. There are also several environmental projects to combat the destruction of [[riparian forest]]s located along the banks of the [[Atibaia river]], which has a high level of [[pollution]]. Today, Campinas houses the [[Area of relevant ecological interest (Brazil)|area of relevant ecological interest]] (ARIE) [[Mata de Santa Genebra]], {{convert|251|acre|km2}}, established in 1985 by the city of Campinas' [[Fundação José Pedro de Oliveira]] and regulated by the Brazilian Environment and Renewable Natural Resources Institute ([[IBAMA]]). This is the now second-largest [[urban forest]] of Brazil, behind only the [[Tijuca Forest]], in [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref name="dolsenz.com"/>

The city also has smaller urban [[forest]] [[wikt:Special:Search/groves|groves]] and [[reserve park]]s, such as the Bosque dos [[Jequitiba]]s (installed in [[1881]]), the Bosque dos Italianos (transl. Italian's Grove), the Bosque dos Alemães (transl. German's Grove), Guarantã's Park, as well as the larger Parque Portugal (Taquaral Lagoon, transl. Park and Lagoon of Bamboos), "Dom Bosco" Ecological Park and Monsenhor "Emílio José Salim" Ecological Park.<ref name="dolsenz.com"/>

===Climate===
[[File:Lightning in Campinas (see more photos on comments) (2167011677).jpg|thumb|right|View of Campinas during a [[storm]].]]
The city has a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'' in Köppen scheme). It was [[Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] (''Cwa'' type in the [[Köppen classification]]) before the current climatic table (1981-2010 period).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=E. Beck |first1=Hylke |last2=E. Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus |last3=R. McVicar |first3=Tim |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=F. Wood |first6=Eric |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |date=2018 |volume=5 |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |pmid=30375988 |pmc=6207062 |bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Köppen Climate Classification System|url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/koppen-climate-classification-system/|website=Köppen Climate Classification System|publisher=National Geographic Education|language=en|access-date=16 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kottek|first1=Markus|last2=Grieser|first2=Jürgen|last3=Beck|first3=Christoph|last4=Rudolf|first4=Bruno|last5=Rubel|first5=Franz|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|date=2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf|access-date=16 July 2023|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224195637/https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/40083/file/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Winters are generally dry and mild (rarely too cold), and summers rainy with warm to hot temperatures. The warmest month is February, with an average temperature of 24&nbsp;°C, an average maximum of 29.1&nbsp;°C and average minimum of 19.0&nbsp;°C. The coldest month, July, sees respective temperatures of 17.8&nbsp;°C, and 24.2&nbsp;°C and 11.4&nbsp;°C average maximum and minimum. Fall and spring are transitional seasons.

The average annual rainfall is 1424.5&nbsp;mm and the driest month in August, when there is only 22.9&nbsp;mm. In January, the rainiest month, the average is 280.3&nbsp;mm. In recent years, however, the hot, dry days during the winter have been increasingly frequent, often surpassing 30&nbsp;°C, especially between July and September. In August 2010, for example, the rainfall in Campinas was only 0&nbsp;mm. During the dry season and long dry spells in the middle of the rainy season are also common records of fires in the hills and thickets, especially in rural areas of the city, which contributes to deforestation and the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, further worsening air quality.
The lowest temperature recorded in the city was −1.5&nbsp;°C on June 25, 1918. The highest temperature was 39.0&nbsp;°C, observed on 17 November 1985. The highest cumulative rainfall recorded in 24 hours in the city between June 1988 and October 2008 was 143.4&nbsp;mm in 25 days May 2005. Between 1890 and 2004 there were 41 occurrences of frost in Campinas. The most recent was on July 18, 2000, when the minimum temperature reached 2.2&nbsp;°C. There are also occasional episodes of strong winds, with gusts exceeding 100&nbsp;km / h, and training records were made in the city day May 4, 2001 and March 9, 2008.

The wet season is from mid-October to mid-April, with heavier rains particularly in December, January, February and early March, and the dry season is from mid-May to mid-September. Average [[rainfall]] is 24.3&nbsp;mm in August and 267.8&nbsp;mm in January. Average [[humidity]] ranges from 37% (August) to 56% (January).

In the region around Campinas near the state of [[Minas Gerais]] there are a number of cities which enjoy an even milder mountain climate, such as [[Serra Negra]], [[Socorro, São Paulo|Socorro]], [[Lindóia]] and [[Águas de Lindoia]], where several water [[destination spa|spa]]s are located.

