Editing Caridea

{{Short description|Infraorder of shrimp}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|Lower Jurassic | present}}
| image = Heterocarpus ensifer.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Heterocarpus ensifer]]''
| taxon = Caridea
| authority = [[James Dwight Dana|Dana]], 1852
| subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies
| subdivision = 
*[[Alpheoidea]]
*[[Atyoidea]]
*[[Bresilioidea]]
*[[Campylonotoidea]]
*[[Crangonoidea]]
*[[Galatheacaridoidea]]
*[[Nematocarcinoidea]]
*[[Oplophoroidea]]
*[[Palaemonoidea]]
*[[Pandaloidea]]
*[[Pasiphaeoidea]]
*[[Physetocaridoidea]]
*[[Processoidea]]
*[[Psalidopodoidea]]
*[[Stylodactyloidea]]
| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}} 
* ''Amphionidacea''
* ''Amphionidea''
* ''Eukyphida''
{{hidden end}}
}}

The '''Caridea''', commonly known as '''caridean shrimp''' or '''true shrimp''', from the Greek word καρίς, καρίδος (karís, karídos, “shrimp”), are an infraorder of [[shrimp]] within the order [[Decapoda]]. This infraorder contains all species of true shrimp. They are found widely around the world in both [[fresh water|fresh]] and [[seawater|salt water]]. Many other animals with similar names – such as the mud shrimp of [[Axiidea]] and the boxer shrimp of [[Stenopodidea]] – are not true shrimp, but many have evolved features similar to true shrimp.

==Biology==
Carideans are found in every kind of aquatic habitat, with the majority of species being marine. Around a quarter of the described species are found in [[fresh water]], however, including almost all the members of the species-rich family [[Atyidae]] and the [[Palaemonidae]] subfamily [[Palaemoninae]].<ref name="freshwater">{{cite journal |author1=S. De Grave |author2=Y. Cai |author3=A. Anker |year=2008 |title=Global diversity of shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in freshwater |journal=[[Hydrobiologia]] |volume=595 |issue=1: Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment |pages=287–293 |doi=10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw4H6DBHnAgC&pg=PA287 |editor1=Estelle Virginia Balian |editor2=C. Lévêque |editor3=H. Segers |editor4=K. Martens |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |bibcode=2008HyBio.595..287D |isbn=978-1-4020-8258-0|s2cid=22945163 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> They include several commercially important species, such as ''[[Macrobrachium rosenbergii]]'', and are found on every continent except [[Antarctica]].<ref name="freshwater"/> The marine species are found at depths to {{convert|5000|m|abbr=on}},<ref name="Chace">{{cite book |editor=Robert Hugh Morris, Donald Putnam Abbott & Eugene Clinton Haderlie |year=1980 |title=Intertidal Invertebrates of California |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8047-1045-9 |chapter=Caridea: the shrimps |author=[[Fenner A. Chace Jr.]] & Donald P. Abbott |pages=567–576 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NAybxQZvWI0C&pg=PA567}}</ref> and from the tropics to the polar regions.

In addition to the great variety in habitat, carideans vary greatly in form, from species a few millimetres long when fully grown,<ref name="SA">{{cite book |author1=Gary C. B. Poore |author2=Shane T. Ahyong |year=2004 |title=Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |isbn=9780643069060 |chapter=Caridea – shrimps |pages=53–57 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZWnuGc0xlMC&pg=PA53}}</ref> to those that grow to over {{convert|1|ft|mm|sigfig=1|order=flip|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="Chace"/> Except where [[secondary loss|secondarily lost]], shrimp have one pair of stalked eyes, although they are sometimes covered by the [[carapace]], which protects the [[cephalothorax]].<ref name="Chace"/> The carapace also surrounds the [[gill]]s, through which water is pumped by the action of the mouthparts.<ref name="Chace"/>

