Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Carl Lewis
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
{{Short description|American track and field athlete (born 1961)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}} {{Infobox sportsperson | name = Carl Lewis | image = Carl Lewis (cropped).jpg | caption = Lewis in 2023 | full_name = Frederick Carlton Lewis<ref name=SR/> | nickname = Carl Lewis<ref name=SR/> | hometown = [[Willingboro Township, New Jersey|Willingboro, New Jersey]], U.S.<ref>[https://www.teamusa.com/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-members/carl-lewis Team USA | Carl Lewis]. ''Team USA''. Retrieved August 5, 2024.</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1961|7|1}}<ref name=SR/> | birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Birmingham, Alabama]], U.S.}}<ref name=SR/> | height = 6 ft 2 in<ref name=SR>{{cite Sports-Reference |title=Carl Lewis |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/le/carl-lewis-1.html |access-date=January 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026021043/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/le/carl-lewis-1.html |archive-date=October 26, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | weight = 176 lb<ref name=SR/> | pb = {{Unbulleted list |'''100 m''': 9.86 ([[Japan National Stadium|Tokyo]], 1991) |'''200 m''': 19.75 ([[Indianapolis, Indiana|Indianapolis]], 1983) |'''Long jump''': 8.87 (8.91* +2.3m/s wind) ([[Japan National Stadium|Tokyo]], 1991) }} | country = {{USA}} | sport = [[Track and field]] | event = [[100 meters]], [[200 meters]], [[long jump]], [[4 × 100 m relay]] | collegeteam = [[Houston Cougars]] | club = [[Santa Monica Track Club]] | retired = 1997 | show-medals = yes | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}} {{MedalCountry|the {{USA}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[International athletics championships and games|International athletics competitions]]}} {{MedalCount |[[Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] | 9 | 1 | 0 |[[IAAF World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]|8|1|1 |[[Pan American Games]]|2|0|1 |[[Goodwill Games]]|3|1|1 | total = yes }} {{MedalCount | [[100 m]] | 5|1|1 | [[200 m]] | 1|1|1 | [[4 × 100 m relay]] | 8|0|0 | [[Long jump]] | 8|1|1 }} {{MedalCompetition | Olympic Games }} [[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]] {{MedalGold | [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Los Angeles]] | [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres|100 m]] }} {{MedalGold | 1984 Los Angeles | [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 meters|200 m]] }} {{MedalGold | 1984 Los Angeles | [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalGold | 1984 Los Angeles | [[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|Long jump]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1988 Summer Olympics|1988 Seoul]] | [[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres|100 m]] }} {{MedalGold | 1988 Seoul | [[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|Long jump]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Barcelona]] | [[Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalGold | 1992 Barcelona | [[Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|Long jump]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Atlanta]] | [[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|Long jump]] }} {{MedalSilver | 1988 Seoul | [[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 meters|200 m]] }} {{MedalCompetition | [[IAAF World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1983 World Championships in Athletics|1983 Helsinki]] | [[1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 100 metres|100 m]] }} {{MedalGold | 1983 Helsinki|[[1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalGold | 1983 Helsinki|[[1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|Long jump]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1987 World Championships in Athletics|1987 Rome]] | [[1987 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 100 metres|100 m]] }} {{MedalGold | 1987 Rome|[[1987 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalGold | 1987 Rome|[[1987 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|Long jump]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1991 World Championships in Athletics|1991 Tokyo]] | [[1991 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 100 metres|100 m]] }} {{MedalGold | 1991 Tokyo|[[1991 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalSilver | 1991 Tokyo|[[1991 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|Long jump]] }} {{MedalBronze | [[1993 World Championships in Athletics|1993 Stuttgart]] | [[1993 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 200 metres|200 m]] }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Pan American Games]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1987 Pan American Games|1987 Indianapolis]] | [[Athletics at the 1987 Pan American Games|Long jump]] }} {{MedalGold | 1987 Indianapolis | [[Athletics at the 1987 Pan American Games|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalBronze | [[1979 Pan American Games|1979 San Juan]] | [[Athletics at the 1979 Pan American Games|Long jump]] }} {{MedalCompetition | [[Goodwill Games]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1986 Goodwill Games|1986 Moscow]] | [[Athletics at the 1986 Goodwill Games|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1990 Goodwill Games|1990 Seattle]] | [[Athletics at the 1990 Goodwill Games|Long jump]] }} {{MedalGold | [[1994 Goodwill Games|1994 Saint Petersburg]] | [[Athletics at the 1994 Goodwill Games|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalSilver | [[1990 Goodwill Games|1990 Seattle]] | [[Athletics at the 1990 Goodwill Games|100 m]] }} {{MedalBronze | [[1986 Goodwill Games|1986 Moscow]] | [[Athletics at the 1986 Goodwill Games|100 m]] }} {{MedalCompetition | [[1980 Olympic boycott|Olympic Boycott Games]] }} {{MedalGold | [[Liberty Bell Classic|1980 Philadelphia]] | [[Athletics at the 1980 Olympic Boycott Games|4 × 100 m relay]] }} {{MedalBronze | [[Liberty Bell Classic|1980 Philadelphia]] | [[Athletics at the 1980 Olympic Boycott Games|Long jump]] }} }} '''Frederick Carlton Lewis''' (born July 1, 1961) is an American former [[track and field]] athlete who won nine [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medals, one Olympic silver medal, and 10 [[World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] medals, including eight gold. Lewis was a dominant sprinter and long jumper whose career spanned from 1979 to 1996, when he last won the Olympic long jump. He is one of six athletes to [[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event|win gold in the same individual event]] in four consecutive Olympic Games, and is one of two people to win gold in the same individual athletics event in four Olympic Games, along with USA discus thrower [[Al Oerter]]. He is the head track and field coach for the [[University of Houston]]. Lewis topped the world rankings in the [[100 meters|100 m]], [[200 meters|200 m]] and [[long jump]] events frequently from 1981 to the early 1990s. He set [[List of world records in athletics|world records]] in the 100 m, [[4 × 100 meters relay|4 × 100 m]] and [[4 × 200 meters relay|4 × 200 m relays]], while his [[World records in athletics#Indoor world records|world record]] in the indoor long jump has stood since 1984. His 65 consecutive victories in the long jump over a span of ten years is one of the sport's longest undefeated streaks. Lewis broke 10 seconds for the 100 meters fifteen times and 20 seconds for the 200 meters ten times. He also long jumped over {{convert|8.53|m|0}} 71 times. His accomplishments have led to numerous accolades, including being voted "World Athlete of the Century" by the [[International Association of Athletics Federations]], "Sportsman of the Century" by the [[International Olympic Committee]], "Olympian of the Century" by ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' and "Athlete of the Year" by ''[[Track & Field News]]'' in 1982, 1983, and 1984. After retiring from athletics, Lewis became an actor and has appeared in a number of films. In 2011, he attempted to run for a seat as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] in the [[New Jersey Senate]], but was removed from the ballot due to the state's residency requirement. Lewis owns a marketing and branding company named C.L.E.G., which markets and brands products and services including his own. ==Athletic career== ===Fame as a competitive athlete=== [[File:Carl Lewis as a University of Houston athlete.jpg|thumb|Lewis performing the [[long jump]] as a [[Houston Cougars|University of Houston]] college athlete]] Frederick Carlton Lewis was born in [[Birmingham, Alabama]], on July 1, 1961, the son of William Lewis (1927–1987)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/07/obituaries/william-lewis-track-coach-and-father-of-olympic-star.html |title=William Lewis, Track Coach and Father of Olympic Star |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |date=May 7, 1987 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> and [[Evelyn Lawler|Evelyn née Lawler Lewis]]. His mother was a hurdler on the 1951 Pan-Am team.<ref name=TFNInterview>{{cite news |last1=Gleason |first1=David |title=T&FN Interview: Carl Lewis |url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/tfn_pdfs/Interviews/Carl%20Lewis.pdf |access-date=January 15, 2015 |work=Track & Field News |date=December 1980}}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> His elder brother [[Cleveland Lewis]] played professional soccer for the [[Memphis Rogues]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Amdur |first=Neil |title=Jersey Siblings Rival the Best in Track and Field |date=February 12, 1981 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/12/sports/jersey-siblings-rival-the-best-in-track-and-field.html |access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> His parents ran a local athletics club that provided a crucial influence on both him and his sister, [[Carol Lewis|Carol]].<ref name=dadobit/> She became an elite long jumper, finishing ninth at the 1984 Olympics and taking bronze at the 1983 World Championships.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/results/women/long-jump/final/series |title=Long Jump Result – 1st IAAF World Championships in Athletics|website=iaaf.org |access-date=August 9, 2018 |archive-date=August 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809121749/https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/results/women/long-jump/final/series |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lewis was initially coached by his father, who also coached other local athletes to elite status.