Editing Carl Wieman

{{Short description|American physicist (b. 1951)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Carl Edwin Wieman 
| image             = Carl Wieman in 2024 01.jpg
| image_size        = 200px
| caption           = Wieman in 2024
| birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1951|3|26}}
| birth_place       = [[Corvallis, Oregon]], U.S.
| field             = [[Physics]]
| work_institutions = [[University of British Columbia]]<br>[[University of Colorado Boulder]]<br>[[University of Michigan]]<br>[[Stanford University]]
| alma_mater        = [[MIT]]<br>[[Stanford University]]
| known_for         = [[Bose&ndash;Einstein condensate]]
| thesis_title      = Polarization Spectroscopy and the Measurement of the Lamb Shift in the Ground State of Hydrogen
| thesis_url        = https://www.proquest.com/docview/302866643/
| thesis_year       = 1977
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Theodor W. Hänsch]]
| doctoral_students = [[Wendy Adams]]<br>[[Christopher Monroe]]
| prizes            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award|E. O. Lawrence Award]] (1993)
* [[Fritz London Memorial Prize]] (1996)
* [[King Faisal International Prize|King Faisal International Prize in Science]] (1997)
* [[Lorentz Medal]] (1998)
* [[The Franklin Institute Awards|The Benjamin Franklin Medal]] (2000)
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (2001)
* [[Oersted Medal]] (2007)
* [[Yidan Prize|Yidan Prize in Education Research]] (2020)
}}
}}
'''Carl Edwin Wieman''' (born March 26, 1951) is an American [[physicist]] and [[educationist]] at [[Stanford University]], and currently the A.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;White Professor at Large at [[Cornell University]].<ref>{{cite web
 |url        = https://www.science.org/content/article/carl-wieman-takes-physics-education-jobs-stanford
 |title      = Carl Wieman Takes Physics, Education Jobs at Stanford
 |last       = Mervis
 |first      = Jeffrey
 |date       = 28 August 2013
 |website    = sciencemag.org
 |access-date = 23 November 2013
}}</ref> In 1995, while at the [[University of Colorado Boulder]], he and [[Eric Allin Cornell]] produced the first true [[Bose&ndash;Einstein condensate]] (BEC) and, in 2001, they and [[Wolfgang Ketterle]] (for further BEC studies) were awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]. Wieman currently holds a joint appointment as Professor of Physics and Professor in the [[Stanford Graduate School of Education]], as well as the DRC Professor in the [[Stanford University School of Engineering]]. In 2020, Wieman was awarded the [[Yidan Prize|Yidan Prize in Education Research]] for "his contribution in developing new techniques and tools in STEM education".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yidanprize.org/media-center/news/yidan-prize-laureates-2020-professor-carl-wieman-ms-lucy-lake-and-ms-angeline-murimirwa-were-awarded-for-their-contribution-to-stem-and-womens-education/ |title=Yidan Prize Laureates 2020. Professor Carl Wieman, Ms Lucy Lake and Ms Angeline Murimirwa were awarded for their contribution to STEM and women's education |date=23 September 2020 |website=Yidan Prize |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002113750/https://yidanprize.org/media-center/news/yidan-prize-laureates-2020-professor-carl-wieman-ms-lucy-lake-and-ms-angeline-murimirwa-were-awarded-for-their-contribution-to-stem-and-womens-education/ |archive-date=2020-10-02}}</ref>