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Campinas, elevation {{convert|667|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1993–2020 normals, extremes 1890–2012)
|Jan record high C = 36.1
|Feb record high C = 35.8
|Mar record high C = 34.5
|Apr record high C = 33.6
|May record high C = 32.4
|Jun record high C = 30.0
|Jul record high C = 31.2
|Aug record high C = 35.0
|Sep record high C = 37.8
|Oct record high C = 37.8
|Nov record high C = 37.8
|Dec record high C = 36.8
|year record high C = 37.8
|Jan record low C = 10.1
|Feb record low C = 10.4
|Mar record low C = 10.0
|Apr record low C = 3.8
|May record low C = 0.2
|Jun record low C = -1.5
|Jul record low C = -0.2
|Aug record low C = 0.2
|Sep record low C = 1.8
|Oct record low C = 5.2
|Nov record low C = 8.0
|Dec record low C = 9.5
|year record low C = -1.5
|Jan high C = 29.5
|Feb high C = 29.9
|Mar high C = 29.5
|Apr high C = 28.3
|May high C = 25.3
|Jun high C = 24.7
|Jul high C = 25.1
|Aug high C = 26.9
|Sep high C = 28.3
|Oct high C = 29.3
|Nov high C = 29.1
|Dec high C = 29.7
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 24.6
|Feb mean C = 24.8
|Mar mean C = 24.3
|Apr mean C = 22.8
|May mean C = 19.7
|Jun mean C = 18.8
|Jul mean C = 18.8
|Aug mean C = 20.3
|Sep mean C = 22.0
|Oct mean C = 23.5
|Nov mean C = 23.7
|Dec mean C = 24.5
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = 19.6
|Feb low C = 19.6
|Mar low C = 19.1
|Apr low C = 17.3
|May low C = 14.2
|Jun low C = 12.9
|Jul low C = 12.5
|Aug low C = 13.6
|Sep low C = 15.8
|Oct low C = 17.6
|Nov low C = 18.2
|Dec low C = 19.3
| year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 266.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 188.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 157.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 64.1
|May precipitation mm = 62.3
|Jun precipitation mm = 48.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 33.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 27.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 59.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 103.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 154.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 207.6
|year precipitation mm =
|Jan humidity = 57
|Feb humidity = 54
|Mar humidity = 50
|Apr humidity = 47
|May humidity = 46
|Jun humidity = 43
|Jul humidity = 41
|Aug humidity = 36
|Sep humidity = 43
|Oct humidity = 46
|Nov humidity = 49
|Dec humidity = 54
|year humidity = 47
| source 1 = Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas<ref name=CIIAGRO1>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ciiagro.sp.gov.br/ciiagroonline/Quadros/QTmaxPeriodo.asp
| title = Temperatura Máxima Mensal
| publisher= Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas
| access-date = 7 July 2024}}</ref><ref name=CIIAGRO2>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ciiagro.sp.gov.br/ciiagroonline/Quadros/QTminPeriodo.asp
| title = Temperatura Mínima Mensal
| publisher = Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas
| language = pt
| access-date = 7 July 2024}}</ref><ref name=CIIAGRO3>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ciiagro.sp.gov.br/ciiagroonline/Quadros/QTmedPeriodo.asp
| title = Temperatura Média Mensal
| publisher = Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas
| language = pt
| access-date = 7 July 2024}}</ref><ref name=CIIAGRO4>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ciiagro.sp.gov.br/ciiagroonline/Quadros/QChuvaPeriodo.asp
| title = Chuva Mensal
| publisher = Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas
| language = pt
| access-date = 7 July 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = IAC – Instituto Agronômico de Campinas/CEPAGRI-UNICAMP (extremes and humidity)
|date=December 2010
}}

==Demographics==
[[File:Ipês lilás na coronel quirino cambuí 002.jpg|thumb|right|Coronel Quirino Street in the upper-class residential area of the Cambuí.]]
[[File:Cambuí, Campinas-Built.jpg|thumb|Luxury condos at Cambuí, a wealthy neighbourhood of Campinas.]]
[[File:Templo_SUD_de_Campinas.jpg|thumb|right|[[Campinas Brazil Temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] located in the city.]]
{{Historical populations|25=1970|26=375864|27=1980|28=664566|29=1991|30=847595|31=2000|32=969396|33=2010|34=1080113|35=2022|36=1139047|footnote=Source:<ref name="census2022">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=2022 Census Overview|lang=pt}}</ref>}}According to the [[2022 Brazilian census|2022 Census]], as of August 2022, Campinas had a population of 1,139,047 and a population density of 1.433,54 (inhabitants / km ²). Infant mortality levels were at up to 1 year (per thousand): 14.05 and life expectancy in the city was 72.22 years. The fertility rate was at 1.78 children per woman. 96.01 of the populace could read.
* Human Development Index (HDI-M): 0.852 (high)
* HDI-M Income: 0.845 (high)
* HDI-M Longevity: 0.787
* HDI-M Education: 0.925 (very high)

(Source: DATA)

===Ethnicity===
Source: 2022 census:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=Panorama do Censo 2022|website=Panorama do Censo 2022}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Color / Race!! align="right" | Percentage
|-
| [[White people|White]] || align="right" | 59.5%
|-
| ''[[Pardo]]''|| align="right" | 30.1%
|-
| [[Black people|Black]]|| align="right" | 9.2%
|-
| [[Asian people|Asian]] || align="right" | 1.0%
|-
| [[Indigenous people|Indigenous]] || align="right" | 0.1%
|}

===Composition===
Source: 2022 Census
Population (IBGE): 1,139,047
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Population!! align="right" | % / inhabitants
|-
| [[Urban area]] || align="right" | 98,28% / 1,062,453
|-
| [[Rural area]] || align="right" | 1,72% / 18,546
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Sex]] !! align="right" | % / inhabitants
|-
| Male || align="right" | 48,22% / 521,209
|-
| Female || align="right" | 51,78% / 559,790
|}

===Metropolitan region===
[[File:Microregion-campinas.jpg|thumb|right|Administrative micro-region of Campinas. The outlying municipality names in red are also part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas.]]
[[File:SaoPaulo Municip Campinas.png|thumb|right|Metropolitan Region of Campinas.]]
{{As of|2010}}, Campinas became an official metropolitan region (RMC&nbsp;— Região Metropolitana de Campinas), with 19 municipalities, with a total of 2.8 million inhabitants and a total land area of {{convert|3,348|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=off}} (data {{As of|2010|lc=y}}), adjacent to the [[São Paulo]] metropolitan region (RMSP) and [[São José dos Campos]] (RMVale). The Campinas Metropolitan area also comprehends a gross domestic product (GDP) of R$70.7 billion (around U$42 billion).
{{Div col}}
* [[Americana, São Paulo|Americana]]
* [[Artur Nogueira]]
* [[Cosmópolis]]
* [[Engenheiro Coelho]]
* [[Holambra]]
* [[Hortolândia]]
* [[Indaiatuba]]
* [[Itatiba]]
* [[Jaguariúna]]
* [[Monte Mor]]
* [[Nova Odessa]]
* [[Paulínia]]
* [[Pedreira, São Paulo|Pedreira]]
* [[Santa Bárbara d'Oeste]]
* [[Santo Antônio de Posse]]
* [[Sumaré]]
* [[Valinhos]]
* [[Vinhedo]]
{{Div col end}}

