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Cauca Department
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{{Short description|Department of Colombia}} {{other uses|Cauca (disambiguation)}} {{One source|article|date=March 2009}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Department of Cauca | native_name = Departamento del Cauca | native_name_lang = es<!-- ISO 639-2 code --> | type = [[Departments of Colombia|Department]] | image_skyline = Volcán_Puracé_from_Popayán_-_2006.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = [[Puracé|Puracé volcano]] seen from [[Popayán]] | image_map1 = Cauca Topographic 2.png | map_caption1 = Topography of the department | image_flag = Flag of Cauca.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Escudo del Cauca.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = ''Por el Derecho a la Diferencia''<br /><small>(Spanish: ''For the Right to a Difference'')</small> | anthem = | image_map = Cauca in Colombia (mainland).svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Cauca shown in red | coordinates = {{coord|2|27|N|76|37|W|region:CO_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Colombia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Colombia|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Andean Region (Colombia)|Andean Region]]/[[Pacific Region (Colombia)|Pacific Region]] | parts_type = Largest city | parts_style = para | p1 = | established_title = [[Departments of Colombia|Department]] | established_date = 1824 | established_title1 = [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|Province]] | established_date1 = 1537 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Provinces of Colombia|Provinces]] | blank_info_sec1 = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Municipalities of Colombia|Municipalities]] | blank1_info_sec1 = 41 | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = [[Capital (political)|Capital]] | seat = [[Popayán]] | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = Elías Larrahondo Carabalí (2020-Present) | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 29308 | area_rank = [[List of Colombian Departments by area|13th]] | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=DANE |url=http://www.dane.gov.co/daneweb_V09/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75&Itemid=72 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113143414/http://www.dane.gov.co/daneweb_V09/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75&Itemid=72 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 November 2009 |access-date=13 February 2013 }}</ref> | population_total = 1,464,488 | population_as_of = 2018 | population_rank = [[List of Colombian Departments by population|11th]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | demographics_type1 = GDP | demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{citation|title=Producto Interno Bruto por departamento |url=https://www.dane.gov.co/files/operaciones/PIB/departamental/anex-PIBDep-TotalDepartamento-2022pr.xlsx|website=www.dane.gov.co}}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = Total | demographics1_info1 = [[Colombian peso|COP]] 25,768 billion<br />([[US$]] 6.1 billion) | timezone1 = [[UTC-05]] | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CO|CO-CAU]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2019) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.719<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref><br/>{{color|#0c0|high}} · [[List of Colombian departments by Human Development Index|25th of 33]] | website = | footnotes = }} '''Cauca Department''' ({{IPA|es|ˈkawka}}, {{langx|es|Departamento del Cauca}}) is a [[departments of Colombia|department]] of Southwestern [[Colombia]]. Located in the southwestern part of the country, facing the Pacific Ocean to the west,<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Cauca}}</ref> the [[Valle del Cauca Department]] to the north, [[Tolima Department]] to the northeast, [[Huila Department]] to the east, and [[Nariño Department]] to the south. Putumayo and Caqueta Departments border the southeast portion of Cauca Department as well. It covers a total area of {{Convert|29308|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, the 13th largest in Colombia. Its capital is the city of [[Popayán]]. The offshore island of [[Malpelo Island|Malpelo]] belongs to the department. It is located in the southwest of the country, mainly in [[Andean Region (Colombia)|the Andean]] and [[Pacific Region (Colombia)|Pacific regions]] (between 0°58′54″N and 3°19′04″N latitude, 75°47′36″W and 77°57′05″W