Most carideans are [[omnivore|omnivorous]], but some are specialised for particular modes of feeding. Some are [[filter feeding|filter feeders]], using their [[seta|setose]] (bristly) legs as a sieve; some scrape [[algae]] from rocks. The snapping shrimp of the genus ''[[Alpheus (crustacean)|Alpheus]]'' snap their claws to create a shock wave that stuns prey. Many [[cleaner shrimp]], which groom reef fish and feed on their parasites and [[necrosis|necrotic tissue]], are carideans.<ref name="Chace"/> In turn, carideans are eaten by various animals, particularly fish and seabirds, and frequently host [[Bopyridae|bopyrid]] parasites.<ref name="Chace"/>

===Lifecycle===
Unlike [[Dendrobranchiata|Dendrobranchiates]], Carideans brood their eggs rather than releasing them into the water. Caridean larvae undergo all naupliar development within the egg, and eclose as a [[zoea]]. The zoea stage feeds on [[phytoplankton]]. There can be as few as two zoea stages, (e.g. some freshwater [[Palaemonidae]]), or as many as 13, (e.g. some [[Pandalidae]]). The post-zoeal larva, often called a decapodid, resembles a miniature adult, but retains some larval characteristics. The decapodid larva will metamorphose a final time into a post-larval juvenile: a young shrimp having all the characteristics of adults.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Guerao|first1=Guillermo|last2=Cuesta|first2=Jose|date=July 2014|title=Caridea|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263973779|url-status=live|website=ResearchGate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220082835/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263973779_Caridea |archive-date=2020-12-20 }}</ref> Most adult carideans are [[benthic]] animals living primarily on the sea floor.

Common species include ''[[Pandalus borealis]]'' (the "pink shrimp"), ''[[Crangon crangon]]'' (the "brown shrimp") and the [[snapping shrimp]] of the genus [[Alpheus_(crustacean)|''Alpheus'']]. Depending on the species and location, they grow from about {{convert|1.2|to|30|cm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}} long, and live between 1.0 and 6.5 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/faq/ |title=A bouillabaisse of fascinating facts about fish |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]: [[National Marine Fisheries Service]] |access-date=October 22, 2009}}</ref>

==Commercial fishing==
{{See also|Shrimp fishery}}

[[File:Wild caridean shrimp capture time series.png|upright=1.4|thumb|Global wild capture, 1950–2010, in tonnes, of caridean shrimp<ref name=faostat>Based on data sourced from the [http://faostat.fao.org/site/629/default.aspx FishStat database], FAO.</ref>]]

The most significant commercial species among the carideans is ''[[Pandalus borealis]]'',<ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3425/en ''Pandalus borealis'' (Krøyer, 1838)] FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved September 2012.</ref> followed by ''[[Crangon crangon]]''.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3435/en ''Crangon crangon'' (Linnaeus, 1758)] FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved September 2012.</ref> The wild-capture production of ''P.&nbsp;borealis'' is about ten times that of ''C.&nbsp;crangon''. In 1950, the position was reversed, with the capture of ''C.&nbsp;crangon'' about ten times that of ''P.&nbsp;borealis''.<ref name=faostat />

In 2010, the global aquaculture of all shrimp and prawn species (3.5 million tonnes) slightly exceeded the global wild capture (3.2 million tonnes).<ref name=faostat /> No carideans were significantly involved in aquaculture, but about 430,000 tonnes were captured in the wild. That is, about 13% of the global wild capture, or about 6% of the total production of all shrimp and prawns, were carideans.<ref name=faostat />

==Systematics and related taxa==
{{Multiple image
| header = Difference between carideans and dendrobranchiates
| direction = horizontal
| align = right
| width = 220
| image1 = Pandborealisind.jpg
| caption1 = Carideans, such as ''[[Pandalus borealis]]'', typically have two pairs of claws, and the second segment of the abdomen overlaps the segments on either side. The abdomen shows a pronounced ''caridean bend''.
| image2 = Penaeus monodon.jpg
| caption2 = [[Dendrobranchiata]], such as ''[[Penaeus monodon]]'', typically have three pairs of claws, and even-sized segments on the abdomen. There is no pronounced bend in the abdomen.
}}