<ref name=dadobit>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/07/obituaries/william-lewis-track-coach-and-father-of-olympic-star.html?pagewanted=print |title=William Lewis, Track Coach and Father of Olympic Star |date=May 7, 1987 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=January 30, 2009 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> At age 13, Lewis began competing in the long jump, and he emerged as a promising athlete while coached by Andy Dudek and Paul Minore at [[Willingboro High School]] in his hometown of [[Willingboro Township, New Jersey]].<ref name=TFNInterview/><ref>{{cite news |last=Strauss |first=Robert |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/02/nyregion/worth-noting-carl-lewis-takes-honors-but-not-at-his-home-track.html |title=WORTH NOTING; Carl Lewis Takes Honors, But Not at His Home Track |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 2, 2001 |access-date=March 31, 2008}}</ref> He achieved the ranking of fourth on the all-time World Junior list of long jumpers.<ref name=TFNInterview/> Many colleges tried to recruit Lewis, and he chose to enroll at the [[University of Houston]] where Tom Tellez was coach. Tellez would thereafter remain Lewis's coach for his entire career. Days after graduating from high school in 1979, Lewis broke the high school long jump record with a leap of {{T&Fcalc|8.13}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/index.php/category-stats/2098-t-fn-boys-long-jump-all-americas |title=T&FN Boys' Long Jump All-Americas |work=trackandfieldnews.com |access-date=June 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610180436/http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/index.php/category-stats/2098-t-fn-boys-long-jump-all-americas |archive-date=June 10, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> By the end of 1979, Lewis was ranked fifth in the world for the long jump, according to ''Track and Field News''.<ref name=ljworldrank>{{cite web |title=Men's World Rankings by Athlete: Long Jump |url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/Rankings/16-mljbyathlete.pdf |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6XO7fgZrR?url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/Rankings/16-mljbyathlete.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |website=trackandfieldnews.com |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref> An old knee injury had flared up again at the end of the high school year, and this might have had consequences on his fitness. Lewis worked with Tellez and adapted his technique so that he was able to jump without pain, and he went on to win the 1980 [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) title with a wind-assisted jump of {{T&Fcalc|8.35}}.<ref name=TFNInterview/> Though his focus was on the long jump, he was now starting to emerge as a talent in the sprints. Comparisons were beginning to be made with [[Jesse Owens]], who dominated sprint and long jump events in the 1930s. Lewis qualified for the American team for the [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Olympics]] in the long jump and as a member of the 4 × 100 m relay team.<ref name=TFNInterview/> The [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|Olympic boycott]] precluded Lewis from competing in Moscow, Russia; he instead participated in the [[Liberty Bell Classic]] in July 1980, which was an alternate meet for boycotting nations. He jumped {{T&Fcalc|7.77}} for a bronze medal, and the American 4 × 100 m relay team won gold with a time of 38.61 s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/obg.htm |title=Olympic Boycott Games |work=gbrathletics.com}}</ref> He received one of 461 [[List of Congressional Gold Medal recipients|Congressional Gold Medal]]s created specifically for the athletes on the 1980 U.S. Summer Olympics team.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Caroccioli |first1=Tom |last2=Caroccioli |first2=Jerry |title=Boycott: Stolen Dreams of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games |year=2008 |publisher=New Chapter Press |location=Highland Park, Illinois |isbn=978-0-942257-40-3 |pages=243–253}}</ref> At year's end, he was ranked sixth in the world in the long jump and seventh in the 100 m.<ref name=ljworldrank/><ref name=100worldrank>{{cite web |title=World Rankings by Athlete: 100m |url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/Rankings/01-m100byathlete.pdf |website=trackandfieldnews.com |access-date=January 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6XO7fh65y?url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/Rankings/01-m100byathlete.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> ===Breakthrough in 1981 and 1982=== At the start of 1981, Lewis's best legal long jump was his high school record from 1979. On June 20, Lewis improved his personal best by almost half a meter by leaping {{T&Fcalc|8.62}} at the [[USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships|TAC Championships]] while still a teenager.<ref>''Track and Field News'', January 1982; vol. 34, #12, p. 46</ref> While marks set at the thinner air of high altitude are eligible for world records,<ref name=altitude>{{cite web |url=http://www.weeklyscientist.com/ws/articles/records.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050129134221/http://www.weeklyscientist.com/ws/articles/records.htm |archive-date=January 29, 2005 |title=Olympic world records may be wrong |publisher=Weeklyscientist.com |access-date=June 9, 2015}}</ref> Lewis was determined to set his records at sea level. In response to a question about his skipping a 1982 long jump competition at altitude, he said, "I want the record and I plan to get it, but not at altitude. I don't want that '(A)' [for altitude] after the mark."<ref>''Track and Field News'', July 1982, vol. 35 #6, p. 61</ref> When he gained prominence in the early 1980s, all the extant men's 100 m and 200 m records and the long jump record had been set at the [[1968 in athletics#Altitude|high altitude]] of [[Mexico City]].<ref name=altitude/> Also in 1981, Lewis became the fastest 100 m sprinter in the world. His relatively modest best from 1979 (10.67 s) improved to a world-class 10.21 the next year. But 1981 saw him run 10.00 s at the Southwest Conference Championships in Dallas on May 16, a time that was the third-fastest in history and stood as the low-altitude record.<ref>''Track and Field News'', July 1981, vol. 34 #6, p. 12</ref> For the first time, Lewis was ranked number one in the world, in both the 100 m and the long jump. He won his first national titles in the 100 m and long jump. Additionally, he won the [[James E. Sullivan Award]] as the top amateur athlete in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aausullivan.org/winners_1981.html |title=The Sullivan Award Winner |publisher=Aausullivan.org |date=July 1, 1961 |access-date=April 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404031851/http://www.aausullivan.org/winners_1981.html |archive-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref> In 1982, Lewis continued his dominance, and for the first time it seemed someone might challenge [[Bob Beamon]]'s world record of {{T&Fcalc|8.90}} in the long jump set at the [[1968 Summer Olympics|1968 Olympics]], a mark often described as one of the greatest athletic achievements ever.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/sportscentury/features/00014092.html |title=Beamon made sport's greatest leap |publisher=Espn.go.com |access-date=April 11, 2012}}</ref> Before Lewis, {{T&Fcalc2|28|0}} had been exceeded on two occasions by two people: Beamon and [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Olympic]] champion [[Lutz Dombrowski]]. During 1982, Lewis cleared {{T&Fcalc2|28|0}} five times outdoors, twice more indoors, going as far as {{T&Fcalc|8.76}} at Indianapolis on July 24.<ref>''Track and Field News'', January 1983, vol. 35 #12, p. 45</ref> He also ran 10.00 s in the 100 m, the world's fastest time, matching his low-altitude record from 1981. He achieved his 10.00 s clocking the same weekend he leapt {{T&Fcalc|8.61}} twice, and the day he recorded his new low-altitude record {{T&Fcalc|8.76}} at [[Indianapolis]], he had three fouls with his toe barely over the board, two of which seemed to exceed Beamon's record, the third which several observers said reached {{T&Fcalc2|30|0}}. Lewis said he should have been credited with that jump, claiming the track officials misinterpreted the rules on fouls.<ref>''Track and Field News'', August 1982, vol. 35, #6, p.28–29</ref> He repeated his number one ranking in the 100 m and long jump, and ranked number six in the 200 m. Additionally, he was named Athlete of the Year by ''Track and Field News''. From 1981 until 1992, Lewis topped the 100 m ranking six times (seven if [[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]]'s 1987 top ranking is ignored), and ranked no lower than third.<ref name=100worldrank/> His dominance in the long jump was even greater, as he topped the rankings nine times during the same period, and ranked second in the other years.<ref name=ljworldrank/> ===1983 and the inaugural World Championships=== The [[International Association of Athletics Federations]] (IAAF), the governing body of track and field, organized the first [[IAAF World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] in 1983. Lewis' chief rival in the long jump was predicted to be the man who last beat him: Larry Myricks. But though Myricks had joined Lewis in surpassing {{T&Fcalc2|28|0}} the year before, he failed to qualify for the American team, and Lewis won at Helsinki with relative ease. His winning leap of {{T&Fcalc|8.55}} defeated silver medalist Jason Grimes by {{T&Fcalc|0.26}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=1st IAAF World Championships in Athletics > Long Jump – men > Final |url=http://www.iaaf.org/results/iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics/1983/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/men/long-jump/final/result |publisher=IAAF |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref> He also won the 100 m with relative ease. There, [[Calvin Smith]] who had earlier that year set a new world record in the 100 m at altitude with a 9.93 s performance, was soundly beaten by Lewis 10.07 s to 10.21 s.<ref>{{cite web |title=100 Metres Men: 1st IAAF World Championships in Athletics |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/results/men/100-metres/final/result |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702074212/http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/results/men/100-metres/final/result |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 2, 2013 |publisher=IAAF |access-date=July 15, 2017}}</ref> Smith won the 200 m title,<ref>{{cite web |title=200 Metres Men: 1st IAAF World Championships in Athletics |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/results/men/200-metres/final/result |publisher=IAAF |access-date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324024100/http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/results/men/200-metres/final/result |url-status=dead}}</ref> an event which Lewis had not entered, but even there he was partly in Lewis' shadow as Lewis had set an American record in that event earlier that year. He won the 200 m on June 19 at the TAC/Mobil Championships in 19.75 s, the second-fastest time in history and the low-altitude record, only 0.03 s behind [[Pietro Mennea]]'s 1979 mark. Observers here noted that Lewis probably could have broken the world record if he did not ease off in the final meters to raise his arms in celebration.