The Campinas municipality is also the administrative center of the micro- and meso-regions of the same name. The micro-region includes the RMC (Metropolitan Region of Campinas) and the municipality of [[Elias Fausto]]; the meso-region also includes the following municipalities: [[Aguaí]], [[Amparo, São Paulo|Amparo]], [[Águas da Prata]], [[Águas de Lindóia]], [[Caconde]], [[Casa Branca, São Paulo|Casa Branca]], [[Divinolândia]], [[Espírito Santo do Pinhal]], [[Estiva Gerbi]], [[Itapira]], [[Itobi]], [[Lindóia]], [[Mococa]], [[Mogi Guaçu]], [[Moji-Mirim]], [[Monte Alegre do Sul]], [[Pedra Bela]], [[Pinhalzinho, São Paulo|Pinhalzinho]], [[Pirassununga]], [[Porto Ferreira]], [[Santa Cruz das Palmeiras]], [[Santo Antônio do Jardim]], [[São João da Boa Vista]], [[São José do Rio Pardo]], [[São Sebastião da Grama]], [[Serra Negra]], [[Socorro, São Paulo|Socorro]], [[Tambaú]], [[Tapiratiba]], [[Vargem Grande do Sul]] and [[Vinhedo]].

Other cities which are geographically, historically or economically tied to the meso-region of Campinas could be mentioned: [[Araras]], [[Atibaia]], [[Bragança Paulista]], [[Capivari]], [[Conchal]], [[Iracemápolis]], [[Itu, Brazil|Itu]], [[Itupeva]], [[Jarinu]], [[Jundiai]], [[Limeira]], [[Louveira]], [[Mombuca]], [[Morungaba]], [[Piracicaba]], [[Rafard]], Rio das Pedras, [[Salto, São Paulo|Salto]] and [[Tuiuti, São Paulo|Tuiuti]].

{{wide image|Panorâmica - Campinas - SP.jpg|1000px|Campinas city view}}

==Economy==
{{See also|List of companies in Campinas}}
[[File:Parque Dom Pedro Shopping (3).jpg|thumb|left|Parque Dom Pedro is the largest mall in Latin America.]]
[[File:Palma plaza - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Royal Palm Convention Center and Resort.]]
[[File:Viracopos-Campinas International Airport 2017 003.jpg|thumb|left|Cargo Terminal of [[Viracopos International Airport]].]]
Campinas is the richest city in the metropolitan region of Campinas and the 10th richest city in Brazil, showing a gross domestic product (GDP) of 36.68 billion [[Brazilian Real|reais]] (2010), which represents almost 1% (0.998%) of all Brazilian GDP. Currently, the city concentrates 10% of industrial production of [[Brazil]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comvest.unicamp.br/sobre_unicamp/campinas.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140920232042/http://www.comvest.unicamp.br/sobre_unicamp/campinas.html|url-status=dead|title=Comissão Permanente para os Vestibulares - Unicamp|date=20 September 2014|archive-date=20 September 2014|website=archive.is}}</ref> The paper highlights the high-tech industries and metallurgical park, considered the capital of Silicon Valley Sterling.

The region hosts 17,677 [[business|industries]], the second largest number in the [[State of São Paulo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://correio.rac.com.br/_conteudo/2013/08/capa/campinas_e_rmc/90509-regiao-e-a-2-no-estado-de-sao-paulo-em-grandes-empresas.html|title=Região é a 2ª no Estado de São Paulo em grandes empresas|first=Daniel Machado|last=Chen Pinghui|website=Correio Popular|access-date=2014-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030111910/http://correio.rac.com.br/_conteudo/2013/08/capa/campinas_e_rmc/90509-regiao-e-a-2-no-estado-de-sao-paulo-em-grandes-empresas.html|archive-date=2014-10-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The petrochemical complex is centered in the Southeastern section, a few miles from Campinas, near the refinery of Petrobras Planalto Paulista (Replan), the largest in Brazil one of the largest in Latin America, and has companies like [[DuPont|Dupont]], [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]], [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell]], [[Exxon]], Group [[Petróleo Ipiranga|Ipiranga]], Eucatex, [[Rhodia (company)|Rhodia]], and others. It is the hub of companies and Blue Trip. The largest companies have a global turnover of more than $80 billion, larger than many Latin American countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://artigos.tol.pro.br/portal/linguagem-en/Campinas|title=Sobre Campinas - Tecnologia On-Line|website=artigos.tol.pro.br|access-date=2014-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102115416/http://artigos.tol.pro.br/portal/linguagem-en/Campinas|archive-date=2015-01-02|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city has several shopping malls, two of the largest being Iguatemi Campinas and Shopping Parque Dom Pedro. Campinas has, within its metropolitan area, the largest cargo airport for import/export, [[Viracopos International Airport]], a significant entity in the international transport of cargo.