Shrimp of the infraorder Caridea are more closely related to [[lobster]]s and [[crab]]s than they are to the members of the sub-order [[Dendrobranchiata]] (prawns).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://museumvictoria.com.au/crust/caribiol.html#svp |title=Biology of Shrimps |publisher=[[Museum Victoria Australia]] |access-date=January 9, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104102229/http://museumvictoria.com.au/crust/caribiol.html#svp |archive-date=January 4, 2010 }}</ref> Biologists distinguish these two groups based on differences in their [[gill]] structures. The gill structure is [[Lamella (zoology)|lamellar]] in carideans but branching in dendrobranchiates. The easiest practical way to separate true shrimp from dendrobranchiates is to examine the second [[Somite|abdominal segment]]. The second segment of a carideans overlaps both the first and the third segment, while the second segment of a dendrobranchiate overlaps only the third segment.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Charles Raabe |author2=Linda Raabe |year=2008 |url=http://www.chucksaddiction.com/Caridean.html |title=The Caridean shrimp: Shrimp Anatomy - Illustrations and Glossary}}</ref> They also differ in that carideans typically have two pairs of [[chela (organ)|chelae]] (claws), while dendrobranchiates have three.<ref name="Bauer_3_14">{{cite book |author=Raymond T. Bauer |year=2004 |title=Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans |volume=7 |series=Animal Natural History Series |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |isbn=978-0-8061-3555-7 |chapter=What is a caridean shrimp? |pages=3–14 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8YHIsnod3EC&pg=PA3}}</ref> A third group, the [[Stenopodidea]], contains around 70 species and differs from the other groups in that the third pairs of legs is greatly enlarged.<ref name="Bauer_3_14"/>

[[Procarididea]] are the sister group to the Caridea, comprising only eleven species.<ref name="Grave">{{cite journal|journal=[[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology]] |year=2009 |volume=Suppl. 21 |pages=1–109 |title=A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=N. Dean Pentcheff |author3=Shane T. Ahyong |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606064728/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-06 }}</ref><ref name="Carideorum">{{cite journal |author=S. De Grave & C. H. J. M. Fransen |year=2011 |title=Carideorum Catalogus: the Recent species of the dendrobranchiate, stenopodidean, procarididean and caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) |journal=[[Zoologische Mededelingen]] |volume=85 |issue=9 |pages=195–589, figs. 1–59 |isbn=978-90-6519-200-4 |url=http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/85/nr02/a01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121220093841/http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/85/nr02/a01 |archive-date=2012-12-20 }}</ref>

The [[cladogram]] below shows Caridea's relationships to other relatives within [[Decapoda]], from analysis by Wolfe ''et al.'', 2019.<ref name="Wolfe2019">{{cite journal |last1=Wolfe |first1=Joanna M. |last2=Breinholt |first2=Jesse W. |last3=Crandall |first3=Keith A. |last4=Lemmon |first4=Alan R. |last5=Lemmon |first5=Emily Moriarty |last6=Timm |first6=Laura E. |last7=Siddall |first7=Mark E. |last8=Bracken-Grissom |first8=Heather D. |title=A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B | date=24 April 2019 |volume=286 |issue=1901 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2019.0079 |pmc=6501934  |pmid=31014217 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{Decapoda cladogram}}

The below [[cladogram]] shows the internal relationships of eight selected [[family (biology)|families]] within Caridea, with the [[Atyidae]] (freshwater shrimp) being the most [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]]:<ref name="Wolfe2019"/>

{{clade| style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%
|label1='''Caridea'''
|1={{clade
 |1=[[Atyidae]]
 |2={{clade
  |1=[[Oplophoridae]]
  |2={{clade
   |1={{clade
    |1=[[Lysmatidae]]
    |2=[[Barbouriidae]] }}
   |2={{clade
    |1={{clade
     |1=[[Thoridae]]
     |2=[[Hippolytidae]] }}
    |2={{clade
     |1=[[Alpheidae]]
     |2=[[Palaemonidae]]
}} }} }} }} }} }}