<ref name="Field News' 1983, p.4, 9">''Track and Field News'' August 1983, vol. 36, #7, p.4, 9</ref><ref>{{YouTube|OQ4CNxujGO4|See the end of the race in this video}}</ref> Finally, Lewis ran the [[anchor leg|anchor]] in the 4 × 100 m relay, winning in 37.86 s, a new world record and the first in Lewis' career.<ref>{{cite web |title=4x100 Metres Relay Men: 1st IAAF World Championships in Athletics |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/results/men/4x100-metres-relay/final/result |publisher=IAAF |access-date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829201238/https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/1st-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-3/results/men/4x100-metres-relay/final/result |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lewis' year-best performances in the 100 m and long jump were not at the World Championships, but at other meets. He became the first person to run a sub-10 second 100 m at low-altitude with a 9.97 s in [[Modesto, California|Modesto]] on May 14.<ref>''Track and Field News'', June 1983, vol. 36 #5, p. 6,7</ref><ref>''Track and Field News'', January 1984, vol. 36 #12, p. 22</ref> His gold at the World Championships and his other fast times earned him the number one ranking in the world that year, despite Calvin Smith's world record. At the TAC Championships on June 19, he set a new low-altitude record in the long jump, {{T&Fcalc|8.79}}<ref name="Field News' 1983, p.4, 9"/> and earned the world number one ranking in that event.<ref>''Track and Field News'', January 1984, vol. 36 #12, p. 48</ref> ''Track and Field News'' ranked him number two in the 200 m, despite his low-altitude record of 19.75 s, behind Smith, who had won gold at Helsinki.<ref name="200mranking">{{cite web |url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/Rankings/02-m200rank.pdf |title=World Rankings — Men's 200 |work=trackandfieldnews.com |access-date=June 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQLm1YuH?url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/Rankings/02-m200rank.pdf |archive-date=June 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Lewis was again named Athlete of the Year by the magazine.<ref name="AOTY">{{cite web |url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/tfn_pdfs/mworldaoys.pdf |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQLm1NtP?url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/tfn_pdfs/mworldaoys.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 20, 2015 |title=T&FN's WORLD MEN'S ATHLETES OF THE YEAR |access-date=June 10, 2015}}</ref> ===1984 Summer Olympics: emulating Jesse Owens=== [[File:Carl Lewis.jpg|thumb|Lewis sprinting at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]]]] At the [[1984 Summer Olympics|1984 Olympic Games]] in [[Los Angeles]], Lewis was entered into four events with realistic prospects of winning each of them and thereby matching the achievement of [[Jesse Owens]] at the [[1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Games]] in Berlin.<ref name="olympic.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/news/lewis-matches-owens-feat-with-gold-glut/202883 |title=Carl Lewis – 100m |work=olympic.org}}</ref> Lewis started his quest to match Owens with a convincing win in the 100 m, running 9.99 s to defeat his nearest competitor, fellow American [[Sam Graddy]], by 0.2 s. In his next event, the long jump, Lewis won with relative ease. His behavior in winning this event stoked controversy, even as knowledgeable observers agreed that his tactics were correct.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Track and Field News |date=September 1984 |volume=37 |number=8 |page=47 |url=http://trackandfieldnews.com/index.php/category-covers/107-past-covers-1984 |title=Carl Lewis. New Gold Miner |access-date=February 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216205342/http://trackandfieldnews.com/index.php/category-covers/107-past-covers-1984 |archive-date=February 16, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Since Lewis still had heats and finals in the 200 m and the 4 × 100 m relay to compete in, he chose to take as few jumps as necessary to win the event. He risked injury in the cool conditions of the day if he over-extended himself, and his ultimate goal to win four golds might be at risk. He knew that his first jump at {{T&Fcalc|8.54}} was sufficient to win the event. He fouled on his next jump and then passed on his remaining four allotted jumps. Lewis easily won gold, and [[Gary Honey]] of Australia settled for the silver medal with a jump of {{T&Fcalc|8.24}}. The public was generally unaware of the intricacies of the sport and had been repeatedly told by the media of Lewis's quest to surpass Bob Beamon's legendary long jump record of {{T&Fcalc|8.90}}. Lewis himself had often stated it was a goal of his to surpass the mark. A television advertisement with Beamon appeared before the final, featuring the record-holder saying, "I hope you make it, kid."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/09/arts/tv-review-abc-s-coverage-of-the-olympics.html?&pagewanted=print |title=TV Review; ABC'S Coverage of the Olympics |date=August 9, 1984 |last=Corry |first=John |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> So, when Lewis decided not to make any more attempts to try to break the record, he was loudly booed. When asked about those boos, Lewis said, "I was shocked at first. But after I thought about it, I realized that they were booing because they wanted to see more of Carl Lewis. I guess that's flattering."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatf.com/athletes/bios/TrackAndFieldArchive/1997/lewis.asp |title=Carl Lewis |work=usatf.com |access-date=April 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205060538/http://www.usatf.com/athletes/bios/TrackAndFieldArchive/1997/lewis.asp |archive-date=February 5, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> His third gold medal came in the 200 m, where he won with a time of 19.80 s, a new Olympic record and the third fastest time in history. Finally, he won his fourth gold in the 4 × 100 m relay when he anchored the final leg of the race; he broke the tape with a time of 37.83 s, setting a new world record.<ref name="olympic.org"/> ====Lack of endorsements and public perception==== Although Lewis had achieved what he had set out to do, matching Jesse Owens' feat of winning four gold medals in the same events at a single Olympic Games, he did not receive the lucrative endorsement offers that he had expected. The long jump controversy was one reason and his self-congratulatory conduct did not impress several other track stars.<ref name="golden">{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/classic/biography/s/Lewis_Carl.html |title=ESPN Classic – King Carl had long, golden reign |publisher=Espn.go.com |access-date=April 11, 2012}}</ref> Further, Lewis's agent Joe Douglas compared him to pop star [[Michael Jackson]], a comparison which did not go over well. Douglas said he was inaccurately quoted, but the impression that Lewis was aloof and egotistical was firmly planted in the public's perception by the end of the 1984 Olympic Games.<ref name="NYTimes9E03">{{Cite news|last=Gabriel|first=Trip|date=1992-07-19|title=The Runner Stumbles|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/19/magazine/the-runner-stumbles.html|access-date=2023-02-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Additionally, rumors circulated at that time that Lewis was gay. Although he denied the rumors, it likely hurt his marketability.<ref>{{cite news | last=Burgess | first=Charles | title=From the archive, 11 August 1984: Daley Thompson causes furore at LA Olympics | date=August 11, 2014 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/aug/11/daley-thompson-olympics-la-1984 | work=theguardian.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Geringer | first=Dan | title=A Better Deal This Time? Carl Lewis Hopes to Add to His 1984 Haul of Four Gold Medals while Shucking the Image Problems that Reduced His Market Value | date=September 14, 1988 | url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1988/09/14/a-better-deal-this-time-carl-lewis-hopes-to-add-to-his-1984-haul-of-four-gold-medals-while-shucking-the-image-problems-that-reduced-his-market-value | work=si.com }}</ref> Lewis' physical appearance at the Games, with a [[flattop]] haircut and flamboyant clothing, added fuel to the reports.<ref>{{cite news | last=Fachet | first=Robert | title=YOU'D RUN TOO IF YOU SAW CARL LEWIS IN HEELS | date=April 14, 1994 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1994/04/15/youd-run-too-if-you-saw-carl-lewis-in-heels/337c7a1b-285f-4724-941e-fe3c83374253/ | work=washingtonpost.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Power Is Nothing Without Control: 2018 Annual Report | access-date=January 2, 2025 | url=https://corporate.pirelli.com/corporate/en-ww/investors/the-editorial-project | work=pirelli.com }}</ref> "It doesn't matter what Carl Lewis' sexuality is", high jumper [[Dwight Stones]] said. "[[Madison Avenue#Role in advertising industry|Madison Avenue]] perceives him as homosexual."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apse.dallasnews.com/contest1999/writing/40-100.anastasia1.html |title=APSE | Associated Press Sports Editors |publisher=Apse.dallasnews.com |date=January 1, 1996 |access-date=April 11, 2012 |work=The Dallas Morning News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330025946/http://apse.dallasnews.com/contest1999/writing/40-100.anastasia1.html |archive-date=March 30, 2012 |df=mdy}}</ref> [[Coca-Cola]] had offered a lucrative deal to Lewis before the Olympics, but Lewis and Douglas turned it down, confident that Lewis would be worth more after the Olympics. But Coca-Cola rescinded the offer after the Games. [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] already had Lewis under contract for several years, despite questions about how it affected his amateur status, and he was appearing in Nike television advertisements in print and on billboards. Nike was faced with Lewis's new negative image and dropped him after the Games. "If you're a male athlete, I think the American public wants you to look macho", said Don Coleman, a Nike representative.<ref name="NYTimes9E03" /> "They started looking for ways to get rid of me", Lewis said. "Everyone there was so scared and so cynical they did not know what to do." Lewis and Nike eventually did split, and Lewis signed an endorsement deal with [[Mizuno Corp.