Campinas' main economic activities are [[agriculture]] (mainly coffee, [[sugarcane]], and [[cotton]]), industry ([[textiles]], [[motorcycle]]s, cars, [[machinery]], [[agricultural equipment]], food and beverages, [[chemical industry|chemical]] and [[petrochemicals|petrochemical]], [[pharmaceuticals]], [[paper]] and [[cellulose]], [[telecommunications]], [[computers]] and [[electronics]], etc.), [[commerce]] and services.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.businessreel.com/business/campinas-business-sales-franchise/48991/ |title=Economy of Campinas |language=en |access-date=2014-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025045/http://www.businessreel.com/business/campinas-business-sales-franchise/48991/ |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Campinas Metropolitan Region is home to many national and international high-tech industries and IT companies, including [[International Business Machines|IBM]], [[Dell]], [[Motorola]], [[NXP]], [[Lucent]], [[Nortel]], [[Compaq]], [[Celestica]], [[Samsung]], [[Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[3M]], [[Texas Instruments]], [[CI&T]] and [http://www.daitan.com/ Daitan].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geografiassuburbanas.blogspot.com/2007/05/eixo-campinas-horolndia-um-tecnoplo.html|title=IT industries in Campinas|website=geografiassuburbanas.blogspot.com|access-date=2008-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920004155/http://geografiassuburbanas.blogspot.com/2007/05/eixo-campinas-horolndia-um-tecnoplo.html|archive-date=2009-09-20|url-status=live}}</ref>

The airline [[TRIP Linhas Aéreas]] is headquartered in Campinas.<ref>"[http://reservaweb.voetrip.com.br/empresa/regras.asp CONTRATO DE TRANSPORTE AÉREO DE PASSAGEIROS "TRIP"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721125614/http://reservaweb.voetrip.com.br/empresa/regras.asp |date=2010-07-21 }}." [[TRIP Linhas Aéreas]]. Retrieved on July 5, 2010. "TRIP LINHAS AÉREAS, sociedade com sede na Av. Brasil, n.1394, Jardim Giuanabara, no Município de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo..."</ref> The Viracopos airport is also the operational hub of [[Azul Airlines]].
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = 250717_Fotos_Centro_de_Campinas_foto_Carlos_Bassan_004_(36029962481).jpg
| width1            = 225
| caption1          = Downtown Campinas in 2017
| alt1              =
| image2            = Campinas - panoramio (1).jpg
| width2            = 225
| caption2          = View of Campinas
}}

The [[automotive industry]] is also heavily represented: [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Honda]], [[Magneti Marelli]], [[Eaton Corporation]], [[Tenneco]], [[Toyota]] and many others are present.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.investimentos.sp.gov.br/portal.php/oportunidades/privados/industrias/automobilistica |title=Automotive industry in Campinas |access-date=2008-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112044530/http://www.investimentos.sp.gov.br/portal.php/oportunidades/privados/industrias/automobilistica |archive-date=2009-01-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It also has a sizable pharmaceutical industry sector, with companies like Medley Farma, EMS Farma, [[Altana]], [[Merck Sharp and Dohme]], [[Cristália]], [[Valeo]], etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guiamais.com.br/campinas-sp/produtos-farmaceuticos-e-cosmeticos|title=Produtos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos em Campinas, SP|last=GuiaMais|website=www.guiamais.com.br|access-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307053939/https://www.guiamais.com.br/campinas-sp/produtos-farmaceuticos-e-cosmeticos|archive-date=2019-03-07|url-status=live}}</ref>

In addition the region is home to many [[research center]]s and [[university|universities]], such as the [[Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory]], [[Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory]], [[National Laboratory of Science and Technology of Bioethanol]], [[Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory]], [[Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Telecomunicações]] (CPqD), [[CenPRA]], [[Embrapa]], [[Unicamp]], Facamp and [[Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas|Puccamp]]. According to the Times Higher Education 2007 World University Rankings,<ref>[http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144 Times Higher Education 2007 World University Rankings]</ref> the University of Campinas ([[Unicamp]]) is the 177th best university in the world, and the 2nd best in Latin America (after the [[University of São Paulo]] in 176th place).

Campinas also boasts the largest number of high-tech [[business incubator]]s and industrial parks (a total of eight), such as the CIATEC I and II, Softex, TechnoPark, InCamp, Polis, TechTown, Industrial Park of Campinas, and others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ciatec.org.br/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=58|title=Business incubators and industrial parks in Campinas|website=ciatec.org.br|access-date=2008-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202043357/http://ciatec.org.br/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=58|archive-date=2009-02-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The presence of one of the largest [[oil refineries]] in Latin America ({{convert|350824|oilbbl|m3}} of [[Petroleum|crude]] per day), operated by [[Petrobras]] in the neighboring county of [[Paulínia]], has attracted many petrochemical companies to the Campinas area, including [[DuPont]], Rhone-Poulenc, and [[Royal Dutch Shell]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.recap.com.br/ |title=Petroleum in Campinas |access-date=2008-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003233625/http://www.recap.com.br/ |archive-date=2008-10-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Brazilian Pró-Álcool Program was developed in Campinas: a whole industry based on the use of ethanol as a combustible for motor vehicles, going from a new [[sucrose]]-rich [[sugarcane]], to alcohol refineries, a huge distribution system, and, most recently, an [[internal combustion engine]] capable of using either [[gasoline]] or [[ethanol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ethanolbrasil.blogspot.com/2008/04/inovao-unicamp-em-22042008_23.html|title=Ethanol in Campinas|website=ethanolbrasil.blogspot.com|access-date=2008-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708034430/http://ethanolbrasil.blogspot.com/2008/04/inovao-unicamp-em-22042008_23.html|archive-date=2011-07-08|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other examples of Campinas-bred technologies are [[fiber optics]], [[laser]]s for telecommunications and medical applications, [[integrated circuit]]s design and fabrication, [[Earth observation satellite|satellite environmental monitoring]] of natural resources, software for agriculture, digital [[telephone switch]]es, deep-water oil exploration platforms and technologies, biomedical equipment, [[medical software]], [[genetic engineering]] and recombinant [[DNA]] technologies for food production and pharmaceutics, and [[food engineering]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cib.org.br/apresentacao/texto_alda_lerayer.pdf |title=Biotechnology in Campinas |access-date=2008-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011062629/http://www.cib.org.br/apresentacao/texto_alda_lerayer.pdf |archive-date=2008-10-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Because of this, Campinas has been called the [[Brazilian Silicon Valley]].

