Editing Castelnaudary

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{short description|Commune in Occitanie, France}}
{{Expand French|topic=geo|date=December 2008|Castelnaudary}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=June 2012}}

{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Castelnaudary
|commune status     = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image coat of arms = Blason castelnaudary.svg
|image              = Castelnaudary bassin canal.jpg
|caption            = A general view of Castelnaudary
|arrondissement     = Carcassonne
|canton             = Le Bassin chaurien
|INSEE              = 11076
|postal code        = 11400
|mayor              = Patrick Maugard<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|term               = 2020&ndash;2026
|party              = [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
|intercommunality   = Castelnaudary Lauraguais Audois
|coordinates        = {{coord|43.3192|1.9544|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m        = 165
|elevation min m    = 145
|elevation max m    = 215
|area km2           = 47.72
|population         = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Castelnaudary''' ({{IPA|fr|kastɛlnodɑʁi|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Ives (Guilhelma)-Castelnaudary.wav}}; {{langx|oc|Castèlnòu d'Arri}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Aude]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitanie]] [[Regions of France|region]] of southern [[France]]. It is located in the former [[Provinces of France|province]] of the [[Lauragais]] and famous for [[cassoulet]] of which it claims to be the world capital, and of which it is a major producer.

==Geography==
Castelnaudary is a market town, and the capital of the territory of [[Lauragais]]. The town is located {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=off|sp=us}} southeast of [[Toulouse]], about midway along the route from that city to the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]]. This route has been used since at least Roman times, and today carries road, motorway ([[A61 autoroute|A61]]), rail and canal links. Castelnaudary is the main port of the [[Canal du Midi]] to which it owed a period of prosperity in the 17th century when agricultural and manufactured produce became easier to export. The ''[[Grand Bassin]]'' in the town is at 7&nbsp;ha the largest open area of water in the canal, and is today its major pleasure port. [[Castelnaudary station]] has rail connections to Toulouse, Carcassonne and Narbonne.

==History==

===Roman staging post===
In Roman times the location of the town was a staging post on the Narbonne-Toulouse road, and called Sostomagus.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0006:entry=sostomagus | title=Princeton encyclopedia of classical sites | access-date=February 11, 2013}}</ref>

===Origin of the name===
Castelnaudary comes from the [[Occitan language|Occitan]] ''Castèlnòu d'Arri'' — Latin translation ''Castellum Novum Arri'' — meaning "Arrius' new castle".

===Major events===
* 1103. First official mention of a settlement at Castelnaudary.
* 1211. During the [[Albigensian Crusade]], [[Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester]] is besieged in Castelnaudary by the [[Count of Toulouse]] and the [[Count of Foix]].
* 1235. Arrival of the [[Medieval Inquisition|Papal inquisition]] whose initial attempts to identify and persecute [[Cathars]] were unsuccessful due to the solidarity of the townsfolk.
* 31 October 1355. During the [[Hundred Years' War]], the town is sacked by the [[Black Prince]] who travelling from [[Bordeaux]], ravaged the weaker towns of [[Gascony]] and then the [[Lauragais]] as far as [[Narbonne]].  The town was pillaged and the inhabitants massacred. The town's walls were not rebuilt until 10 years later.
* 1477. The town becomes the capital of the ''comté'' of [[Lauragais]] under [[Louis XI of France]].
* 1632. The capture of [[Henri II de Montmorency]] just outside the town leads to his execution at Toulouse on the orders of [[Cardinal Richelieu]].
* 15 May 1681. Commissioning of the [[Canal du Midi]].
* 1754. Construction of L'Ile de la Cybèle.
* 1814. [[Marshal Soult]] withdraws to the town after the [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Battle of Toulouse]] before signing a final surrender at [[Naurouze]].

==Population==
Its inhabitants are called ''Chauriens''.