|Mizuno]]. Lewis himself would lay the blame on some inaccurate reporting, especially the "Carl bashing", as he put it, typified by a ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' article before the Olympics.<ref name="NYTimes9E03"/> At year's end, Lewis was again awarded the top rankings in the 100 m and the long jump and was additionally ranked number one in the 200 m, and for the third year in a row he was awarded the Athlete of the Year title by ''[[Track & Field News]]''. The [[Chicago Bulls]] drafted Lewis in the [[1984 NBA draft]] as the 208th overall pick, although he had played neither high school nor college basketball. Lewis never played in the NBA. A poll on the NBA's website ranked Lewis second to [[Lusia Harris]], the only woman to be drafted by the NBA, as the most unusual pick in the history of the NBA Draft. Ron Weiss, the head West Coast scout of the Bulls, and Ken Passon, the assistant West Coast scout, recommended Lewis because he was the best athlete available.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nba.com/jsp/TrivialPollResult.jsp?pollId=4446&team=&showResult=true&title=&useFrag=false&refresh=true |title=Poll Result Display |work=Nba.com |access-date=April 11, 2012}}</ref> Similarly, Lewis was drafted by the [[Dallas Cowboys]] as a wide receiver in the 12th round of the [[1984 NFL draft]], even though he did not play football in college. He never played in the NFL either.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/draft/history/fulldraft?season=1984#round12 |title=NFL Draft History: Full Draft |work=Nfl.com |access-date=April 11, 2012 |archive-date=January 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121171752/http://www.nfl.com/draft/history/fulldraft?season=1984#round12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Ben Johnson and the 1987 World Championships=== After the 1984 Olympics, Lewis continued to dominate track and field, especially in the long jump, in which he would remain undefeated for the next seven years, but others started to challenge his dominance in the 100 m sprint. His low-altitude record had been surpassed by fellow American [[Mel Lattany]] with a time of 9.96 s shortly before the 1984 Olympics,<ref>''Track and Field News'', January/February 1986, vol. 39 #1–2, p. 14</ref> but his biggest challenger would prove to be Canadian [[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]], the bronze medalist behind Lewis at the 1984 Olympics. Johnson would beat Lewis once in 1985, but Lewis also lost to others, while winning most of his races. Lewis retained his number one rank that year; Johnson would place second.<ref name=100worldrank/> In 1986, Johnson defeated Lewis convincingly at the [[Goodwill Games]] in Moscow, clocking a new low-altitude record of 9.95 s. At year's end, Johnson was ranked number one, while Lewis slipped to number three, having lost more races than he won. He even seemed vulnerable in the long jump, an event he did not lose in 1986, or the year before, though he competed sparingly. Lewis ended up ranked second behind Soviet [[Robert Emmiyan]], who had the longest legal jump of the year at {{T&Fcalc|8.61}}.<ref name=ljworldrank/> At the [[1987 World Championships in Athletics]] in Rome, Lewis skipped the 200 m to focus on his strongest event, the long jump, and made sure to take all his attempts. This was not to answer critics from the 1984 long jump controversy; this was because history's second 29 ft long-jumper was in the field: Robert Emmiyan leapt {{T&Fcalc|8.86}} at altitude in May, just 4 cm short of Bob Beamon's record.<ref>''Track and Field News'', July 1987, vol. 40 #7, p. 34</ref> But Emmiyan's best that day was a leap of {{T&Fcalc|8.53}}, second to Lewis' {{T&Fcalc|8.67}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=2nd IAAF World Championships in Athletics > Long Jump – men > Final result |url=http://www.iaaf.org/results/iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics/1987/2nd-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-4/men/long-jump/final/result |publisher=IAAF |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref> Lewis cleared {{T&Fcalc|8.60}} four times. In the 4 × 100 m relay, Lewis anchored the gold-medal team to a time of 37.90 s, the third-fastest of all time.<ref>{{cite web |title=4x100 Metres Relay Men: 2nd IAAF World Championships in Athletics |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/2nd-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-4/results/men/4x100-metres-relay/final/result |publisher=IAAF |access-date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829201009/https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/2nd-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-4/results/men/4x100-metres-relay/final/result |url-status=dead}}</ref> The 100 m final was the most talked about event and caused the most drama. Johnson had run under 10.00 s three times in the year before Rome,<ref>''Track and Field News'', January 1988, vol. 41, #1, p. 20</ref> while Lewis had not managed to get under the 10.00 s barrier at all. Lewis looked strong in the heats of the 100 m, setting a Championship record in the semi-final while running into a wind with a 10.03 s effort.<ref>{{cite web |title=100 Metres Men: 2nd IAAF World Championships in Athletics |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/2nd-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-4/results/men/100-metres/semi-final/result |publisher=IAAF |access-date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=March 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321093229/https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/2nd-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-4/results/men/100-metres/semi-final/result |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the final, however, Johnson won with a time that stunned observers: 9.83 s, a new world record. Lewis, second with 9.93 s, had tied the existing world record, but that was insufficient.<ref>''Track and Field News'', November 1987, vol. 40 #11, p. 9</ref> While Johnson basked in the glory of his achievement, Lewis started to explain away his defeat. He first claimed that Johnson had false-started, then he alluded to a stomach virus that had weakened him, and finally, without naming names, said "There are a lot of people coming out of nowhere. I don't think they are doing it without drugs." He added, "I could run 9.8 or faster in the 100 if I could jump into drugs right away."<ref name="autogenerated3">''Track and Field News'', December 1987, vol. 40, #12, p. 28</ref> This was the start of Lewis's calling on the sport of track and field to eliminate the illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. His detractors noted that the problem had been in the sport for many years, and it only became a cause for Lewis once he was actually defeated. In response to the accusations, Johnson replied "When Carl Lewis was winning everything, I never said a word against him. And when the next guy comes along and beats me, I won't complain about that either".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,9080-825664,00.html |title=Ambition naivety and tantalising prospect of inheriting the world |work=The Times |date=September 22, 2003 |access-date=April 28, 2010 |last=Slot |first=Owen |location=London}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> ===1988 Summer Olympics=== Lewis not only lost the most publicized showdown in track and field in 1987, he also lost his father. When William Lewis died of cancer at age 60, Lewis placed the gold medal he won for the 100 m in 1984 in his hand to be buried with him. "Don't worry", he told his mother. "I'll get another one."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/classic/s/lewiscarladd.html |title=ESPN Classic – More Info on Carl Lewis |publisher=Espn.go.com |date=November 19, 2003 |access-date=April 11, 2012}}</ref> Lewis repeatedly referred to his father as a motivating factor for the 1988 season. "A lot happened to me last year, especially the death of my father. That caused me to re-educate myself to being the very best I possibly can be this season", he said, after defeating Johnson in Zürich on August 17.<ref>''Track and Field News'', October 1988, vol. 41, #10, p. 25</ref> At the [[1988 United States Olympic trials (track and field)|Olympic trials in Indianapolis]], Lewis won the 100 m finals in 9.78 s, which appeared to be a new world record. However, the race was determined to have been wind-aided, so the record did not count.<ref>{{cite news | last=Fachet | first=Robert | title=LEWIS' 28-9 EDGES MYRICKS IN OLYMPIC TRIALS LONG JUMP | date=July 19, 1988 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1988/07/19/lewis-28-9-edges-myricks-in-olympic-trials-long-jump/8a30e755-fe97-410a-962b-2d32399aab84/ | work=washingtonpost.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=1988 | access-date=December 30, 2024 | url=https://trackandfieldnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/1988.pdf | work=trackandfieldnews.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media | date=July 27, 2018 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytvmcP6py_Q | title=Carl Lewis - Men's 100m - 1988 U.S. Olympic Trials | time=10:12 | via=YouTube }}</ref> The [[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 meters|100 m final]] at the [[1988 Summer Olympics]] was one of the most sensational sports stories of the year and its unexpected outcome would rank as one of the most infamous sports stories of the century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sptimes.com/sports100/index.shtml |title=St. Petersburg Times: Top 100 sports stories |publisher=Sptimes.com |date=April 30, 1993 |access-date=April 11, 2012}}</ref> In the Olympic finals, Johnson won in 9.79 s, a new world record, while Lewis set a new American record with 9.92 s. Three days later, Johnson tested positive for steroids, his medal was taken away and Lewis was awarded gold and credited with a new Olympic record.<ref>''Track and Field News'', November 1988, vol. 41 #11, p. 10–11</ref> In the long jump, [[Robert Emmiyan]] withdrew from the competition citing an injury, and Lewis's main challengers were rising American long jump star [[Mike Powell (athlete)|Mike Powell]] and long-time rival Larry Myricks. Lewis leapt {{T&Fcalc|8.72}}, a low-altitude Olympic best, and none of his competitors could match it. The Americans swept the medals in the event for the first time in 84 years. In the 200 m, Lewis dipped under his Olympic record from 1984, running 19.79 s, but did so in second place to [[Joe DeLoach]], who claimed the new record and Olympic gold in 19.75 s. In the final event he entered, the 4 × 100 m relay, Lewis never made it to the track as the Americans fumbled an exchange in a heat and were disqualified.