===Socio-economic conditions===
Despite Campinas' position of wealth and social and economic opportunity vis-a-vis the rest of the country, the average per capita income of little more than US$17,700 per year clearly indicates that there are problems. If re-evaluated in terms of PPP ([[Purchasing Power Parity]]), Campinas' average income looks better (roughly US$12,300 per year).

==Tourism and recreation==
Tourist attractions include:
* the Bosque dos Jequitibás, an urban preserved wooded area reminiscent of the original rain forest that covered the region in the past: it has a small zoo with local [[fauna]] and a natural history museum;
* the cathedral, which was built in the 19th century; its interior is entirely made of [[jacaranda]] wood sculptures and works. It was made using a technique called "taipa de pilão" using clay and rocks&nbsp;– it is one of the largest buildings in the world using this construction technique;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fec.unicamp.br/~arquitetura/pesquisas/ramos/matriz.htm |title=Fundação da Cidade de Campinas |access-date=2009-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071113011805/http://www.fec.unicamp.br/~arquitetura/pesquisas/ramos/matriz.htm |archive-date=2007-11-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* the Central Market, with typical stall stands full of the fresh products of the region;
* the old Central Railway Station, now converted to a cultural center;
* ''Centro de Convivência'', a cultural complex of theater, an open [[arena]] for concerts and spectacles, and a plaza where Campinas Symphony Orchestra often plays to the public, during on Sundays this place receive many art exhibitors known by most people as Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas Hippie Fair;<ref>[http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/governo/cultura/feira-artes-artesanato/ Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas]</ref>
[[File:Piscina do Tênis Clube de Campinas (TCC), Campinas SP.jpg|thumb|left|Swimming in the Tennis Club of Campinas (TCC).]]
[[File:Parque Portugal tramway (4).jpg|thumb|right|Old tramway in operation at Parque Portugal (also known as Parque Taquaral)]]
* the ''Castelo'' (Castle) Water Tower, which provides views over the downtown;
* the Historical Railway Society of Campinas, which maintains the Anhumas station, a set of steam [[locomotive]]s and full carriages and which promotes regular trips along a picturesque region dotted with old coffee farms;
* the [[Lagoa do Taquaral]] Park, a much-beloved urban [[lagoon]] and adjacent wooded park, includes: a [[planetarium]], a [[science museum]], an indoor sports stadium and swimming pool, [[kart racing]] (now deactivated) and [[model airplane]] areas, an open concert auditorium, a floating [[caravel]] replica, an electric [[tram]]way (streetcar line), [[pedalo]]s, plus facilities for several types of sports, including a long track for running and walking;
* the Rural Exhibition of Campinas is an annual agricultural fair that showcases the region's agricultural products and traditions;<ref name=Facts>{{cite web |title=43 Facts About Campinas |author=Sarajane Lofton |date=4 Jul 2023 |website=Facts.net |url=https://facts.net/world/cities/43-facts-about-campinas/}}</ref>
* the region is rich in bird species, attracting birdwatchers from all over the world;<ref name=Facts />

Campinas' readers of the ''[[Correio Popular]]'' newspaper and the Cosmo Website voted in July 2007 for the "Seven Wonders of Campinas".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cosmo.com.br/campinas/resultadofinal.php |title=Campinas |access-date=2007-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905012347/http://www.cosmo.com.br/campinas/resultadofinal.php |archive-date=2007-09-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The mountain region around Campinas has better travel and stay opportunities, such as in the spa cities of [[Serra Negra]] and [[Águas de Lindóia]]; and in [[Holambra]], a rural region which was populated by immigrants from the Netherlands, with an annual [[flower]] festival and typical buildings and restaurants.

==Sports==
[[File:Estádio Brinco de Ouro da Princesa.JPG|thumb|right|Brinco de Ouro Stadium at night.]]
Campinas is home to two football clubs nationally recognized: [[Associação Atlética Ponte Preta]] and [[Guarani Futebol Clube]], who perform "[[Derby Campineiro|Campineiro derby]]" match that is considered one of the most traditional of the state occurring since 1912. There is also [[Red Bull Brasil]], which was created in November 2007 and lately has gained significant prominence. Women's football also has been outstanding, albeit amateur. In the story also revealed other clubs, such as Mogiana Sports Club, which was created on June 7, 1933, and came into bankruptcy in the 60s.

The city also has three major venues: [[Estádio Brinco de Ouro da Princesa]], owned by Guarani, which opened in 1953 and today has a capacity of around 29,130 people, Sport and Recreation Centre in Campinas Dr. Horacio Antonio da Costa (Cerecamp Stadium or Mogiana Stadium), which belongs to the state of São Paulo and was opened in 1940, right by the [[Estádio Moisés Lucarelli]], owned by Ponte Preta, which was built by its own supporters, and founded in 1948 and has the capacity to 19,728 visitors. It is popularly known as "Majestoso" (The Majestic One), for being the third-largest stadium in Brazil as the year of its foundation (1948), smaller only than [[Pacaembu Stadium|Pacaembu]], in [[São Paulo]] and [[São Januário]], in [[Rio de Janeiro]].[[File:Moisés Lucarelli.jpg|thumb|left|Moisés Lucarelli Stadium.]]