==Taxonomy==
The infraorder Caridea is divided into 15 superfamilies:<ref name="Grave"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Superfamily
! Image
! Description
|-
! [[Alpheoidea]]
| [[File:Lysmata amboinensis in Tropicarium-Oceanarium Budapest.JPG|120px|Lysmata debelius]]<br />''[[Lysmata amboinensis]]''
| valign=top | Contains four families, including [[Alpheidae]], the family of pistol or snapping shrimp, and [[Hippolytidae]] a family of [[cleaner shrimp]].<ref name="Carideorum"/><ref>{{cite WoRMS |author=Michael Türkay |year=2012 |title=Alpheoidea |id=106709 |access-date=February 8, 2012}}</ref>
|-
! [[Atyoidea]]
| [[File:Atyagabonensis.jpg|120px|Atya gabonensis]]<br />''[[Atya gabonensis]]''
| valign=top | Contains one family, [[Atyidae]], with 42 genera.<ref name="Grave"/> They are present in all tropical and most temperate waters. Adults of this family are almost always confined to fresh water.
|-
! [[Bresilioidea]]
| [[File:Rimicaris kairei.jpg|120px|Rimicaris kairei]]<br />''[[Rimicaris kairei]]''
| valign=top | Likely to be an [[polyphyly|artificial group]], containing five families<ref name="Grave"/> which may or may not be related.<ref name="M&D">{{cite book |url=http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf |title=An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea |author1=Joel W. Martin |author2=George E. Davis |year=2001 |pages=132 pp |publisher=[[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]] |access-date=2012-09-01 |archive-date=2013-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512091254/http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[Campylonotoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains two families. [[Fenner A. Chace|Fenner Chace]] considered it to be a [[sister group]] to the much larger superfamily [[Palaemonoidea]] (below) with which it shares the absence of endopods on the pereiopods, and a first pereiopod that is thinner than the second.<ref>{{cite book |author=Raymond T. Bauer |year=2004 |title=Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans |volume=7 |series=Animal natural history series |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |isbn=978-0-8061-3555-7 |chapter=Evolutionary history of the Caridea |pages=204–219 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8YHIsnod3EC&pg=PA213}}</ref> Using [[molecular phylogenetics]], Bracken ''et al.'' proposed that Campylonotoidea may be closer to [[Atyoidea]] (above).<ref name="Grave"/><ref name="Bracken">{{cite book |author1=Heather D. Bracken |author2=Sammy De Grave |author3=Darryl L. Felder |year=2009 |chapter=Phylogeny of the infraorder Caridea based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes (Crustacea: Decapoda) |pages=281–305 |editor1=Joel W. Martin |editor2=Keith A. Crandall|editor2-link=Keith A. Crandall |editor3=Darryl L. Felder |title=Decapod Crustacean Phylogenetics |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-1-4200-9258-5 |volume=18 |series=Crustacean issues |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bxs6SgSW2kQC&pg=PA295}}</ref>