{{Historical populations
|align = none
|cols = 2
|percentages = pagr
|source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|7123|Castelnaudary}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-11076#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
|graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |7871
|1800 |7610
|1806 |7924
|1821 |9493
|1831 |9886
|1836 |10186
|1841 |9993
|1846 |9635
|1851 |9992
|1856 |9652
|1861 |9584
|1866 |9075
|1872 |9328
|1876 |9042
|1881 |10059
|1886 |10105
|1891 |10059
|1896 |9720
|1901 |9397
|1906 |9362
|1911 |9542
|1921 |7921
|1926 |7891
|1931 |8054
|1936 |8246
|1946 |8073
|1954 |8765
|1962 |9343
|1968 |9936
|1975 |10118
|1982 |10750
|1990 |10970
|1999 |10851
|2007 |11308
|2012 |11748
|2017 |11598
}}

==Sights==
* L'Apothicairerie de l'Hôpital
* La Collégiale Saint-Michel
* Les Ecluses Saint-Roch
* Le [[Grand Bassin]]
* La Halle aux Grains
* L'Ile de la Cybèle.
* Le Moulin de Cugarel
* La Légion étrangère
* Le Présidial
* La Chapelle Notre-Dame de Pitié

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
File:MoulindeCugarel.JPG|Moulin de Cugarel
File:Castelnaudary canal midi.jpg|[[Canal du Midi]] in Castelnaudary
</gallery>

==Personalities==
Castelnaudary was the birthplace of:
* [[Pierre de Castelnau]] d. 1208
* [[Pierre-Jean Fabre]] (1588-1658), physician to King Louis XIII
* [[Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil]] (1643–1725)
* [[Joseph Martin-Dauch]] (1741–1801), the only deputy from the [[Estates-General of 1789|Estates General]] of the Third Estate known to have signed as 'opposant' from taking the [[Tennis Court Oath]], a major event of the [[French Revolution of 1789]]
*[[Jean François Aimé Dejean]] (1749-1824), army officer and minister of state in the service of the [[First French Republic]] and the [[First French Empire]]
* [[Antoine-François Andréossy]] (1761–1828)
* [[Antoine Marfan]] (1858–1942), [[pediatrician]]
* [[Georges Canguilhem]] (1904–1995), [[philosopher]] and member of the [[Académie française]] who specialized in the [[philosophy of science]]

== Education ==
* [[École nationale de l'aviation civile]]

==Military base==
The [[4th Foreign Regiment (France)|4th Foreign Regiment]] of the [[French Army]] has been stationed in Castelnaudary since 1976, and the base is open to the public on 30 April ([[Battle of Camarón|Camerone Day]]) and at Christmas.

==Cassoulet==

Castelnaudary styles itself ''Capitale Mondiale du Cassoulet'' ("World Capital of [[Cassoulet]]") and the apocryphal legend of the genesis of this dish (originally called ''estofat'') relates that it was first served to the defenders of the town during the siege of 1355.<ref name=Mairie>{{cite web | url=http://www.ville-castelnaudary.fr/fr/multipage.xml?pg=1&id=134662 | title=Cassoulet History from the ''Mairie'' of Castelnaudary | publisher=Mairie de Castelnaudary | access-date=June 26, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616135506/http://www.ville-castelnaudary.fr/fr/multipage.xml?pg=1&id=134662# | archive-date=2012-06-16 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

The town is home to La Grande Confrérie du Cassoulet de Castelnaudary (The Brotherhood of Castelnaudary's Cassoulet), an organization which seeks to promote and preserve  the dish and its associated traditions.  An annual festival celebrating cassoulet, "fête du Cassoulet", is held in the last full week of August; the town center is crowded with various versions of the traditional dish on that date.

The cassoulet variant favored in this town is based on the local [[haricot bean]] (which is the subject of a [[Geographical indications and traditional specialities (EU)|protected status]] application). It also includes goose or [[duck confit]], pork, and Toulouse sausage.<ref name=Mairie/>

Traditional peasant versions of the recipe can take two days or more to prepare. The traditional cooking vessel is an eponymous earthenware pot called a "[[cassole]]."