The city is still home to several sporting events in other modalities, such as Corrida Integração (Integration Race), which is held since 1983 by Pioneer Broadcasters Television (EPTV), being divided into two modes (a 5&nbsp;km-dedicated to disabled people and wheelchair users, and another 10&nbsp;km, for non-disabled people).

Campinas also has a tradition in the Open Games of the Interior, created in 1936, and competition involving various sports. Four times, hosted the competition (1939, 1945, 1960, and 1994), and ten times the city came out as the winner of the competition (1939, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979), being the third city which has won the most competition.

In tennis, there is the Tennis Club of Campinas (CBT), which was created in 1913, offering, in addition to the blocks of the sport, swimming pools, courts for basketball and soccer, as well as rooms suitable for the practice of judo, gymnastics, and dance. Club de Regatas Campineiro and Swim (CCRN) also provides space for the practice of various types of Olympic sports.

==Government==
[[File:Prefeitura de Campinas - Palácio dos Jequitibás - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Jequitibás Palace, Campinas City Hall.]]
[[File:Noções basicas direito EGDS (2).jpg|thumb|right|Municipal Chamber of Campinas.]]
The municipality is subdivided into one main district and four subdistricts, Joaquim Egídio, [[Sousas]], [[Barão Geraldo]] and Nova Aparecida. There are also 14 regional administrations.

The Secretariat of International Cooperation (SMCI) was created on April 28, 1994. It is one of the 18 Secretariats of the City Hall of Campinas and it is currently located in that building.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/cooperacao/ingles/ |title=Prefeitura Municipal de Campinas |access-date=2008-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928162047/http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/cooperacao/ingles/ |archive-date=2008-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Its main goals are:
* the attraction and facilitation for the arrival of new investments to the city;
* the expansion of the companies activities that are already established in the city;
* the perpetuation of the relations between the city, its international community, and partners, such as the Sister-Cities.

The Secretariat also acts as a supporter to other secretariats in the City Hall, often through: the identification of national and foreign potentials investors; keeping systematic contacts with executives in Brazil and abroad, Embassies, Chambers of Commerces and relevant International Organizations; presenting Campinas to the cities and interested investors.

===Mayors===
{{See also|:pt:Lista de prefeitos de Campinas|l1=List of mayors of Campinas (in Portuguese)}}
{{Div col}}
* Orozimbo Maia&nbsp;– 1904, 1908–1910, 1926–1930
* [[Ruy Hellmeister Novais]]&nbsp;– 1956–1959, 1964–1969
* [[Orestes Quércia]]&nbsp;– 1969–1972
* Lauro Péricles Gonçalves; 1973–1976
* Francisco Amaral; 1977–1982, 1997–2001
* [[José Roberto Magalhães Teixeira]] – 1983–1988, 1993–1996 (died of hepatic [[cancer]] while in office)
* Jacó Bittar&nbsp;– 1989–1992
* [[Antonio da Costa Santos]] (''Toninho'')&nbsp;– 2001 (murdered while in office)
* [[Izalene Tiene]]&nbsp;– 2001–2005
* [[Hélio de Oliveira Santos]] (''Dr. Hélio'')&nbsp;– 2005–2011 (deposed)
* Demétrio Vilagra&nbsp;– 2011(removed)
* Pedro Serafim Júnior&nbsp;– 2011
* Demétrio Vilagra&nbsp;– 2011 (deposed)
* Pedro Serafim Júnior&nbsp;– 2011–2012 (interim)
* [[Jonas Donizette]] &nbsp;– 2013–2020
* Dário Saadi&nbsp;– 2021–present
{{Div col end}}

==Infrastructure==
[[File:Rod. Dom Pedro - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Dom Pedro I motorway, part of Campinas Beltway.]]
[[File:Aeroporto_de_Campinas.jpg|thumb|left|[[Viracopos International Airport]] is located in Campinas.]]
[[File:Terminalcampinas.jpg|thumb|right|Coach Terminal.]]
[[File:Estação Ferroviária Campinas SP.jpg|thumb|right|Campinas railway station.]]

===Transportation===
Campinas is a major transportation and telecommunications hub for the State of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], as it is located on the major motorways that connect the [[São Paulo (city)|capital]] to the Northwest and Northern parts of the State. The city is served by the Campinas Beltway (''Anel Viário'') and the following main motorways:
* [[Rodovia Anhangüera]]
* [[Rodovia dos Bandeirantes]]
* [[Rodovia Santos Dumont]]
* [[Rodovia Dom Pedro I]]
* [[Rodovia Adhemar de Barros]]
* [[Rodovia Professor Zeferino Vaz]]
* [[Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença]]
All these motorways are built according to the highest international standards (see [[highway system of São Paulo]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.agemcamp.sp.gov.br/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=91 |title=Highways in Campinas |access-date=2008-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112012124/http://www.agemcamp.sp.gov.br/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=91 |archive-date=2009-01-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Anel Viário José Magalhães Teixeira]] (SP-038) around the city currently interconnects the Anhangüera and Dom Pedro I motorways.