|-
! [[Crangonoidea]]
| [[File:Crangon crangon.jpg|120px|Crangon crangon]]<br />''[[Crangon crangon]]''
| valign=top | Contains two families: including the family [[Crangonidae]].<ref name="Grave"/> ''[[Crangon crangon]]'' is abundant around the European coast has a sandy brown colour which it can change to match its environment. It lives in shallow water which can be slightly brackish, and it feeds nocturnally. During the day, it stays buried in the sand to escape predatory birds and fish, with only its antennae protruding.<ref name="ARKive">{{cite web |url=http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/invertebrates_marine/Crangon_crangon/ |title=''Crangon crangon'' |publisher=[[ARKive]] |access-date=June 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517033109/http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/invertebrates_marine/Crangon_crangon/ |archive-date=2008-05-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[Galatheacaridoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains only one species, the rare ''Galatheacaris abyssalis''. Described in 1997 on the basis of what was then a single specimen, it was seen to be so different from previously known shrimp species that a new family Galatheacarididae and superfamily Galatheacaridoidea were erected for it.<ref>{{cite journal |title=New family and superfamily for a deep-sea caridean shrimp from the ''Galathea'' collections |author=Alexander L. Vereshchaka |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=17 |issue=2 |year=1997 |pages=361–373 |jstor=1549285 |doi=10.2307/1549285|bibcode=1997JCBio..17..361V }}</ref> [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] analyses has indicated that ''Galatheacaris abyssalis'' is the [[crustacean larvae|larval stage]] of ''[[Eugonatonotus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sammy DeGrave |author2=Ka Hou Chu |author3=Tin-Yam Y. Chan |year=2010 |title=On the systematic position of ''Galatheacaris abyssalis'' (Decapoda: Galatheacaridoidea) |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=521–527 |doi=10.1651/10-3278.1|doi-access=free |bibcode=2010JCBio..30..521C }}</ref>
|-
! [[Nematocarcinoidea]]
| [[File:Rhynchocinetes durbanensis.JPG|120px|Rhynchocinetes durbanensis]]<br />''[[Rhynchocinetes durbanensis]]''
| valign=top | Contains four families.<ref name="Carideorum"/><ref>{{cite web |author1=Sammy De Grave |author2=Michael Türkay |year=2011 |title=Nematocarcinoidea |publisher=[[World Register of Marine Species]] |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106713 |access-date=September 29, 2011}}</ref> They share the presence of strap-like epipods on at least the first three pairs of [[pereiopod]]s, and a blunt molar process.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gary C. B. Poore |year=2004 |title=Marine decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-643-06906-0 |chapter=Superfamily Nematocarcinoidea Smith, 1884 |pages=115–122 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TptuZCY3OU0C&pg=PT115}}</ref> One of the families, [[Rhynchocinetidae]], are a group of small, reclusive red-and-white shrimp. This family typically has an upward-hinged foldable [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]],<ref name="AFD"/> hence its taxon name "Rhynchocinetidae", which means "movable beak".<ref name="AFD">{{cite web |title=Rhynchocinetidae |work=[[Australian Faunal Directory]] |publisher=[[Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts]] |date=October 9, 2008 |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/RHYNCHOCINETIDAE |access-date=August 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401225702/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/RHYNCHOCINETIDAE |archive-date=2011-04-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pictured is ''Rhynchocinetes durbanensis''.
|-
! [[Oplophoroidea]]
| [[File:HymenodoraGlacialis.jpg|120px|Hymenodora glacialis]]<br />''[[Hymenodora glacialis]]''
| valign=top | There is only one family, [[Oplophoridae]], of this [[pelagic]] shrimp, which contains 12 genera.<ref name="Grave"/>
|-
! [[Palaemonoidea]]
| [[File:Palaemon elegans1.jpg|120px|Palaemon elegans]]<br />''[[Palaemon elegans]]''
| valign=top | Contains 8 families and nearly 1,000 species.<ref name="Grave"/> The position of the family [[Typhlocarididae]] is unclear, although the monophyly of a group containing the remaining seven families is well supported.<ref name="Bracken"/>
|-
! [[Pandaloidea]]
| [[File:Heterocarpus ensifer.jpg|120px|Heterocarpus ensifer]]<br />''[[Heterocarpus ensifer]]''
| valign=top | Contains two families. The larger family [[Pandalidae]] has 23 genera and about 200 species, including some of commercial significance.<ref name="Grave"/>
|-
! [[Pasiphaeoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains one family with seven extant genera.<ref name="Grave"/>
|-
! [[Physetocaridoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains a single family with only one rare species, ''[[Physetocaris microphthalma]]''.<ref name="Grave"/> Adult ''Physetocaris microphthalma'' have no eyes, and cannot form a [[chela (organ)|claw]] because they are missing the last segment of the first [[pereiopod]]. They also have reduced [[gills]] and [[arthropod mouthparts|mouthparts]], and no [[exopod]]s on the pereiopods.<ref name="Bauer">{{cite book |author=Raymond T. Bauer |year=2004 |title=Remarkable Shrimps: Adaptations and Natural History of the Carideans |volume=7 |series=Animal natural history series |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |isbn=978-0-8061-3555-7 |chapter=Physetocarididae |pages=65–66 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8YHIsnod3EC&pg=PA66}}</ref> 
|-
! [[Processoidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains a single family comprising 65 species in 5 genera.<ref name="Grave"/> These small [[nocturnality|nocturnal]] shrimp live mostly in shallow seas, particularly on grass flats. The first [[pereiopod]]s are usually asymmetrical, with a claw on one but not the other. The [[rostrum (anatomy)|rostrum]] is generally a simple projection from the front of the [[carapace]], with two teeth, one at the tip, and one further back.<ref>{{cite journal |author=[[Raymond B. Manning]] & [[Fenner A. Chace Jr.]] |year=1971 |title=Shrimps of the family Processidae from the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) |journal=[[Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=89 |url=http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5650/2/SCtZ-0089-Lo_res.pdf |access-date=2012-09-01 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227003820/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5650/2/SCtZ-0089-Lo_res.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[Psalidopodoidea]]
| [[File:PsalidopusSpiniventrisRay.jpg|120px|Psalidopus huxleyi]]<br />''[[Psalidopus huxleyi]]''
| valign=top | Contains a single family comprising three species, one in the western [[Atlantic Ocean]], and two in the [[Indo-Pacific]].<ref name="Grave"/><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5470/1/SCtZ-0277-Lo_res.pdf |title=''Psalidopus'': the scissor-foot shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) |author=[[Fenner A. Chace Jr.]] & [[Lipke Holthuis]] |year=1978 |journal=[[Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=277 |issue=277 |pages=22 pp |doi=10.5479/si.00810282.277 |access-date=2012-09-01 |archive-date=2012-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227002508/http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5470/1/SCtZ-0277-Lo_res.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="tosaensis">{{cite journal |author1=Masahiro Toriyama |author2=Hiroshi Horikawa |year=1993 |journal=Bulletin of the Nansei National Fisheries Research Institute |volume=26 |pages=1–8 |title=A new caridean shrimp, ''Psalidopus tosaensis'', from Tosa Bay, Japan (Decapoda: Caridea, Psalidopodidae) |url=http://feis.fra.affrc.go.jp/publi/bull_nansei/bull_nansei2601.pdf}}</ref>