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/gamesandsportsummary/?sport=32588&games=1988%2f1&event=32568 |title=Athletics Results – Seoul 1988 – Olympic Medals |work=olympic.org}}</ref> A subsequent honor would follow: Lewis eventually was credited with the 100 m world record for the 9.92 s he ran in Seoul. Though Ben Johnson's 9.79 s time was never ratified as a world record, the 9.83 s he ran the year before was. However, in the fallout to the steroid scandal, an inquiry was called in Canada wherein Johnson admitted under oath to long-time steroid use. The [[IAAF]] subsequently stripped Johnson of his record and gold medal from the World Championships. Lewis was deemed to be the world record holder for his 1988 Olympic performance and declared the 1987 100 m World Champion. The IAAF also declared that Lewis had also, therefore, twice tied the "true" world record (9.93 s) for his 1987 World Championship performance, and again at the 1988 Zürich meet where he defeated Johnson. However, those times were never ratified as records.<ref name="iaaf">{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf |title=12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009. |publisher=IAAF Media & Public Relations Department |access-date=August 7, 2009 |year=2009 |location=Monte Carlo |pages=Pages 546, 547 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806172743/http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf |archive-date=August 6, 2009}}</ref> From January 1, 1990, Lewis was the world record holder in the 100 m.<ref>''Track and Field News'', November 1989, vol. 42, #11, p. 37</ref> The record did not last long, as fellow American and [[University of Houston]] teammate [[Leroy Burrell]] ran 9.90 s on June 14, 1991, to break Lewis's mark.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uhcougars.com/sports/c-track/mtt/burrell_leroy00.html |title=Leroy Burrell Bio – University of Houston Athletics :: UH Cougars :: Official Athletic Site |work=uhcougars.com |access-date=June 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717201040/http://www.uhcougars.com/sports/c-track/mtt/burrell_leroy00.html |archive-date=July 17, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lewis also permanently lost his ranking as number one for the 200 m in 1988 and for the 100 m in 1989.<ref name="200mranking"/><ref name="100mranking">{{cite web |url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/Rankings/01-m100rank.pdf |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZQLmFUkG?url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/images/stories/Rankings/01-m100rank.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 20, 2015 |title=World Rankings — Men's 100 |access-date=June 9, 2015}}</ref> He also lost the top ranking for the long jump in 1990 but was able to regain it in 1992.<ref name="ljworldrank"/> ===1991 World Championships: Lewis' greatest performances=== Tokyo was the venue for the [[1991 World Championships in Athletics|1991 World Championships]]. In the 100 m final, Lewis faced the two men who ranked number one in the world the past two years: Burrell and Jamaican Raymond Stewart.<ref name=100worldrank/> In what would be the deepest 100 meters race ever to that time, with six men finishing in under ten seconds, Lewis not only defeated his opponents, he reclaimed the world record with a clocking of 9.86 s.<ref>''Track and Field News'', November 1991, vol. 44, #11, p. 9</ref> Though previously a world-record holder in this event, this was the first time he had crossed the line with "WR" beside his name on the giant television screens, and the first time he could savor his achievement at the moment it occurred. He could be seen with tears in his eyes afterwards. "The best race of my life", Lewis said. "The best technique, the fastest. And I did it at thirty."<ref name=golden/> Lewis's world record would stand for nearly three years.<ref name=iaaf/> Lewis also anchored the 4 × 100 m relay team to another world record, 37.50 s, the third time that year he had anchored a 4 × 100 m squad to a world record. ====Long jump showdown versus Powell==== The 1991 World Championships are perhaps best remembered for the long jump final, considered by some to have been one of the greatest competitions ever in any sport.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2001/world_athletics/1451929.stm |title=2001 Has A Lot To Live Up To |publisher=BBC News |date=July 27, 2001 |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref> Lewis was up against his main rival of the last few years, [[Mike Powell (athlete)|Mike Powell]], the silver medalist in the event from the [[1988 Summer Olympics|1988 Olympics]] and the top-ranked long jumper of 1990. Lewis had at that point not lost a long jump competition in a decade, winning the 65 consecutive meets in which he competed. Powell had been unable to defeat Lewis, despite sometimes putting in jumps near world-record territory, only to see them ruled fouls<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatf.com/athletes/bios/TrackAndFieldArchive/2001/Powell_Mike.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915075634/http://www.usatf.com/athletes/bios/TrackAndFieldArchive/2001/Powell_Mike.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 15, 2012 |title=Mike Powell |publisher=Usatf.com |access-date=June 29, 2015}}</ref> or, as with other competitors such as Larry Myricks, putting in leaps that Lewis himself had only rarely surpassed, only to see Lewis surpass them on his next or final attempt.<ref>''Track and Field News'', September 1988, vol. 41 #9, p. 18–19</ref><ref>''Track and Field News'', August 1991, vol. 44 #8, p. 14–15</ref> Lewis' first jump was {{T&Fcalc|8.68}}, a World Championship record, and a mark bested by only three others beside Lewis all-time. Powell, jumping first, had faltered in the first round, but jumped {{T&Fcalc|8.54}} to claim second place in the second round.<ref name=USATF20041119>{{cite web |url=http://usatf.org/news/view.aspx?DUID=USATF_2004_11_19_09_16_23 |title=USATF – News |work=usatf.org |access-date=August 8, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014065923/http://www.usatf.org/news/view.aspx?DUID=USATF_2004_11_19_09_16_23 |archive-date=October 14, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lewis jumped {{T&Fcalc|8.83}}, a wind-aided leap, in the third round, a mark that would have won all but two long jump competitions in history. Powell responded with a long foul, estimated to be around {{T&Fcalc|8.80}}. Lewis's next jump made history: the first leap ever beyond Bob Beamon's record. The wind gauge indicated the jump was wind-aided, so it could not be considered a record, but it would still count in the competition. {{T&Fcalc|8.91}} was the greatest leap ever under any condition.<ref name=USATF20041119/> In the next round, Powell responded. His jump was measured as {{T&Fcalc|8.95}}; this time, his jump was not a foul, and with a wind gauge measurement of 0.3 m/s, well within the legal allowable for a record. Powell had not only jumped 4 cm further than Lewis, he had eclipsed the 23-year-old mark set by Bob Beamon and done so at low altitude.<ref name=USATF20041119/> Lewis still had two jumps left, although he was now no longer chasing Beamon, but Powell. He leaped {{T&Fcalc|8.87}}, which was a new personal best under legal wind conditions, then a final jump of {{T&Fcalc|8.84}}. He thus lost his first long jump competition in a decade.<ref>''Track and Field News'', November 1991, vol. 44, #11, p. 30–31</ref> Powell's {{T&Fcalc|8.95}} and Lewis's final two jumps still stand as of July 2024 as the top three low altitude jumps ever. The farthest anyone has jumped since under legal conditions is {{T&Fcalc|8.74}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/jumps/long-jump/indoor/men/senior |title=Long Jump All Time List |publisher=IAAF |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref> Lewis' reaction to what was one of the greatest competitions ever in the sport was to offer acknowledgment of the achievement of Powell.<ref name=USATF20041119/> "He just did it", Lewis said of Powell's winning jump. "It was that close, and it was the best of his life."<ref>"29–4½! Soaring Powell Conquers Beamon's Record", The New York Times, August 31, 1991</ref> Powell did jump as far or farther on two subsequent occasions, though both were wind-aided jumps at altitude: {{T&Fcalc|8.99}} in 1992 and {{T&Fcalc|8.95}} in 1994.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics/u-s-a/mike-powell-1114/long-jump-world-record-and-two-world-championship-golds_a09564/ |title=Mike POWELL – U.S.A. – Long Jump world record and two World Championship golds. |work=Sporting Heroes |access-date=January 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115201719/http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics/u-s-a/mike-powell-1114/long-jump-world-record-and-two-world-championship-golds_a09564/ |archive-date=January 15, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lewis's best subsequent results were two wind-aided leaps at {{T&Fcalc|8.72}}, and an {{T&Fcalc|8.68}} under legal conditions while in the qualifying rounds at the Barcelona Olympics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carllewis.com/carlstats7.html |title=Carl Lewis Career Facts & Statistics -LEWIS' 28 FOOT JUMPS |date=October 10, 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021010214507/http://www.carllewis.com/carlstats7.html |archive-date=October 10, 2002 |access-date=June 29, 2015}}</ref> In reference to his efforts at the 1991 World Championships, Lewis said, "This has been the greatest meet that I've ever had."<ref name=TFN1191>''Track and Field News'', November 1991, vol. .44, #11, p. 8</ref> ''Track and Field News'' was prepared to go even further than that, suggesting that after these Championships, "It had become hard to argue that he is not the greatest athlete ever to set foot on track or field."<ref name=TFN1191/> Lewis's 1991 outstanding results earned him the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s [[Wide World of Sports (U.S. TV series)|Wide World of Sports]] Athlete of the Year, an award he shared with gymnastics star [[Kim Zmeskal]]. ===Final years and retirement=== [[File:Carl_Lewis_1996.jpg|thumb|Lewis in [[Washington, D.C.]] in 1996]] After the heights reached in 1991, Lewis started to lose his dominance in both the sprints and the long jump. Though he anchored a world record 1:19.11 in the rarely run 4 × 200 m relay with the Santa Monica Track Club early in 1992,<ref>''Track and Field News'', June 1992, vol. 45, #6, p.4–5</ref> he failed to qualify for the Olympic team in the 100 m or 200 m. In the latter race, he finished fourth at the Olympic trials behind rising star [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] who set a personal best of 19.79 s.<ref>{{cite av media | title=200m Carl Lewis vs Micheal Jonhson w zawodach US Trials 1992r | date= | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntHSR5KfEJw | time=4:55 | via=YouTube }}</ref> It was the first time the two had ever met on the track.