The main airport of the city is [[Viracopos International Airport]], located {{convert|14|km|mi}} from Downtown Campinas and {{convert|99|km|mi}} from the city of [[São Paulo]]. The airport serves as the main hub for [[Azul Brazilian Airlines]], transporting 11.8 million passengers in 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.viracopos.com/pt_br/noticias/viracopos-atinge-recorde-historico-em-2022-com-11-8-milhoes-de-passageiros.htm#:~:text=O%20movimento%20de%20pousos%20e,decolagens%20por%20m%C3%AAs%20em%20Viracopos | title=Viracopos atinge recorde histórico em 2022 com 11,8 milhões de passageiros &#124; default }}</ref> It also operates the second-largest [[cargo]] terminal in Brazil. It is one of the fastest-growing airports in the country, and since it was turned over to the private sector in 2012, a number of improvements and innovations have been implemented through the Viracopos Brazil Airports concession.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viracopos.com/the-airport/|title=The Airport|website=www.viracopos.com|access-date=2014-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111171857/http://www.viracopos.com/the-airport/|archive-date=2014-11-11|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A second facility, [[Campo dos Amarais Airport]] located {{convert|8|km|mi}} from downtown Campinas, is dedicated to [[general aviation]].

===Campinas public transportation statistics===
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Campinas, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 77 min. 21% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 23 min, while 52% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7.9&nbsp;km, while 16% travel for over 12&nbsp;km in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Campinas Public Transportation Statistics|publisher=Global Public Transit Index by Moovit|url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Brazil_Campinas-1002|access-date=June 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901030332/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Brazil_Campinas-1002|archive-date=September 1, 2017|url-status=dead}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |date=2017-10-16 }}.</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Unicamp BC.jpg|right|thumb|Typical buildings at [[Unicamp]] (University of Campinas).]]
[[File:Entrada_nos_portoes.JPG|right|thumb|[[Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército|Brazilian Army Preparatory School of Cadets]].]]
[[File:Lnls.jpg|right|thumb|The National Synchrotron Light Laboratory]]
[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official [[High school (upper secondary)|high school]] curriculum.

===Universities and colleges===
* Unicamp ([[Universidade Estadual de Campinas]]);
* IFSP ([[Instituto Federal de São Paulo]]);
* INPG Business School (Instituto Nacional de Pós-Graduação) - [http://www.inpg.edu.br INPG]
* PUC-Campinas ([[Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas]]);
* UNIP (Universidade Paulista);
* FACAMP (Faculdades de Campinas);
* METROCAMP (Faculdade Integrada Metropolitana de Campinas);
* IPEP (Faculdades Integradas IPEP);
* UNISAL (Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo);
* USF ([[Universidade São Francisco]]);
* ESAMC (Escola Superior de Administração, Marketing e Comunicação);
* [[Universidade Mackenzie]];
* FAC (Faculdades Comunitárias de Campinas);
* Faculdades Fleming;
* Faculdade de Odontologia São Leopoldo Mandic.
* [http://www.fateccampinas.com.br/ Fatec Campinas]

===Technical schools===
* ETE Bento Quirino (Escola Técnica Estadual Bento Quirino)
* ETEC (Escola Técnica de Campinas)
* ETECAP (Escola Técnica Estadual Conselheiro Antonio Prado)
* POLI Bentinho (Colégio Politécnico Bento Quirino)
* [[COTUCA]] (Colégio Técnico da Universidade de Campinas)
* [[SENAI]] (Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial)
* IFSP ([[Instituto Federal de São Paulo]])

==Media==
Three daily newspapers are published in Campinas, all owned by media company [[Rede Anhangüera de Comunicação]]: [[Correio Popular]], [[Diário do Povo (Campinas)|Diário do Povo]] and [[Notícia Já]] (a tabloid). Several other local newspapers with weekly or monthly circulation are also published. Several magazines are also published in Campinas, the largest one being ''Metrópole'', which circulates on Sundays as a supplement to ''Correio Popular''.

The city has also a large number of [[radio station]]s as well as several local [[TV station]]s, including ''TV Universidades'' and ''Fenix TV'' (both not-for-profit), distributed by [[Net Serviços de Comunicação S/A|Net Campinas]], the local cable distributor.

[http://www.servicosemcampinas.com.br/ Campinas]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} was the first city in Brazil, outside the capitals of Brazilian states, which received the transmission in [[Digital television|digital signal for TV]], by [[Emissoras Pioneiras de Televisão|EPTV]], an affiliate of [[Rede Globo]], on October 3, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tecnologia.uol.com.br/ultnot/2008/12/02/ult4213u603.jhtm|title=Campinas será a primeira cidade com TV digital longe das capitais - 02/12/2008 - UOL Tecnologia|website=tecnologia.uol.com.br|access-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307173726/https://tecnologia.uol.com.br/ultnot/2008/12/02/ult4213u603.jhtm|archive-date=2019-03-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> It currently has the second TV station that also broadcasts the signal by TVB, now an affiliate of [[Rede Record]], since February 2011 (before [[Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão|SBT]], when it began on May 8, 2010).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvmagazine.com.br/talktv/read.asp?ID=17686&curPage=100|title=Another Digital TV channel in Campinas (pt)|website=tvmagazine.com.br|access-date=2011-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706154643/http://www.tvmagazine.com.br/talktv/read.asp?ID=17686&curPage=100|archive-date=2011-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref>