==Biography==
Wieman was born in [[Corvallis, Oregon]] to N. Orr Wieman and Alison Marjorie Fry in the United States and graduated from [[Corvallis High School (Oregon)|Corvallis High School]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/explore/notable/wieman.aspx | title=Oregon Secretary of State: Notable Oregonians: Carl E. Wieman – Physicist, Nobel Winner}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.antiochcollege.org/news/obituaries/obituary-alison-marjorie-fry-wieman-%E2%80%9940 |title=Obituary: Alison Marjorie Fry Wieman '40 &#124; Antioch College |access-date=2017-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302201459/http://www.antiochcollege.org/news/obituaries/obituary-alison-marjorie-fry-wieman-%E2%80%9940 |archive-date=2016-03-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His paternal grandfather [[Henry Nelson Wieman]] was a religious philosopher of German descent and his mother had [[white Anglo-Saxon Protestant]] family background.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://uudb.org/articles/henrynelsonwieman.html | title=Henry Nelson Wieman | access-date=2016-02-20 | archive-date=2019-08-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803212005/http://uudb.org/articles/henrynelsonwieman.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gazettetimes.com/news/local/obituaries/n-orr-wieman/article_7347824c-14e3-11e1-b9c7-001cc4c002e0.html|title = N. Orr Wieman}}</ref> Wieman earned his [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] in 1973 from [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] and his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from [[Stanford University]] in 1977; he was also awarded a [[Doctor of Science]], ''honoris causa'' from the [[University of Chicago]] in 1997. He was awarded the [[Lorentz Medal]] in 1998. In 2001, he won the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]], along with [[Eric Allin Cornell]] and [[Wolfgang Ketterle]], for fundamental studies of the Bose-Einstein condensate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2001/public.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-06-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611044641/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2001/public.html |archive-date=2011-06-11 }}</ref> In 2004, he was named United States Professor of the Year among all doctoral and research universities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usprofessorsoftheyear.org/Winners/Previous_Natl_Winners/2004_National_Winners.html|title=U.S Professor of the Year Awards – 2004 National Winners|website=www.usprofessorsoftheyear.org|access-date=2018-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005195054/http://www.usprofessorsoftheyear.org/Winners/Previous_Natl_Winners/2004_National_Winners.html|archive-date=2018-10-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In a 2020 interview given to [[Federal University of Pará]] in Brazil, Wieman recalls his youth and his journey as a physicist; the influence of other people, like teachers and his parents, on his trajectory; his path through science education and the foundation of the open educational resource [[PhET Interactive Simulations]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Interview with Carl E. Wieman (2001 Physics Nobel Prize and 2020 Yidan Prize Laureate) – Pt. I | date=6 October 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHQ7c9zVZL8 |language=en |access-date=2022-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Interview with Carl E. Wieman (2001 Physics Nobel Prize and 2020 Yidan Prize Laureate) – Pt. II | date=13 October 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VNAVX1hMa8 |language=en |access-date=2022-04-02}}</ref>

Wieman joined the [[University of British Columbia]] on 1 January 2007 and headed a well-endowed science education initiative there; he retained a twenty percent appointment at the [[University of Colorado Boulder]] to head the science education project he founded in Colorado.<ref>{{cite press release | title=CU-Boulder Nobel Laureate Carl Wieman Announces Move To British Columbia, Will Remain Linked To CU-Boulder | url=http://www.colorado.edu/news/releases/2006/109.html | publisher=University of Colorado Boulder | date=2006-03-20 | access-date=2007-10-09 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906175831/http://www.colorado.edu/news/releases/2006/109.html | archive-date=2008-09-06 }}</ref> On 1 September 2013, Wieman joined [[Stanford University]] with a joint appointment in the physics department and the Graduate School of Education.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.science.org/content/article/carl-wieman-takes-physics-education-jobs-stanford |title = Carl Wieman Takes Physics, Education Jobs at Stanford|date = 2013-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | url=https://chronicle.com/article/Nobelist-Carl-Wieman-Moves-to/141269/ |title = Nobelist Carl Wieman Moves to Stanford to Focus on Better Science Teaching|journal = The Chronicle of Higher Education|date = 2013-08-27}}</ref>

In the past several years, Wieman has been particularly involved with efforts at improving [[science education]] and has conducted educational research on science instruction. Wieman served as Chair of the [[Board on Science Education]] of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] from 2005 to 2009. He has used and promotes [[Eric Mazur]]'s [[peer instruction]], a pedagogical system where teachers repeatedly ask [[Multiple choice|multiple-choice]] concept questions during class, and students reply on the spot with little wireless "clicker" devices. If a large proportion of the class chooses a wrong answer, students discuss among themselves and reply again.<ref>{{cite news | author=David Epstein | title=Trading Research for Teaching | url=http://insidehighered.com/news/2006/04/07/wieman | work=Inside Higher Ed | date=2006-04-07 | access-date=2007-10-09 | archive-date=2011-08-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827000613/http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/04/07/wieman | url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2007, Wieman was awarded the [[Oersted Medal]], which recognizes notable contributions to the teaching of physics, by the [[American Association of Physics Teachers]] (AAPT).

