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{{Short description|American electronic music producer and DJ (born 1969)}} {{Other people||Carl Craig (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox musical artist | name = Carl Craig | image = File:Carl Craig decibel 2010 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Craig DJing in 2010 | birth_name = | alias = {{hlist|Psyche|BFC|69|Paperclip People|Innerzone Orchestra}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1969|5|22}} | birth_place = [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], U.S. | origin = | death_date = | death_place = | genre = {{hlist|[[Electronic music|Electronic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/carl-craig-2019-interview-2638135870.html|title=Detroit Love: An Interview with Electronic Music Pioneer Carl Craig|work=[[PopMatters]]|first=Mick|last=Jacobs|date=May 30, 2019|access-date=July 23, 2019}}</ref>|[[Detroit techno]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypages.com/music/detroit-techno-legend-carl-craig-discusses-his-remixing-rebirth-and-dj-roots/480373853|title=Detroit techno legend Carl Craig discusses his remixing rebirth and DJ roots|work=[[City Pages]]|first=Michaelangelo|last=Matos|date=April 20, 2018|access-date=July 23, 2019}}</ref>|[[ambient techno]]<ref name=allmusic/>|[[house music|house]]<ref name=allmusic/>|[[breakbeat]]<ref name=allmusic/>|[[classical music|classical]]<ref name=allmusic/>}} | occupation = {{hlist|Producer|DJ}} | instrument = | years_active = 1989–present | label = {{hlist|[[Planet E Communications|Planet E]]|[[Blanco y Negro Records|Blanco y Negro]]|[[Deutsche Grammophon]]|[[InFiné]]|[[Transmat]]|Retroactive}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Derrick May (musician)|Derrick May]]|[[Moritz Von Oswald]]|[[Green Velvet]]}} | website = {{URL|carlcraig.net}} }} '''Carl Craig''' (born May 22, 1969) is an American electronic music producer, DJ, and founder of the record label [[Planet E Communications]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.factmag.com/2011/02/08/carl-craig-once-upon-a-time-in-detroit/2/|title=Carl Craig: once upon a time in Detroit (page 2 of 3)|work=[[Fact (UK magazine)|Fact]]|first=Justin|last=Toland|date=February 8, 2011|access-date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> He is known as a leading figure and pioneer in the [[Detroit techno#Second wave|second wave]] of [[Detroit techno]] artists during the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref name=mixmag2017/><ref name=exclaim/><ref name=pitchfork/> He has recorded under his given name in addition to a variety of aliases, including '''Psyche''', '''BFC''', and '''Innerzone Orchestra'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/carl-craig-detroit-techno-tour/|title=Carl Craig Took Me on a Tour of Detroit's Most Sacred Techno Landmarks|work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|first=Michelle|last=Lhooq|date=July 28, 2016|access-date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> Craig's early releases were collected on the 1996 compilation ''[[Elements 1989-1990]]''. He has released several studio albums, beginning with ''Landcruising'' (1995). Craig has also remixed a variety of artists including [[Manuel Göttsching]], [[Basic Channel|Maurizio]], [[Theo Parrish]], [[Tori Amos]], and [[Depeche Mode]].<ref name=allmusic/> He was nominated for the 2008 [[Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical|Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording]] for his remix of the [[Junior Boys]] track "Like a Child."<ref name=residentadvisor/> He has released collaborative recordings with [[Moritz von Oswald]] (2008's ''Recomposed'') and [[Green Velvet]] (2015's ''Unity''). ==Early life== Carl Craig was born in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], on May 22, 1969.<ref name=exclaim>{{cite web|url=http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/multiarticlesub.aspx?csid2=9&fid1=29999&csid1=119|title=Carl Craig - Intergalactic Beats|work=[[Exclaim!]]|first=Dimitri|last=Nasrallah|date=March 2008|access-date=August 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420181350/http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/multiarticlesub.aspx?csid2=9&fid1=29999&csid1=119|archive-date=April 20, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> His mother was a teacher's assistant and his father was a post office worker.<ref name=pitchfork>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/5-10-15-20/9274-carl-craig/|title=Carl Craig|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|first=Larry|last=Fitzmaurice|date=December 4, 2013|access-date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> He attended [[Cooley High School]], where he developed an interest in music.