<ref>''Track and Field News'', August 1992, vol. 45, #6, p. 8</ref> Lewis did, however, qualify for the long jump, finishing second behind Powell, and was eligible for the 4 × 100 m relay team. At the Barcelona Olympics in 1992, Lewis jumped {{T&Fcalc|8.67}} in the first round of the long jump, beating Powell who did a final-round {{T&Fcalc|8.64}}. In the 4 × 100 m relay, Lewis anchored another world record, in 37.40 s, a time which stood for 16 years. He covered the final leg in 9.85 seconds, the fastest officially recorded [[anchor leg]].<ref>{{cite web | title=USA Men's 4 × 100 m | date=September 6, 1992 | url=https://olympics.com/en/news/usa-men-s-4x100m | work=olympic.org }}</ref> Lewis competed at the [[1993 World Championships in Athletics|4th World Championships]] in [[Stuttgart]] in 1993, but finished fourth in the 100 m,<ref>{{cite web |title=100 Metres Men: 4th IAAF World Championships in Athletics |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/4th-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-1/results/men/100-metres/final/result |publisher=IAAF |access-date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=October 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027163900/http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/4th-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-1/results/men/100-metres/final/result |url-status=dead}}</ref> and did not compete in the long jump. He did, however, earn his first World Championship medal in the 200 m, a bronze with his 19.99 s performance.<ref>{{cite web |title=200 Metres Men: 4th IAAF World Championships in Athletics |url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/4th-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-1/results/men/200-metres/final/result |publisher=IAAF |access-date=July 15, 2017 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924172613/http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-championships/4th-iaaf-world-championships-in-athletics-1/results/men/200-metres/final/result |url-status=dead}}</ref> That medal would prove to be his final Olympic or World Championship medal in a running event. Injuries kept Lewis largely sidelined for the next few years, then he made a comeback for the 1996 season. In 1996, Lewis qualified for the Olympic team in the long jump for the fifth time, the first time an American man has done so.<ref>''Track and Field News'', September 1996, vol. 49, #9, p. 18</ref> At the [[1996 Summer Olympics|1996 Olympics]], injuries to world-record holder Mike Powell and the leading long-jumper in the world, [[Iván Pedroso]], affected their performances. Lewis, on the other hand, was in good form. Though he did not match past performances, his third-round leap of {{T&Fcalc|8.50}} won gold by {{T&Fcalc|0.21}} over second-place finisher [[James Beckford (athlete)|James Beckford]] of [[Jamaica]].<ref name="autogenerated2">''Track and Field News'' October 1996, vol. 49, #10, p. 36</ref> He became the third Olympian to win the same individual event four times,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/carl-lewis |title=International Olympic Committee – Athletes |publisher=Olympic.org |date=August 13, 2004 |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref> joining [[Denmark|Danish]] [[Sailing at the Summer Olympics|sailor]] [[Paul Elvstrøm]] and American [[Discus throw at the Olympics|discus thrower]] [[Al Oerter]]; the three would be joined by American [[Swimming at the Summer Olympics|swimmer]] [[Michael Phelps]] in 2016 and swimmer [[Katie Ledecky]] in 2024. Lewis's nine gold medals also tie him for second on the [[list of multiple Olympic gold medalists]] with [[Paavo Nurmi]], [[Larisa Latynina]],[[Mark Spitz]] and Katie Ledecky behind Phelps.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition |last=Wallechinsky |first=David |author2=Jaime Loucky |year=2008 |publisher=[[Aurum Press]] |isbn=978-1-84513-330-6 |page=702}}</ref> Lewis' {{T&Fcalc|8.50}} jump was also officially declared tied with [[Larry Myricks]] for the [[List of world records in masters athletics|masters record for the 35–39 age group]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.world-masters-athletics.org/records/outdoor-men |title=Records Outdoor Men |publisher=World-masters-athletics.org |date=March 27, 2012 |access-date=April 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903223836/http://www.world-masters-athletics.org/records/outdoor-men |archive-date=September 3, 2011 |df=mdy}}</ref> Controversy struck when, as ''Track and Field News'' put it, "Lewis' attitude in the whole relay hoo-hah a few days later served only to take the luster off his final gold."<ref name="autogenerated2"/> After Lewis's unexpected long jump gold, it was noted that he could become the athlete with the most Olympic gold medals if he entered the 4 × 100 m relay team. Any member of the American Olympic men's track and field team could be used, even if they had not qualified for the relay event. Lewis said, "If they asked me, I'd run it in a second. But they haven't asked me to run it." He further suggested on ''[[Larry King Live]]'' that viewers phone the [[United States Olympic Committee]] to weigh in on the situation. Lewis had skipped the mandatory relay training camp and demanded to run the anchor leg, which added to the debate. The final decision was to exclude Lewis from the team. Olympic team coach Erv Hunt said, "The basis of their [the relay team's] opinion was 'We want to run, we worked our butts off and we deserve to be here.{{'"}}<ref name="autogenerated2"/> The American relay team finished second behind Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/gamesandsportsummary/?sport=32588&games=1996%2f1&event=32549 |title=Athletics Results – Atlanta 1996 – Olympic Medals |work=olympic.org}}</ref> Lewis retired from track and field in 1997. ==Drug testing exoneration== In 2003, Wade Exum, the [[United States Olympic Committee]]'s director of drug control administration from 1991 to 2000, gave copies of documents to ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' that revealed that some 100 American athletes had failed drug tests from 1988 to 2000, arguing that they should have been prevented from competing in the Olympics but were nevertheless cleared to compete. Before showing the documents to ''Sports Illustrated'', Exum tried to use them in a lawsuit against USOC, accusing the organization of racial discrimination and wrongful termination against him and cover-up over the failed tests. His case was summarily dismissed by the Denver federal Court for lack of evidence. The USOC claimed his case "baseless" as he himself was the one in charge of screening the anti-doping test program of the organization and clarifying that the athletes were cleared according to the rules.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-apr-23-sp-oly23-story.html|title=Just a Dash of Drugs in Lewis, DeLoach|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 23, 2003|author=Abrahamson, Alan|access-date=October 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Anti-Doping Official Says U.S. Covered Up|work=The New York Times|date=April 17, 2003|page=S6}}</ref> Lewis was among the named athletes and Exum's documents revealed that at the 1988 Olympics trials he had three positive results on a combined test for [[pseudoephedrine]], [[ephedrine]], and [[phenylpropanolamine]]. All were and are banned in sport due to their activity as [[stimulant]]s, though at the time all three were available [[Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter]] as [[dietary supplement]]s or treatments for [[Cold medicine|cold]] and [[Allergy#Medication|allergy]] symptoms. The combined concentrations of these stimulants detected in the three successive tests were 2 [[Parts-per notation|ppm]], 4 ppm and 6 ppm.<ref name=":0"/> Lewis defended himself, claiming that he had accidentally consumed the banned substances. After the supplements that he had taken were analyzed to prove his claims, the USOC accepted his claim of inadvertent use, since a dietary supplement he ingested was found to contain ''ma huang'', the Chinese name for ''[[Ephedra sinica]]'', an ephedrine-bearing plant which was then marketed as a [[Anti-obesity medication|weight loss aid]].<ref name=":0"/> Fellow Santa Monica Track Club teammates [[Joe DeLoach]] and [[Floyd Heard]] were also found to have the same banned stimulants in their systems, and were cleared to compete for the same reason.<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Pete McEntegart|url=https://www.si.com/vault/2003/04/14/341393/scorecard|title=Scorecard|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=April 14, 2003}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/carl-lewiss-positive-test-covered-up-20030418-gdgmdt.html|title=Carl Lewis's positive test covered up|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=April 18, 2003|access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> The highest level of the stimulants Lewis recorded was 6 ppm, which was regarded as a positive test in 1988 but is now regarded as negative test. The acceptable level has been raised to ten parts per million for ephedrine and twenty-five parts per million for other substances.<ref name=":0"/><ref>Wallechinsky and Loucky, The Complete Book of the Olympics (2012 edition), page 61.</ref> According to the IOC rules at the time, positive tests with levels lower than 10 ppm were cause of further investigation but not immediate ban. Neal Benowitz, a professor of medicine at UC San Francisco who is an expert on ephedrine and other stimulants, agreed in 2003 that "These [levels] are what you'd see from someone taking cold or allergy medicines and are unlikely to have any effect on performance."<ref name=":0"/> Following Exum's revelations the IAAF affirmed that at the 1988 Olympic Trials the USOC indeed followed the correct procedures in dealing with eight positive findings for ephedrine and ephedrine-related compounds in low concentration. The federation also reviewed in 1988 the relevant documents with the athletes' names undisclosed and stated that "the medical committee felt satisfied, however, on the basis of the information received that the cases had been properly concluded by the USOC as 'negative cases' in accordance with the rules and regulations in place at the time and no further action was taken".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://157.166.224.103/athletics/news/2003/04/30/iaaf_doping_ap/|title=IAAF: USOC followed rules over dope tests|date=April 30, 2003|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201150836/http://157.166.224.103/athletics/news/2003/04/30/iaaf_doping_ap/ |archive-date=February 1, 2014|df=mdy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-may-01-sp-oly1-story.html |title=USOC's Actions on Lewis Justified by IAAF |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 1, 2003 |last=Abrahamson |first=Alan}}</ref> "Carl did nothing wrong. There was never intent. He was never told 'you violated the rules,{{'"}} said Martin D. Singer, Lewis's lawyer, who also said that Lewis had inadvertently taken the banned stimulants in an over-the-counter herbal remedy.<ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite journal|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/tss/tss2618/stories/20030503002206000.htm|title=This idol has feet of clay, after all|date=May 3–9, 2003|journal=Sportstar|volume=26|issue=18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070222090747/http://www.hinduonnet.com/tss/tss2618/stories/20030503002206000.htm|archive-date=February 22, 2007}}</ref> In an April 2003 interview, Lewis agreed that he tested positive three times in 1988 but he was let off as that was the normal practice in those times.<ref>{{cite news|author=Mackay, Duncan|date=April 24, 2003|title=Lewis: 'Who cares I failed drug test?'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2003/apr/24/athletics.duncanmackay|newspaper=[[The Guardian|theguardian.com]]|access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> "The only thing I can say is I think it's unfortunate what Wade Exum is trying to do", said Lewis. "I don't know what people are trying to make out of nothing because everyone was treated the same, so what are we talking about? I don't get it."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/2968931.stm|title=Lewis dismisses drugs claims|publisher=BBC News|date=April 23, 2003|access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> ==Achievements and honors== [[File:Stamps of Azerbaijan, 1996-382.jpg|thumb|An [[Azerbaijan]] stamp honoring Lewis, issued in 1996]] * Lewis was the only man to successfully defend an Olympic long jump title until the 2024 Olympics, when [[Miltiadis Tentoglou|Miltos Tentoglou]] became the second to achieve it. Lewis is still the only one to defend the title three times (four gold medals in four consecutive Olympics). * Outdoors, Lewis jumped 14 of the 20 furthest ancillary jumps of all time. (Ancillary marks are those that are valid, but were not the furthest in a series.)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alltime-athletics.com/mlongok.htm |title=Men's long jump |website=www.alltime-athletics.com |access-date=May 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521163813/http://www.alltime-athletics.com/mlongok.htm |archive-date=May 21, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Personal best marks=== * '''100 m:''' 9.86 s (August 1991, Tokyo) * '''200 m:''' 19.75 s (June 1983, Indianapolis) * '''Long jump:''' {{T&Fcalc|8.87}} 1991, {{T&Fcalc|8.91}} 1991 (both in Tokyo) * '''4 × 100 m relay:''' 37.40 s (United States – [[Michael Marsh (athlete)|Marsh]]; [[Leroy Burrell|Burrell]]; [[Dennis Mitchell|Mitchell]]; Lewis – August 1992, Barcelona) * '''4 × 200 m relay:''' 1:18.68 min (Santa Monica Track Club – Marsh; Burrell; [[Floyd Heard|Heard]]; Lewis – 1994; (former world record) ===Honors=== In 1999, Lewis was voted "Sportsman of the Century" by the [[International Olympic Committee]],<ref name=HoF/> elected "World Athlete of the Century" by the [[International Association of Athletics Federations]]<ref name=HoF>{{cite web |title=IAAF Hall of Fame: Carl Lewis |url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/hall-of-fame#1980-carl-lewis |website=iaaf.org |publisher=IAAF |access-date=January 15, 2015}}</ref> and named "Olympian of the Century" by ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''.<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104002640/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/features/cover/news/1999/12/02/awards/ |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/features/cover/news/1999/12/02/awards/ |title=Sports Illustrated honors world's greatest athletes |publisher=CNN |date=December 3, 1999 |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref> In 2000 his alma mater [[University of Houston]] named the [[Carl Lewis International Complex]] after him. In 2010, Lewis was inducted into the [[New Jersey Hall of Fame]]. In 2016, Lewis was inducted into the Texas Track and Field Coaches Association Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rice Legends to be Inducted Into TTFCA Hall of Fame Friday |url=http://www.riceowls.com/sports/m-track/spec-rel/010716aaa.html |publisher=Rice University |date=January 7, 2016 |access-date=October 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003101639/http://www.riceowls.com/sports/m-track/spec-rel/010716aaa.html |archive-date=October 3, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Awards=== * [[World Athletics Awards]] :: World Athlete of the Year (Men)：1988, 1991<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Athletes of the Year |url=https://assets.aws.worldathletics.org/document/651c81d5050f9b2bc0433282.pdf?_gl=1*6hkuqu*_ga*NjYxMTM1NTI5LjE3MTUyMjE3MTY.*_ga_7FE9YV46NW*MTcxNTIyMTcxNS4xLjEuMTcxNTIyMTcyMi4wLjAuMA.. |website=[[World Athletics]] |format=PDF |access-date=}}</ref> * [[L'Équipe Champion of Champions]]: 1983, 1984, 1991 * [[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award|United Press International Athlete of the Year]]: 1983, 1984 * [[USOC SportsMan of the Year]]: 1991 * [[Gazzetta Sports Awards]] :: World Sportsman of the Year: 1983, 1984, 1988, 1991 ==Career after retiring from athletics== ===Film and television=== [[File:Save The World Awards 2009 show06 - Carl Lewis.jpg|thumb|right|Lewis in July 2009]] Lewis has appeared in numerous films and television productions. Among them, he played himself in cameos in ''[[Perfect Strangers (TV series)|Perfect Strangers]]'', ''[[Speed Zone]]'', ''[[Alien Hunter]]'' and ''[[Material Girls]]''. He made an appearance on ''[[The Weakest Link]]''. He also played Stu in the made-for-TV movie ''[[Atomic Twister]]''. In 2011, Lewis appeared in the short documentary ''[[Challenging Impossibility]]'' which features the feats of strength demonstrated by the late spiritual teacher and peace advocate [[Sri Chinmoy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/25/a-monument-to-strength-as-a-path-to-enlightenment |title=A Monument to Strength as a Path to Enlightenment |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 25, 2011 |access-date=April 25, 2011 |last=Kilgannon |first=Corey}}</ref> Lewis also appeared in the film ''[[The Last Adam (film)|The Last Adam]]'' (2006). In 2024, Lewis appeared in the fourth season of ''[[Mask Singer: Adivina quién canta]]'', the Spanish version of ''[[Masked Singer]]'', under the Panda mask. He was eliminated in the season premiere.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bocanegra |first1=Míriam |title=La leyenda mundial del atletismo que se escondía bajo la máscara de Panda en 'Mask Singer': "¡Ha sido maravilloso!" |url=https://www.20minutos.es/television/leyenda-mundial-atletismo-que-se-escondia-bajo-mascara-panda-mask-singer-ha-sido-maravilloso-5644760/ |website=20 Minutos |access-date=17 October 2024 |language=Spanish |date=17 October 2024}}</ref> ===Bid for New Jersey State Senate=== On April 11, 2011, Lewis filed petitions to run as a Democrat for the [[New Jersey Senate]] in the state's [[New Jersey Legislative Districts, 2001 apportionment#District 8|8th legislative district]] in [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington County]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politickernj.com/46716/track-olympian-lewis-launches-ld-8-senate-campaign |title=Track Olympian Lewis launches LD 8 Senate campaign |author=Pizarro, Max |work=New Jersey News, Politics, Opinion, and Analysis |access-date=June 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202102311/http://www.politickernj.com/46716/track-olympian-lewis-launches-ld-8-senate-campaign |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Two weeks later he was disqualified by Lieutenant Governor and secretary of state [[Kim Guadagno]], as he did not meet the state's requirement that Senate candidates live in New Jersey for four years.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/mobile/article_b9d6f9da-7043-11e0-8a3e-001cc4c002e0.html |title=Guadagno disqualifies Olympian Carl Lewis from running for state Senate |work=The Press of Atlantic City |date=April 26, 2011 |access-date=September 29, 2011 |last=Angela |first=Delli Santi}}</ref> Lewis appealed his decision to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals; the court initially granted his appeal but a few days later the court reversed itself and Lewis withdrew his name.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-newjersey-lewis-idUSTRE78M6HQ20110923 |title=Olympian Carl Lewis quits state senate race in New Jersey |work=Reuters|date=September 29, 2011 |access-date=September 23, 2011 |last=Warner |first=Dave |archive-date=September 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924221828/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/23/us-newjersey-lewis-idUSTRE78M6HQ20110923 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-carl-lewis-chris-christie-20140121,0,6915784.story#axzz2r4NVUtZR |title=Carl Lewis: Chris Christie tried to intimidate me during Senate bid |work=Los Angeles Times |date=January 21, 2014 |last=Schilken |first=Chuck |access-date=June 29, 2015}}</ref> ===Coaching=== As of 2025, Lewis serves as the head track and field coach at his alma mater, the [[University of Houston]]. He was elevated from assistant coach in 2023.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rhim |first=Kris |date=2023-06-07 |title=Carl Lewis Hopes to Lead 'Speed City' to a National Title |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/07/sports/carl-lewis-houston-coach-ncaa-track-championships.html |access-date=2024-06-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==Personal life== In the 2025 documentary ''I'm Carl Lewis'', Lewis revealed that he had never been in a long-term relationship out of fear that it would have affected his professional aspirations.<ref>{{cite news | title=Olympic Legend Carl Lewis, 63, Reveals He's Never Had a Long-Term Relationship: 'Thought It Would Hurt My Career' | date=March 8, 2025 | url=https://people.com/olympic-legend-carl-lewis-63-has-never-had-a-long-term-relationship-11693180 | work=people.com }}</ref> He has a son named Bakim aka Blew, who is a Director/Videographer and lives in Houston, Texas.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.army.mil/article/142691/track_stars_son_graduates_from_basic_combat_training |title=Track star's son graduates from Basic Combat Training |website=army.mil |author=McIntyre, Andrew |date=February 11, 2015 |access-date=May 16, 2021}}</ref> Lewis became a [[vegan]] in 1990, during his late twenties, and has credited his outstanding 1991 results in part to his vegan diet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.earthsave.org/lifestyle/carllewis.htm |title=EarthSave International |website=Earthsave.org |author=Jannequin Bennett |access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> He has said that it is better suited to him because he can eat a larger quantity without affecting his athleticism, and he believes that switching to a vegan diet can lead to improved athletic performance.