|-
! [[Stylodactyloidea]]
| 
| valign=top | Contains a single family made up of five genera.<ref name="Grave"/>
|}

==Fossil record==
The [[fossil record]] of the Caridean is sparse, with only 57 exclusively fossil species known.<ref name="Grave"/> The earliest of these cannot be assigned to any family, but date from the [[Lower Jurassic]] and [[Cretaceous]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://si-pddr.si.edu/dspace/bitstream/10088/5471/2/SCtZ-0131-Lo_res.pdf |title=Two new caridean shrimps, one representing a new family, from marine pools on Ascension Island (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia) |author=[[Fenner A. Chace Jr.]] & [[Raymond B. Manning]] |journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology |year=1972 |volume=131 |issue=131 |pages=18 pp |doi=10.5479/si.00810282.131}}</ref> A number of extinct genera cannot be placed in any superfamily:<ref name="Grave"/>
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
*''[[Acanthinopus]]'' <small>Pinna, 1974</small>
*''[[Alcmonacaris]]'' <small>Polz, 2009</small>
*''[[Bannikovia]]'' <small>Garassino & Teruzzi, 1996</small>
*''[[Blaculla]]'' <small>Münster, 1839</small>
*''[[Buergerocaris]]'' <small>Schweigert & Garassino, 2004</small>
*''[[Gampsurus]]'' <small>von der Marck, 1863</small>
*''[[Hefriga]]'' <small>Münster, 1839</small>
*''[[Leiothorax]]'' <small>Pinna, 1974</small>
*''[[Parvocaris]]'' <small>Bravi & Garassino, 1998</small>
*''[[Pinnacaris]]'' <small>Garassino & Teruzzi, 1993</small>
{{div col end}}

== See also  ==
* {{Portal-inline|Crustaceans}}
* [[Dendrobranchiata]]

==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Caridea}}
* {{Wikispecies-inline|Caridea}}

{{Decapoda}}
{{shrimps and prawns}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q80117}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Caridea| ]]
[[Category:Arthropod infraorders]]
[[Category:Commercial crustaceans]]
[[Category:Edible crustaceans]]
[[Category:Extant Early Jurassic first appearances]]
[[Category:Seafood]]
[[Category:Taxa named by James Dwight Dana]]

[[nrm:Chèrvette]]
[[simple:Shrimp]]