<ref name=exclaim/> He learned to play guitar and later became interested in club music through his cousin Doug Craig, who worked lighting for Detroit area parties.<ref name=exclaim/> After hearing [[Derrick May (musician)|Derrick May]]'s radio show on [[WJLB]], Craig began experimenting with recording on a dual-deck cassette player.<ref name=exclaim/> Craig met someone who knew May and passed along a tape of some of his home studio productions.<ref name=exclaim/> ==Career== Since 1989, Craig has released many recordings under a large number of aliases, including Psyche, BFC, 69, Paperclip People, and Innerzone Orchestra.<ref name=exclaim/> Many of these early Psyche and BFC releases were collected on the 1996 compilation ''[[Elements 1989–1990]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.factmag.com/2012/11/19/planet-e-to-reissue-carl-craigs-juvenilia-collection-elements-1989-1990/|title=Planet E to reissue Carl Craig's juvenilia collection Elements 1989-1990|work=[[Fact (UK magazine)|Fact]]|date=November 19, 2012|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref> Craig founded his own record label called [[Planet E Communications]] in 1991.<ref name=pitchfork/> Since then, it has released records by other artists such as [[Kevin Saunderson]], [[Moodymann]], and [[Kenny Larkin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mixmag.net/read/detroit-love-lab-la-takeover-with-carl-craig-and-stacey-pullen-video|title=Detroit Love lab LA takeover with Carl Craig and Stacey Pullen|work=[[Mixmag]]|first=Carre|last=Orenstein|date=December 16, 2014|access-date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> His first studio album, ''Landcruising'', was released on [[Blanco y Negro Records]] in 1995.<ref name=exclaim/> In 1996, he released ''The Secret Tapes of Doctor Eich'' under the Paperclip People moniker.<ref name=redbull>{{cite web|url=https://www.redbull.com/au-en/5-albums-that-showcase-carl-craigs-versatility|title=5 albums that showcase Carl Craig's versatility|work=[[Red Bull]]|author=Cyclone|date=August 15, 2017|access-date=August 17, 2019}}</ref> In 1997, he released ''More Songs About Food and Revolutionary Art''.<ref name=redbull/> It was placed at number 29 on ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]''{{'}}s "50 Best IDM Albums of All Time" list.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/10011-the-50-best-idm-albums-of-all-time/?page=3|title=The 50 Best IDM Albums of All Time (page 3 of 5)|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|first=Nate|last=Patrin|date=January 24, 2017|access-date=August 17, 2019}}</ref> In 1999, he released ''[[Programmed (Innerzone Orchestra album)|Programmed]]'' under the Innerzone Orchestra moniker.<ref name=redbull/> Craig served as co-creator and artistic director for the [[Detroit Electronic Music Festival]] in 2000 and 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mixmag.net/feature/how-well-do-you-know-the-history-of-movement-detroit|title=How well do you know the history of Movement Detroit?|work=[[Mixmag]]|first=Carre|last=Orenstein|date=May 19, 2016|access-date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> His subsequent dismissal by festival organizers caused substantial controversy within the Detroit techno community, igniting a high-profile campaign in his favor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metrotimes.com/detroit/in-gratitude/Content?oid=2171285|title=In gratitude|work=[[Metro Times]]|date=June 6, 2001|access-date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> In 2001, he filed a breach-of-contract lawsuit against festival producer Pop Culture Media.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1443707/05142001/craig_carl.jhtml|title=Carl Craig Fires Back At Festival Organizers Who Fired Him|work=[[VH1]]|first=Eric|last=Schumacher-Rasmussen|date=May 14, 2001|access-date=November 14, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323222615/http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1443707/05142001/craig_carl.jhtml|archive-date=March 23, 2007}}</ref> He released a reworked version of ''Landcruising'', titled ''The Album Formerly Known As...'', in 2005.<ref name=villagevoice2017/> In 2008, he released a collaborative album with [[Moritz Von Oswald]], titled ''Recomposed'', on [[Deutsche Grammophon]].