[[Rick Stein]] featured the Castelnaudary cassoulet in an episode of ''Rick Stein's French Odyssey'' and his recipe was published by [[BBC Food]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/database/cassoulet_76086.shtml |title=Cassoulet |last1=Stein |first1=Rick|publisher=[[BBC Food]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116210948/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/database/cassoulet_76086.shtml |archive-date=16 January 2008 |access-date=26 June 2012}}</ref>

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Castelnaudary (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
|Jan record high C = 20.0
|Feb record high C = 23.9
|Mar record high C = 27.7
|Apr record high C = 30.5
|May record high C = 33.8
|Jun record high C = 39.9
|Jul record high C = 40.0
|Aug record high C = 42.7
|Sep record high C = 35.6
|Oct record high C = 32.8
|Nov record high C = 25.4
|Dec record high C = 22.8
|Jan record low C = -15.6
|Feb record low C = -16.4
|Mar record low C = -9.4
|Apr record low C = -4.0
|May record low C = -1.0
|Jun record low C = 4.6
|Jul record low C = 7.0
|Aug record low C = 6.0
|Sep record low C = 2.8
|Oct record low C = -2.2
|Nov record low C = -7.6
|Dec record low C = -12.0
|Jan high C = 9.6
|Feb high C = 11.0
|Mar high C = 14.7
|Apr high C = 17.5
|May high C = 21.1
|Jun high C = 25.7
|Jul high C = 28.4
|Aug high C = 28.6
|Sep high C = 24.6
|Oct high C = 19.6
|Nov high C = 13.4
|Dec high C = 10.3
| year high C = 18.7
|Jan mean C = 6.4
|Feb mean C = 7.1
|Mar mean C = 10.1
|Apr mean C = 12.5
|May mean C = 16.2
|Jun mean C = 20.2
|Jul mean C = 22.5
|Aug mean C = 22.7
|Sep mean C = 19.2
|Oct mean C = 15.4
|Nov mean C = 10.0
|Dec mean C = 7.2
| year mean C = 14.1
|Jan low C = 3.3
|Feb low C = 3.3
|Mar low C = 5.4
|Apr low C = 7.6
|May low C = 11.2
|Jun low C = 14.8
|Jul low C = 16.7
|Aug low C = 16.8
|Sep low C = 13.8
|Oct low C = 11.1
|Nov low C = 6.6
|Dec low C = 4.0
| year low C = 9.6
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 66.6 
|Feb precipitation mm = 47.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 54.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 77.5
|May precipitation mm = 78.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 61.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 37.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 47.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 51.2
|Oct precipitation mm = 59.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 67.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 57.9
|year precipitation mm = 707.4
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 10.1
| Feb precipitation days = 8.6
| Mar precipitation days = 8.6
| Apr precipitation days = 9.7
| May precipitation days = 8.9
| Jun precipitation days = 6.9
| Jul precipitation days = 5.7
| Aug precipitation days = 5.4
| Sep precipitation days = 6.6
| Oct precipitation days = 7.9
| Nov precipitation days = 9.9
| Dec precipitation days = 9.1
| year precipitation days =97.5
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=11076001
|title=Normales et records pour Castelnaudary (11)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=14 December 2024}}</ref>}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

*{{cite book
|last = Catlos
|first = Brian
|title = The Rough Guide to Languedoc and Roussillon
|publisher = [[Rough Guides]]
|year = 2004
|pages = 107–110
|isbn = 1-84353-244-1 }}
*{{cite book
|last = André
|first = Jacques
|title = Guide du Canal du Midi
|publisher = Vert-Azur
|year = 2003
|pages = 107–113
|isbn = 2-911793-01-3
}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.ville-castelnaudary.fr/ Castelnaudary] (in French)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061214005817/http://www.castelnaudary-tourisme.com/ Castelnaudary Tourisme] (in French)

{{Aude communes}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Communes of Aude]]
[[Category:Languedoc]]
[[Category:Aude communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]