<ref>{{Cite news | last=Donnelly | first=Eric | title=Olympic great Carl Lewis says that without sports and a vegan diet, 'I wouldn't be here right now' | date=July 12, 2021 | url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/carl-lewis-veganism-confidence-190615885.html| website=www.yahoo.com }}</ref> At a [[2019 Pan American Games]] news conference, and in the aftermath of the deadly [[2019 El Paso shooting|El Paso]] and [[2019 Dayton shooting|Dayton]] shootings, Lewis called then{{nbh}}U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] "a racist who is prejudiced, misogynistic, who doesn't value anyone outside of himself".<ref>{{Cite web | title=Carl Lewis blasts Donald Trump as "racist, misogynistic | date=August 5, 2019 | last=Owens | first=Jason | url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/9-time-olympic-gold-medalist-carl-lewis-calls-donald-trump-racist-misogynistic-051840131.html | access-date=August 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806193809/https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/9-time-olympic-gold-medalist-carl-lewis-calls-donald-trump-racist-misogynistic-051840131.html | archive-date=August 6, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==See also== *''[[Carl Lewis Athletics 2000]]'', a video game *[[List of vegans]] *[[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists]] *[[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games]] *[[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event]] *[[100 metres at the World Championships in Athletics]] *[[List of multiple Summer Olympic medalists]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== {{Wikiquote}} {{Commons category}} * {{World Athletics}} * {{USATF}} * {{USATF Hall of Fame}} * {{Team USA Hall of Fame|old_id=Carl-Lewis|archive=20230720064651}} * {{Olympics.com|org_archive=20110114054532}} * {{Olympedia}} * {{IMDb name}} {{Navboxes|list1= {{S-start}} {{s-ach|rec}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Calvin Smith]]<br/>{{flagicon|USA}} [[Leroy Burrell]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Men's 100 metres world record progression|Men's 100m World Record Holder]]|years=August 30, 1987 – June 14, 1991<br/>August 25, 1991 – July 6, 1994}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|USA}} [[Leroy Burrell]]<br/>{{flagicon|USA}} [[Leroy Burrell]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Larry Myricks]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Men's long jump world record progression|Men's Long Jump Indoor World Record Holder]]|years=February 20, 1981 – present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Spitz]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of multiple Olympic gold medalists|Athletes with the most gold medals at Olympic Games]]|years=July 29, 1996 – August 13, 2008}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|USA}} [[Michael Phelps]]}} {{s-ach}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Sebastian Coe]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Track & Field Athlete of the Year|Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year]]|years=1982–1984}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|MAR}} [[Saïd Aouita]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Daley Thompson]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[United Press International Athlete of the Year Award#Male winners|United Press International{{Clear}}Athlete of the Year]]|years=1983, 1984}} {{s-aft|after=[[Steve Cram]]}} {{s-bef|before = [[J.T. Smith (wrestler)|John T. Smith]]}} {{s-ttl|title = [[USOC Athlete of the Year#SportsMan of the Year|USOC Sportsman of the Year]]|years= 1991}} {{s-aft|after = [[Pablo Morales]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Rossi]]<br/>{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[L'Équipe Champion of Champions]]|years=1983, 1984<br/>1991}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|URS}} [[Sergei Bubka]]<br/>{{flagicon|USA}} [[Michael Jordan]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Jimmy Connors]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year]]|years=1983}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Seve Ballesteros]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|ALG}} [[Hassiba Boulmerka]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Asturias Award#Prince or Princess of Asturias Award for Sports|Prince of Asturias Award for Sports]]|years=1996}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|ESP}} [[1997 World Championships in Athletics – Men's Marathon|Spanish Marathon team]]}} {{s-sports}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|GDR}} [[Lutz Dombrowski]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Long jump#Men's Seasons Best (Outdoor)|Men's Long Jump Best Year Performance]]|years=1981–1985}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|URS}} [[Robert Emmiyan]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Miller (athlete)|Mike Miller]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[200 meters#Men's Seasons Best|Men's 200 m Best Year Performance]]|years=1983–1984}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|USA}} [[Lorenzo Daniel]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Floyd Heard]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Men's 200 m Best Year Performance|years=1987}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|USA}} [[Joe DeLoach]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|URS}} [[Robert Emmiyan]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Long jump#Men's Seasons Best (Outdoor)|Men's Long Jump Best Year Performance]]|years=1988}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|USA}} [[Larry Myricks]]}} {{s-bef|before={{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Powell (athlete)|Mike Powell]]}} {{s-ttl|title=Men's Long Jump Best Year Performance|years=1992}} {{s-aft|after={{flagicon|USA}} Mike Powell}} {{s-end}} {{Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year navbox}} {{Cowboys1984DraftPicks}} {{Footer Olympic Champions 100 m Men}} {{Footer Olympic Champions 200 m Men}} {{Footer Olympic Champions 4x100 m Men|1984|1992}} {{Footer Olympic Champions Long Jump Men}} {{Footer World Champions 100 m Men}} {{Footer World Champions 4 x 100 m Men|1983|1987|1991}} {{Footer World Champions Long Jump Men}} {{Footer Pan American Champions 4x100m Men}} {{Footer Pan American Champions Long Jump Men}} {{Footer IAAF World Cup Champions Long Jump Men}} {{IAAF World Athlete of the Year (men)}} {{Sullivan Award winners}} {{USA Indoor Track and Field Championships winners in men's long jump}} {{Footer US NC 100m Men}} {{Footer US NC 200m Men}} {{Footer US NC long jump Men}} {{Footer US NC Indoor 60m Men}} {{IAAF Hall of Fame}} {{Footer USA Track & Field 1984 Summer Olympics}} {{Footer USA Track & Field 1988 Summer Olympics}} {{Footer USA Track & Field 1992 Summer Olympics}} {{Footer USA Track & Field 1996 Summer Olympics}} {{Footer Collegiate Track Field Cross Country Athlete Hall of Fame}} {{Prince of Asturias Award for Sports}} {{BBC Sports Personality World Sport Star of the Year}} {{L'Équipe Champion of Champions}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lewis, Carl}} [[Category:Carl Lewis| ]] [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:African-American track and field athletes]] [[Category:American male long jumpers]] [[Category:American male sprinters]] [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Pan American Games]] [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Pan American Games]] [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:BBC Sports Personality World Sport Star of the Year winners]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls draft picks]] [[Category:Competitors at the 1986 Goodwill Games]] [[Category:Competitors at the 1990 Goodwill Games]] [[Category:Competitors at the 1994 Goodwill Games]] [[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients]] [[Category:Devotees of Sri Chinmoy]] [[Category:FAO goodwill ambassadors]] [[Category:Goodwill Games medalists in athletics]] [[Category:Houston Cougars men's track and field athletes]] [[Category:Houston Cougars track and field coaches]] [[Category:IAAF World Athlete of the Year]] [[Category:James E. Sullivan Award recipients]] [[Category:Medalists at the 1979 Pan American Games]] [[Category:Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games]] [[Category:Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:New Jersey Democrats]] [[Category:Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field]] [[Category:Olympic male sprinters]] [[Category:Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field]] [[Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States in athletics (track and field)]] [[Category:Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States in athletics (track and field)]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Willingboro Township, New Jersey]] [[Category:Track and field athletes from Birmingham, Alabama]] [[Category:Track and field athletes from New Jersey]] [[Category:Track & Field News Athlete of the Year winners]] [[Category:USA Indoor Track and Field Championships winners]] [[Category:USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners]] [[Category:Willingboro High School alumni]] [[Category:World Athletics Championships medalists]] [[Category:World Athletics Championships winners]] [[Category:World Athletics indoor record holders]] [[Category:World record holders in masters athletics]] [[Category:World record setters in athletics (track and field)]] [[Category:NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners]] [[Category:NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships winners]]
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page
(
help
)
:
Template:'"
(
edit
)
Template:Authority control
(
edit
)
Template:Cbignore
(
edit
)
Template:Cite AV media
(
edit
)
Template:Cite av media
(
edit
)
Template:Cite book
(
edit
)
Template:Cite journal
(
edit
)
Template:Cite magazine
(
edit
)
Template:Cite news
(
edit
)
Template:Cite web
(
edit
)
Template:Commons category
(
edit
)
Template:Convert
(
edit
)
Template:Dead link
(
edit
)
Template:EditAtWikidata
(
edit
)
Template:First word
(
edit
)
Template:IMDb name
(
edit
)
Template:Infobox sportsperson
(
edit
)
Template:Main other
(
edit
)
Template:Navboxes
(
edit
)
Template:Nbh
(
edit
)
Template:Olympedia
(
edit
)
Template:Olympics.com
(
edit
)
Template:PAGENAMEBASE
(
edit
)
Template:Preview warning
(
edit
)
Template:Reflist
(
edit
)
Template:Short description
(
edit
)
Template:Sister project
(
edit
)
Template:T&Fcalc
(
edit
)
Template:T&Fcalc2
(
edit
)
Template:Team USA Hall of Fame
(
edit
)
Template:Trim
(
edit
)
Template:USATF
(
edit
)
Template:USATF Hall of Fame
(
edit
)
Template:Use mdy dates
(
edit
)
Template:Wikiquote
(
edit
)
Template:World Athletics
(
edit
)
Template:YouTube
(
edit
)