<ref name=villagevoice2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/07/20/carl-craigs-string-theory-the-detroit-house-pioneer-gets-orchestral/|title=Carl Craig's String Theory: The Detroit House Pioneer Gets Orchestral|work=[[The Village Voice]]|first=Milo|last=Miles|date=July 20, 2017|access-date=August 17, 2019}}</ref> He returned as artistic director for the 2010 Detroit Electronic Music Festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xlr8r.com/news/movement-carl-craig-is-back|title=Movement: Carl Craig is Back|work=[[XLR8R]]|first=Ken|last=Taylor|date=May 22, 2009|access-date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> In 2015, he released a collaborative album with [[Green Velvet]], titled ''Unity'', on Relief Records.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.residentadvisor.net/news/28882|title=Carl Craig and Green Velvet release surprise collaborative LP|work=[[Resident Advisor]]|first=Andrew|last=Ryce|date=March 25, 2015|access-date=August 17, 2019}}</ref> In 2017, he released ''[[Versus (Carl Craig album)|Versus]]'' on [[InFiné]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/versus/carl-craig|title=Versus by Carl Craig|work=[[Metacritic]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|access-date=August 17, 2019}}</ref> In 2020 Carl created ''Party/After-Party'', an immersive sound and light installation that premiered at [[Dia Beacon|Dia:Beacon]] before moving to [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles|MOCA]] in Los Angeles, finally becoming part of the permanent collections at Dia:Beacon.<ref name=papermag2020>{{cite web|url=https://www.papermag.com/carl-craig-dia-beaon-2645451204.html|title=Partying in the Basement of Dia Beacon With Carl Craig|work=[[Paper (magazine)|Paper]]|first=Jael|last=Goldfine|date=March 12, 2020|access-date=September 14, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Abascal |first=Lina |date=2023-04-13 |title=Don't expect a 'typical' club experience at techno fixture Carl Craig's new MOCA exhibit |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2023-04-13/carl-craig-detroit-techno-moca-los-angeles-exhibit |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> The culmination of a five-year-long engagement with Dia:Beacon,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.electronicbeats.net/carl-craig-dia-beacon-new-york/|title=Why Carl Craig at Dia:Beacon is a Groundbreaking Moment for American Art Institutions|work=[[Electronic Beats]]|first=Harley|last=Brown|date=August 10, 2020|access-date=September 14, 2020}}</ref> it was his first foray into the art world,<ref name=papermag2020/> fusing the legacies of Detroit techno with minimalist sound art.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Craig Brings "Party/After-Party" to MOCA - PAPER Magazine |url=https://www.papermag.com/carl-craig-party-afterparty-moca#rebelltitem3 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=www.papermag.com |language=en}}</ref> Craig described ''Party/After-Party'' as an entry point into his own mind and experiences as a techno musician.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=CULTURE SHOCK: Crashing The After-Party With Carl Craig |url=https://vmagazine.com/article/culture-shock-crashing-the-after-party-with-carl-craig/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=V Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Throughout 30 minute long immersive techno soundscapes, using beats never surpassing 100 BPM, viewers were sonically guided from party, to after party, to dawn, experiencing an evening from the perspective of the DJ, and illustrating the distinction between how Craig and the audience spend their nights once the club closes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carl Craig {{!}} Don't Wait For It |url=https://www.flaunt.com/post/carl-craig-the-critical-mass-issue |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=www.flaunt.com}}</ref> In 2023 the installation was brought to The Geffen Contemporary at MOCA, Los Angeles, where Insomniac and Secret Project collaborated with Craig to produce the ''Party/After-Party Sessions'', a series of three live concerts accompanying the exhibition, celebrating the legacy of techno music and platforming artists such as DJ Holographic, Felix Da Housecat, King Britt, Moodymann, and Kenny Larkin. <ref name=MOCA>{{cite web|url=https://www.moca.org/exhibition/carl-craig-party-after-party |title=Carl Craig: Party/After-Party |website=moca.org |date=2023 |access-date=2024-03-15}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> In 2021 Craig collaborated with [[Daniel Lee (designer)|Daniel Lee]], then Creative Director of the Italian couture house [[Bottega Veneta]], on their Salon O3 show- creating ''Runway'', a multi-floor experience at the Michigan Building Theater in Detroit, featuring site-specific sonic sculptures and light installations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-25 |title=Moodymann soundtracks Bottega Veneta fashion show in Detroit |url=https://djmag.com/news/moodymann-soundtracks-bottega-veneta-fashion-show-detroit |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=DJ Mag |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Westall |first=Mark |date=2023-03-09 |title=Moca presents Carl Craig: Party/After Party |url=https://fadmagazine.com/2023/03/09/moca-presents-carl-craig-party-after-party/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=FAD Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> Craig is the subject of a 2024 documentary titled ''‘Desire, the Carl Craig Story’'', directed by Jean-Cosme Delaloye, which had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York in June 2024. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Adam |title=Carl Craig on Movement, his new documentary and aging like Leonard Cohen |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/entertainment/music/2024/05/22/carl-craig-on-movement-his-new-documentary-aging-like-leonard-cohen/73684620007/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=The Detroit News |language=en-US}}</ref> Delaloye began shooting Craig at the Movement Festival in 2022, with the 90-minute feature following him all over the world, concluding in Los Angeles, where Craig inaugurated his ''Party/After Party'' multi-sensory exhibition at MOCA in April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2024-02-13 |title=Detroit Techno Music Producer Carl Craig Doc 'Desire,' From 'Harley' Director Jean-Cosme Delaloye, Wraps Production (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/detroit-techno-carl-craig-doc-desire-1235909068/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New documentary looking at life and career of Carl Craig to hit UK cinemas this spring |url=https://mixmag.net/read/new-documentary-life-career-detroit-techno-carl-craig-cinemas-uk-spring-news |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Mixmag}}</ref> The documentary is the story of Craig’s life, from his high school years, through his time coming up in Detroit in the wake of techno pioneers Derrick May, Kevin Saunderson and Juan Atkins, and as an artist devoted to perfecting his sound, with the story of Detroit’s decline and recovery as the backdrop.<ref name=":0" /> The film features insights from his family, and contributions from prominent DJs and Producers, including [[Laurent Garnier]], [[DJ Minx]], [[Moodymann]] and [[Gilles Peterson]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Desire: The Carl Craig Story |url=https://www.glasgowfilm.org/movie/desire-the-carl-craig-story/ |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=Glasgow Film Theatre}}</ref> ==Style and legacy== ''[[Mixmag]]'' called Carl Craig "a leading figure in [[Detroit techno]]'s second generation,"<ref name=mixmag2017>{{cite web|url=https://mixmag.net/feature/the-10-best-90s-techno-albums|title=The 10 best 90s techno albums|work=[[Mixmag]]|first=Patrick|last=Hinton|date=September 29, 2017|access-date=August 19, 2019}}</ref> while ''[[Exclaim!]]'' called him a "central figure" in the genre's second wave.<ref name=exclaim/> ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]'' described him as "techno pioneer."<ref name=pitchfork/> He has approached techno using inspiration from a wide range of musical genres, including [[soul music|soul]], [[jazz]], [[new wave music|new wave]], [[industrial music|industrial]], and [[krautrock]], while his works have spanned [[ambient techno]], [[breakbeat]], [[house music|house]], [[classical music|classical]], and [[modular synthesizer]]-based stylings.<ref name=allmusic>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/carl-craig-mn0000174035/biography|title=Carl Craig - Biography|website=[[AllMusic]]|first=John|last=Bush|access-date=November 6, 2015}}</ref> In a 2015 interview, he cited [[The Electrifying Mojo]], [[Prince (musician)|Prince]], [[Kraftwerk]], [[Juan Atkins]], and [[Jeff Mills]] as the major influences on his music.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.factmag.com/2015/02/19/watch-carl-craig-discuss-detroit-prince-biggest-influences/|title=Watch Carl Craig discuss Detroit, Prince and his biggest influences|work=[[Fact (UK magazine)|Fact]]|date=February 19, 2015|access-date=August 8, 2019}}</ref> Craig's 1992 track "Bug in the Bassbin", released under the Innerzone Orchestra moniker, was picked up by DJs such as [[4hero]], [[Goldie]], and [[J Majik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/carl-craig-and-innerzone-orchestra|title=Carl Craig and Innerzone Orchestra|work=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]|first=Tristan|last=Parker|date=November 2, 2009|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, DJs started playing the track at 45 [[revolutions per minute|rpm]] instead of the intended 33 rpm.