In telecommunications, the city was served by [[Companhia Telefônica Brasileira]] until 1973, when it began to be served by {{ill|Telecomunicações de São Paulo|pt|vertical-align=sup}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imprensaoficial.com.br/DO/BuscaDO2001Documento_11_4.aspx?link=/1973/ineditoriais/abril/24/p1/pag_0054_DUI6O3SN7V5CNe7E7ANSRTTG04F.pdf&pagina=54&data=24/04/1973&caderno=Ineditoriais&paginaordenacao=100054|title=Creation of Telesp - April 12, 1973|access-date=2024-05-26|website=www.imprensaoficial.com.br|language=Portuguese}}</ref> In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the [[Vivo (telecommunications company)|Vivo]] brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).<ref name=":vivo">{{Cite web|url=https://ri.telefonica.com.br/en/the-company/our-history/|title=Our History - Telefônica RI|access-date=2024-05-26|website=Telefônica}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{main category|People from Campinas}}
{{colbegin}}
* [[Maurício Lima|Maurício]], volleyball player, Olympic Champion
* [[Campos Sales]] (politician, fourth [[president of Brazil]])
* [[Antônio Carlos Gomes|Carlos Gomes]] (opera composer)
* [[Nelsinho Baptista]] (footballer)
* [[Olavo de Carvalho]] (philosopher and writer)
* [[Daniel Dias]] (paralympic swimmer)
* [[Luciano do Valle]] (sports commentator)
* [[Felipe Meligeni Alves]] (tennis player)
* [[Marcelo Damy]] (physicist)
* [[Gabriel (footballer, born July 1992)|Gabriel]] (footballer)
* [[Gilberto de Nucci]] (physician and biomedical researcher)
* [[Renato M.E. Sabbatini]] (biomedical scientist and writer)
* [[Hércules Florence]] (inventor)
* [[Luís Fabiano]] (footballer)
* [[Carlos Roberto Martins]] (entrepreneur)
* [[Crodowaldo Pavan]] (biologist and scientist)
* [[Henrique Martins]] (World Champion in swimming and [[Mister Brazil]])
* [[Zeferino Vaz]] (physician, former dean of UNICAMP)
* [[Fabiana Murer]] (pole vaulter)
* [[Oliver Minatel]] (footballer)
* [[José Fiolo]] (swimmer)
* [[Sandy (Brazilian singer)|Sandy]] (singer)
* [[Fabinho (footballer, born 1993)|Fabinho]] (footballer)
* [[Marcel de Souza (basketball)|Marcel]], basketball player
* [[Ricardo Mello]], tennis player
* [[Fábio Gomes (pole vaulter)|Fábio Gomes]], pole vaulter
{{colend}}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Brazil}}

Campinas is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref name=twins>{{cite web|title=Cidades Irmãs|url=http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/governo/cooperacao_internacional/irmas/|website=campinas.sp.gov.br|publisher=Campinas|language=pt|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2011-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515093629/http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/governo/cooperacao_internacional/irmas/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=cascais>{{cite web |title=Campinas e Cascais, em Portugal, agora são cidades-irmãs|url=http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/noticias-integra.php?id=16180|website=campinas.sp.gov.br|publisher=Campinas|language=pt|date=2012-10-31|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Campinas formaliza irmandade com a cidade espanhola de Zaragoza|url=http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/noticias-integra.php?id=20582|website=campinas.sp.gov.br|publisher=Campinas|language=pt|date=2013-09-26|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Community Partners|url=https://www.internationalcenter.org/community-partners/|website=internationalcenter.org|publisher=The International Center|access-date=2020-05-22}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|PAR}} [[Asunción]], Paraguay (1973)
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Auroville]], India (2004)
* {{flagicon|ANG}} [[Cabinda (city)|Cabinda]], Angola (2009)
* {{flagicon|POR}} [[Cascais]], Portugal (2012)
* {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Concepción, Chile|Concepción]], Chile (1979)
* {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], Argentina (1993)
* {{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cotorro|Cotorro (Havana)]], Cuba (2009)
* {{flagicon|CIV}} [[Daloa]], Ivory Coast (1982)
* {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Durban]], South Africa (2009)
* {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Fuzhou]], China (1996)
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Gifu]], Japan (1982)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Indianapolis]], United States (2009)
* {{flagicon|PSE}} [[Jericho]], Palestine (2003)
* {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Malito]], Italy (2006)
<!--Novi Sad - twinning ended-->
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[San Diego]], United States (1995)
* {{flagicon|POR}} [[Viseu]], Portugal (2012)
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Zaragoza]], Spain (2013)
{{div col end}}

===Cooperative agreements===
Campinas signed Cooperation Protocol with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Campinas assina acordo de cidade-irmã com Cascais em Portugal|url=http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/noticias-integra.php?id=14134|website=campinas.sp.gov.br|publisher=Campinas|language=pt|date=2012-07-06|access-date=2020-05-22|archive-date=2013-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055708/http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/noticias-integra.php?id=14134|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|POR}} [[Fundão, Portugal|Fundão]], Portugal (2012)

===Domestic cooperation===
Campinas cooperates with:<ref name=twins/><ref name=cascais/>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon|Pará}} [[Belém]], Pará (2003)
* {{flagicon|Santa Catarina}} [[Blumenau]], Santa Catarina (1983)
* {{flagicon|Minas Gerais}} [[Camanducaia]], Minas Gerais (2010)
* {{flagicon|São Paulo}} [[Peruíbe]], São Paulo (2007)
* {{flagicon|Minas Gerais}} [[Salinas, Minas Gerais|Salinas]], Minas Gerais (2012)
* {{flagicon|São Paulo}} [[Ubatuba]], São Paulo (2007)
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of municipalities in São Paulo]]
* [[Interior of São Paulo]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Brazil}}
{{Sister project links|voy=Campinas|Campinas}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020802050451/http://www.campinas.sp.gov.br/ Official home page] (in Portuguese).
* [http://www.encontracampinas.com.br/campinas/ EncontraCampinas - Find everything about Campinas] (in Portuguese)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070905012347/http://www.cosmo.com.br/campinas/resultadofinal.php The Seven Wonders of Campinas] (in Portuguese)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502022513/http://www.cosmo.com.br/campinas/monumentos.php Other Campinas Tourist Spots] (in Portuguese)

{{Brazil topics}}
{{Municipalities of São Paulo}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Campinas| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1774]]
[[Category:1774 establishments in South America]]