Editing Canal through Zuid-Beveland

{{Short description|Canal in Netherlands}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox canal
|name               = Canal through Zuid-Beveland
|country            = Netherlands
|image              = Kanaal door Zuid-Beveland.jpg
|image_size         = 300px
|image_caption      = Aerial view of the northern parts of the canal
|mapframe           = yes
|mapframe-zoom      = 10
|canal_length       = {{convert| 9|km|mi nmi|1|abbr=off}}
|lock_length        = {{convert|280|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} <ref>[https://www.vaarweginformatie.nl/frp/main/#/geo/detail/CHAMBER/24146 Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management]</ref>
|lock_width         = {{convert|24|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|max_boat_length    = {{convert|200|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} <ref>[https://www.vaarweginformatie.nl/frp/main/#/geo/detail/MAXIMUM_DIMENSIONS/9234 '''{{ISO 639 name|nl}}''' Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management]</ref>
|max_boat_beam      = {{convert|23.5|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}
|max_boat_draft     = {{convert|4.8|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}<br/>(depending on the tide)
|max_boat_air_draft = {{convert|44|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<br/>(due to power lines)
|original_num_locks = 2 x 3
|current_num_locks  = 1 x 2
|min_elev=
|max_elev=
|total_rise=
|status = operational
|navigation_authority= [[Rijkswaterstaat]]
|former_names=
|present_owner=
|original_owner=
|engineer=
|other_engineer=
|date_approved  = 
|date_began     = 1863
|date_use       =
|date_completed = 1866
|date_extended  =
|date_closed    =
|date_restored  =
|xfield2=
|xvalue2=
|direction= 
|start_point = [[Eastern Scheldt]] river, [[Netherlands]]
|end_point   = [[Western Scheldt]] river, [[Netherlands]]
|begin_coord = {{coord|51|31|10|N|4|0|56|E}}
|end_coord   = {{coord|51|26|21|N|4|0|39|E}}
|branch=
|branch_of=
|connects_to=
| module     = 
}}

The '''Canal through Zuid-Beveland''' (Dutch: ''Kanaal door Zuid-Beveland'') in the southwest [[Netherlands]] is the westernmost of two [[canal]]s crossing the [[Zuid-Beveland]] peninsula. It connects the [[Western Scheldt]] near [[Hansweert]] (to the south of the canal) via a [[Lock (water navigation)|lock]] complex and the [[Eastern Scheldt]] (to the north) with which it has an open connection.

==History==
Planning for faster and more reliable route between the [[Port of Antwerp]] and the [[Rhine]] began with [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]], but this planning was interrupted by the declaration of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] in 1815, and by the [[Belgian Revolution]] in 1830, issues which took precedence over the development of a new waterwater.<ref name="KIN">{{cite web |last1=Raat |first1=Roger |title=Kanaal door Zuid-Beveland |url=https://kanaleninnederland.nl/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Kanaal-door-Zuid-Beveland-1.pdf |website=Kanalen in Nederland |access-date=30 May 2025}}</ref> With the [[Treaty of London (1839)|Treat of London]] in 1839, which recognized the independence of [[Belgium]], provisions were included that dealt with cooperation between the Netherlands and Belgium concerning how shipping between Antwerp and the Rhine would be handled; the Netherlands was obligated to keep a connection open between the two.<ref name="KIN"/>

The planning for a new canal through Zuid-Beveland began anew when in the late 1850s, the Netherlands decided to build the [[Roosendaal–Vlissingen railway]], which necessitated the damming of the only two inland connections between the Western Scheldt and the Eastern Scheldt: the [[Kreekrakdam|Kreekrak]] and the [[Sloedam|Sloe]]. Construction began on the ''Kanaal door Zuid-Beveland'' stretching between [[Wemeldinge]] and Hansweert in 1863 and the canal was inaugerated on October 15, 1866.<ref name="KIN"/> The canal's traffic quickly grew, and another [[Lock (water navigation)|navigation lock]] apiece were added at each end to reduce congestion in 1872, and yet another lock was added in 1916 at Hansweert and one at Wemeldinge in 1928.<ref name="KIN"/>

Even as far back as the 1920s, Belgium had begun seeking a more direct route and more modern canal between Antwerp in the Rhine. Belgium and the Netherlands negotiated for decades over the location and specifications of a new canal, and in 1963 the [[Scheldt-Rhine Canal]] began construction which was opened in 1975.<ref name="KIN"/> However, the Canal through South Beveland remained as a secondary route for tall ships which could not navigate under the lift gates of the Kreekraksluizen and the fixed bridges over the Scheldt-Rhine Canal. It was decided in 1976 to modernize this canal, as well, which included widening it, replacing the old locks at Hansweert with modern ones, and abandoning in place the locks at Wemeldinge, since the agreement with Belgium specified that there could only be three locks between Antwerp and the Rhine.<ref name="KIN"/> The new locks at Hansweert were opened December 2, 1987 and the reconstruction of the northern end of the canal - which relocated the entrance further east - was completed in 1993.<ref name="KIN"/>

The abandonment of the locks at Wemeldinge left the water level of the canal subject to the tides of the Eastern Scheldt, though these had been reduced by the [[Oosterscheldekering|Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier]], especially to the level of the tides in the Western Scheldt.

==Connections==
The canal is crossed by the Postbrug (which carries {{ill|N670|nl}}), a railroad bridge (which carries the [[Roosendaal–Vlissingen railway]]), and the {{ill|Vlake Tunnel|de|Vlaketunnel|nl|Vlaketunnel}} (which carries the [[A58 motorway (Netherlands)|A58 motorway]]). In addition, there are two small road bridges built on rollers (one over the southern end of the western lock chamber, and one over the northern end of the eastern lock chamber) which are used by pedestrians, cyclists and horseman.<ref name="Rijkswater">{{cite web |title=Sluisdeur in buitenhoofd Hansweert |url=https://vaarweginformatie.nl/frp/main/#/geo/detail/BRIDGE/2898 |website=vaarweginformatie.nl |publisher=Rijkswaterstaat |access-date=7 July 2023}}</ref>

==Amenities==
At Wemeldinge, the abandoned middle lock was filled in, but the locks on either side were transformed into a [[marina]]: the Jachthaven Wemeldinge.<ref name="KIN"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Jachthaven Wemeldinge |url=https://www.vdrest.nl/jachthaven-wemeldinge/ |website=Van der Rest Jachthavens |access-date=30 May 2025}}</ref>

{{coord|51|28|57|N|4|00|15|E|display=title|region:NL_type:waterbody_source:nlwiki}}

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Location Kanaal door Zuid-Beveland.PNG|The route of the Canal through Zuid-Beveland
File:Railway bridge over the Canal through Zuid-Beveland.jpg|Railroad bridge over the Canal through Zuid-Beveland
File:Kanaal Zuid-Beveland.jpg|Canal through Zuid-Beveland (south side), showing entrance to the locks
</gallery>

== External  links ==
* [https://www.rijkswaterstaat.nl/water/vaarwegenoverzicht/kanaal-door-zuid-beveland  '''{{ISO 639 name|nld}}''' Canal through Zuid-Beveland - Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Canals in the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta]]
[[Category:Canals opened in 1866]]
[[Category:1866 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Canals in Zeeland]]
[[Category:Transport in Reimerswaal]]
[[Category:Kapelle]]
[[Category:Zuid-Beveland]]
[[Category:19th-century architecture in the Netherlands]]