Editing Catarrh

{{Short description|Inflammation of mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body}}
{{For|other uses of catarrh or catarrhal|}}
{{Distinguish|Qatar}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Catarrh
| synonyms        = Catarrhal inflammation
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| pronounce       = {{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|t|ɑr}} {{respell|kə|TAR}}
| field           = [[Pulmonology]]
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'''Catarrh''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|t|ɑɹ}} {{respell|kə|TAR}}) is an inflammation of [[mucous membrane]]s in one of the [[airway]]s or cavities of the body,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/catarrh |title=Catarrh - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |access-date=November 8, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1865/03/03/news/chronic-catarrh-its-symptoms-causes-effects-few-practical-remarks-dr-lighthill.html |title=Chronic Catarrh — Its Symptoms, Causes and Effects. — A Few Practical Remarks by Dr. Lighthill, Author of "A Popular Treatise on Deafness", "Letters on Catarrh." No. 34 St. Mark's-Place, New-York. Symptoms of Catarrh. Causes of Catarrh. Treatment of Catarrh. From J.S. Beecher, Esq., firm of Ives, Beecher and Co., No. 98 Front-St. From Maj. Alvin Walker, Paymaster, U.S.A. From W. Larrabee, Esq. - Article |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 March 1865 |access-date=November 8, 2011}}</ref> usually with reference to the [[throat]] and [[paranasal sinuses]]. It can result in a thick exudate of [[mucus]] and [[Granulocyte|white blood cells]] caused by the swelling of the [[mucous membrane]]s in the [[Human head|head]] in response to an infection. It is a [[symptom]] usually associated with the [[common cold]], [[pharyngitis]], and chesty [[cough]]s, but it can also be found in patients with [[adenoiditis]], [[otitis media]], [[sinusitis]] or [[tonsillitis]].  The [[phlegm]] produced by catarrh may either discharge or cause a blockage that may become [[Chronic (medical)|chronic]].
[[File:Catarrh ad.jpg|thumb|An 1896 ad for Elys Cream Balm, a catarrh remedy]]
The word "catarrh" was widely used in [[medicine]] since before the era of medical science, which explains why it has various [[word sense|senses]] and in older texts may be synonymous with, or vaguely indistinguishable from, common cold, nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, [[rhinitis]], or sinusitis. The word is no longer as widely used in American medical practice, mostly because more precise words are available for any particular disease. Indeed, to the extent that it is still used, it is no longer viewed [[nosology|nosologically]] as a [[disease]] entity but instead as a [[symptom]], a [[medical sign|sign]], or a [[syndrome]] of both. The term "catarrh" is found in medical sources from the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web | title=Catarrh | website=nhs.uk | date=2022-05-06 | url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/catarrh/ | access-date=2022-08-30}}</ref> The word has also been common in the [[traditional medicine|folk medicine]] of [[Appalachia]], where medicinal plants have been used to treat the inflammation and drainage associated with the condition.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/rp/rp_ne138.pdf|title = A Guide to Medicinal Plants of Appalachia|date = 1969|access-date = May 12, 2015}}</ref>

== Clinical relevance ==
Because of the human ear's function of regulating the pressure within the head region, catarrh blockage may also cause discomfort during changes in atmospheric pressure.

==Etymology==
The word "catarrh" comes from 15th-century French ''catarrhe'', Latin catarrhus, and Greek {{Langx|grc|καταρρεῖν}}<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Catarrh}}</ref> (''katarrhein''): ''kata-'' meaning "down" and ''rhein'' meaning "to flow." The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' quotes Thomas Bowes' translation of Pierre de la Primaudaye's ''The [second part of the] French academic'' (1594): "Sodainely choked by catarrhs, which like to floods of waters, runner downwards."<ref>
{{Cite web |url = http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28774?rskey=r1oXde&result=1#eid |title = catarrh |access-date = May 12, 2015 |website = OED Online |publisher = Oxford University Press}}</ref>

==See also==
* {{annotated link|Allergy}}
* {{annotated link|Allergic rhinitis|aka=Hay fever}}
* {{annotated link|Rhinitis}}
* {{annotated link|Rheum}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Medical resources
| diseasesDB_mult = {{DiseasesDB2|1589}}
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{{wiktionary}}
*[https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/catarrh/ NHS]

[[Category:Otorhinolaryngology]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]