Wieman is the founder and chairman of [[PhET]], a web-based directive of [[University of Colorado Boulder]] which provides an extensive suite of simulations to improve the way that physics, chemistry, biology, earth science and math are taught and learned.<ref>{{Cite book | doi=10.1142/9789812813787_0097| chapter=PhET: Interactive Simulations for Teaching and Learning Physics| title=Collected Papers of Carl Wieman| pages=702–709| year=2008| last1=Perkins| first1=Katherine|author1-link=Katherine K. Perkins| last2=Adams| first2=Wendy| last3=Dubson| first3=Michael| last4=Finkelstein| first4=Noah| last5=Reid| first5=Sam| last6=Wieman| first6=Carl| last7=Lemaster| first7=Ron| isbn=978-981-270-415-3}}</ref>  [https://web.archive.org/web/20100405121036/http://phet.colorado.edu/index.php Link]

Wieman is a member of the [[USA Science and Engineering Festival]]'s Advisory Board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors |title=Advisors |access-date=2015-02-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421005310/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors/ |archive-date=2010-04-21 }}</ref> Wieman was nominated to be The White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy Associate Director of Science on March 24, 2010.  His hearing in front of the Commerce committee occurred on May 20, 2010, and he was passed by unanimous consent.  On September 16, 2010, Dr. Wieman was confirmed by unanimous consent. He left that post in June 2012 to battle [[multiple myeloma]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.science.org/content/article/carl-wieman-takes-physics-education-jobs-stanford |title = Carl Wieman Takes Physics, Education Jobs at Stanford|date = 2013-08-28}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
* {{cite journal | title=Dynamics of Collapsing and Exploding Bose−Einstein Condensates | first=Elizabeth A. | last=Donley |author2=Neil R. Claussen |author3=Simon L. Cornish |author4=Jacob L. Roberts |author5=Eric A. Cornell |author6= Carl E. Wieman  | journal=Nature | volume=412 | pages=295–299 | date=2001-07-19 | doi=10.1038/35085500 | pmid=11460153 | issue=6844|arxiv = cond-mat/0105019 |bibcode = 2001Natur.412..295D | s2cid=969048 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate | first=Michael R. | last=Matthews |author2=B.P. Anderson |author3=P.C. Haljan |author4=D.S. Hall |author5=C.E. Wieman |author6= E.A. Cornell  | journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume=83 | pages=2498–2501 | year=1999 | issue=13 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2498 |arxiv = cond-mat/9908209 |bibcode = 1999PhRvL..83.2498M| s2cid=535347 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Collective Behavior of Optically Trapped Neutral Atoms | first=Thad | last=Walker |author2=David Sesko |author3=Carl Wieman | journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume=64 | pages=408–411 | year=1990 | issue=4 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.408 | pmid=10041972 | bibcode=1990PhRvL..64..408W| url=https://zenodo.org/record/1233883 }}
* {{cite journal | title=Precision Measurement of the Hyperfine Structure of the <sup>133</sup>Cs 6P<sub>3/2</sub> State | first=Carol E. | last=Tanner |author1-link=Carol Tanner|author2=Carl Wieman  | journal=Phys. Rev. A | volume=38 | pages=1616–1617 | year=1988 | issue=3 | doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.38.1616 | pmid=9900545|bibcode = 1988PhRvA..38.1616T }}
*Wieman, Carl, (2014). "Stop Lecturing Me", Scientific American, July 15, 2014.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wieman |first=Carl |title=Stop Lecturing Me |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stop-lecturing-me/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |journal=Scientific American |date=2014 |volume=311 |issue=2 |pages=70–71 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0814-70 |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Timeline of low-temperature technology]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081103083903/http://www.scientificblogging.com/cwieman Carl Wieman's blog] at ScientificBlogging.com
*{{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture December 8, 2001 ''Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Gas; The First 70 Years and Some Recent Experiments'' 
*[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060320.wxbcnobel20/BNStory/National/home Globe and Mail Article]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101111085953/http://www.patentgenius.com/inventor/WiemanCarlE.html Carl E. Wieman patents] at Patent Genius
* [http://www.tunablelasers.com/hansch.htm Group photograph] taken at [[The International Conference on Lasers and Applications, Lasers 'XX|''Lasers'' '95]] including (right to left) [[Marlan Scully]], [[Theodor W. Hänsch]], Carl E. Wieman, and [[F. J. Duarte]].

{{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 2001&ndash;2025}}
{{2001 Nobel Prize winners}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wieman, Carl}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People with multiple myeloma]]
[[Category:21st-century American physicists]]
[[Category:American optical physicists]]
[[Category:American Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]
[[Category:Lorentz Medal winners]]
[[Category:People from Corvallis, Oregon]]
[[Category:American people of German descent]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of British Columbia]]
[[Category:University of Colorado Boulder faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of Optica (society)]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Corvallis High School (Oregon) alumni]]
[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]
[[Category:Sloan Research Fellows]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni]]
[[Category:Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates]]
[[Category:Yidan Prize laureates]]