<ref name=nowtoronto/> According to ''[[Now (newspaper)|Now]]'', the track "ended up providing inspiration and in many ways writing the blueprint for what [[drum 'n' bass]] was to become in England."<ref name=nowtoronto>{{cite web|url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/carl-craig/|title=Carl Craig|work=[[Now (newspaper)|Now]]|first=Benjamin|last=Boles|date=January 23, 2003|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref> According to ''Vinyl Me, Please'', Craig "managed to not only push the boundaries of Detroit techno, he also introduced an urgency and melodic richness to the sometimes navel-gazing world of [[intelligent dance music|IDM]]" with releases such as ''More Songs About Food and Revolutionary Art'' (1997).<ref>{{cite web |last1=McKenna |first1=Niall |title=A Carl Craig Primer |url=https://magazine.vinylmeplease.com/magazine/carl-craig-primer/ |website=Vinyl Me, Please |access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> ==Discography== <!-- See [[MOS:HEAD]]. --> ===Albums=== * ''Landcruising'' (1995) * ''The Secret Tapes of Doctor Eich'' (1996) {{small|(as Paperclip People)}} * ''More Songs About Food and Revolutionary Art'' (1997) * ''[[Programmed (Innerzone Orchestra album)|Programmed]]'' (1999) {{small|(as Innerzone Orchestra)}} * ''The Album Formerly Known As...'' (2005) * ''Recomposed'' (2008) {{small|(with [[Moritz von Oswald]])}} * ''Unity'' (2015) {{small|(with [[Green Velvet]])}} * ''[[Versus (Carl Craig album)|Versus]]'' (2017) ===Compilations=== * ''The Sound of Music'' (1995) {{small|(as 69)}} * ''[[Elements 1989-1990]]'' (1996) {{small|(as Psyche/BFC)}} * ''Designer Music V1'' (2000) * ''Abstract Funk Theory'' (2001) * ''From the Vault: Planet E Classics Collection Vol. 1'' (2006) * ''The Legendary Adventures of a Filter King'' (2009) {{small|(as 69)}} ===DJ Mixes=== * ''[[DJ-Kicks: Carl Craig]]'' (1996) * ''House Party 013: A Planet E Mix'' (1999) * ''Onsumothasheeat'' (2001) * ''The Workout'' (2002) * ''[[Fabric 25]]'' (2005) * ''The Kings of Techno'' (2006) {{small|(with [[Laurent Garnier]])}} * ''Sessions'' (2008) * ''Masterpiece'' (2013) * ''Detroit Love'' (2019) ===EPs=== * ''4 Jazz Funk Classics'' (1991) {{small|(as 69)}} * ''Sound on Sound'' (1993) {{small|(as 69)}} * ''Lite Music'' (1994) {{small|(as 69)}} * ''The Floor EP'' (1996) {{small|(as Paperclip People)}} * ''Just Another Day'' (2004) * ''Paris Live'' (2007) ===Singles=== * "Crackdown" (1990) {{small|(as Psyche)}} * "No More Words" (1991) * "Oscillator" (1991) {{small|(as Paperclip People)}} * "Jam the Box" (1994) {{small|(as 69)}} * "Throw" (1994) {{small|(as Paperclip People)}} * "The Climax" (1995) {{small|(as Paperclip People)}} * "Science Fiction" (1995) * "Bug in the Bass Bin" (1996) {{small|(as Innerzone Orchestra)}} * "Floor" (1996) {{small|(as Paperclip People)}} * "4 My Peepz" (1998) {{small|(as Paperclip People)}} * "People Make The World Go Round" (2000) {{small|(as Innerzone Orchestra)}} * "A Wonderful Life" / "As Time Goes By" (2002) * "Sparkle" / "Home Entertainment" (2005) * "Darkness" / "Angel" (2006) * "Sandstorms" (2017) ==Awards and nominations== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col"| Award ! scope="col"| Year of ceremony ! scope="col"| Nominee / work ! scope="col"| Category ! scope="col"| Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | [[Grammy Award]]s | [[50th Annual Grammy Awards|2008]] | [[Junior Boys]] "Like a Child (Carl Craig Remix)" | [[Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical|Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical]] | {{Nom}} | <ref name=residentadvisor>{{cite web|url=https://www.residentadvisor.net/news/8992|title=Carl Craig and Justice nominated for Grammys|work=[[Resident Advisor]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=August 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2008/01/11/carl-craigs-hard-earned-mastery/|title=Carl Craig's Hard-Earned Mastery|work=[[The Village Voice]]|first=Tom|last=Breihan|date=January 11, 2008|access-date=August 22, 2019}}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Carl Craig}} * {{Official website|carlcraig.net}} * {{Discogs artist|Carl Craig}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Craig, Carl}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:African-American DJs]] [[Category:American electronic musicians]] [[Category:American house musicians]] [[Category:American techno musicians]] [[Category:DJs from Detroit]] [[Category:Detroit techno]] [[Category:Universal Motown Records artists]] [[Category:American electronic dance music DJs]]
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