longitude) plus a tiny part ([[Piamonte]]) in [[Amazonian Region|the Amazonian region]]. The area makes up 2.56% of the country. ==Administrative Division== {{More citations needed|section|date=July 2023}} [[File:Administrative context for Cauca Department, Colombia.png|thumb|Departments bordering Cauca; boundary intersections indicated in red.]] Cauca Department is divided into 42 municipalities, 99 districts, 474 police posts and numerous villages and populated places. The municipalities are grouped into 27 circles and 29 notaries: a circle-based registration in Popayán and eight sectional offices based in [[Bolívar, Cauca|Bolívar]], [[Caloto, Cauca|Caloto]], [[Puerto Tejada, Cauca|Puerto Tejada]], [[Santander de Quilichao]], [[Patia, Cauca|Patia]], [[Guapi, Cauca|Guapi]] and [[Silvia, Cauca|Silvia]], makes up the judicial district of Popayán. This district possesses 8 judicial circuit seats in Popayán, Bolívar, Caloto, Guapi, Patia, Puerto Tejada, Santander de Quilichao and Silvia. The department makes up the constituency of Cauca. ==Physiography== {{Unreferenced section|date=July 2023}} The relief of the territory of the department of Cauca belongs to the [[Andean Region (Colombia)|Andean system]] at the macro level seven distinguishing morphological units: # the [[Pacific Plate]] # the [[Pubenza Valley]] # the [[Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)|Western Cordillera]] # the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Central Cordillera]] # the Popayán Plateau # the [[Colombian Massif]] # the [[Patía Valley dry forests|Patía Valley]] # a small sliver of the [[Amazon Basin]] The Pacific Plate comprises two sectors, firstly the alluvial coastal belt or platform characterized by low, swampy, mangrove forest with many rivers estuaries subject to the ebb and flow of tides, the remainder is a plain or hills comprising the western slopes of the western cordillera. The western cordillera in Cauca extends from southwest to northeast. Among the most important landmarks are the blade of Napí, the hills of Guaduas, Munchique, and Naya, and the Cauca River Valley. The central mountain range crosses the department from south to north; relevant landmarks include Sotará Colcano, Petacas Nevado del [[Huila Department|Huila]], and the departmental boundary. The highlands of Popayán, sandwiched between the Western and Central Cordilleras, is seen as a landmark within the plateau of the hill of La Tetilla. Among the most representative landmarks of the Colombian Massif, shared with the department of [[Huila Department|Huila]], are the Páramo del Buey, the volcanoes of Cutanga and Puracé, the peak of Paletará, and the Sierra Nevada of Coconucos. Patia Valley, where the Patia River runs north–south and framed by the Central and Western mountain ranges, extends into [[Nariño Department]]. The Amazonian salient corresponds to the so-called Bota Caucana, through which flows the [[Japurá River]]. ==Colombian Massif== [[File:Vallecojines.jpg|thumb|left|The Valley of the Cushions, part of the [[Andes|Andes Mountains]].]] The Colombian Massif, also called the '''Nudo de Almaguer''', is a mountainous section of [[Andean natural region]] formed by the convergence of two major mountain ranges, the [[Cordillera Central (Colombia)|Central]] and the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Eastern]] cordilleras. The massif extends through the departments of Cauca, [[Huila Department|Huila]], and [[Nariño Department|Nariño]]. Towards the south, the Colombian Massif is continued by the [[Nudo de los Pastos|Pasto Massif]] and towards the north it diverges forming the Central and Eastern Andes. The [[Colombian Massif]] is a strategic national and international level, given its significance for water production, biodiversity and ecosystems, an area that represents a special conformation of the regions with more potential for development in Colombia. ==Hydrography== {{Unreferenced section|date=July 2023}} Cauca Department can be divided into the following hydrographic regions: # The Cauca river system, consisting of five major basins: Alto Cauca, Pacific, Alto Magdalena, Patia and Caqueta. Alto Cauca, the most important, is formed by the [[Cauca River]] and its tributaries: Palo, Guengué, Negro, Teta, Desbaratado, and Quilichao, Mondomo, Ovejas, Pescador, Robles, Piedras, Sucio, Palacé, Cofre, Honda, Cajibío, Piendamó, Tunia, Molino, Timbío and Blanco. #Patia basin, consists of the Patia River and its tributary rivers Guachinoco, Ismita, Bojoleo, El Guaba, Sambingo and Mayo. #Outside the Patia basin, the Pacific slope is mainly drained by the rivers Guapi, Timbiquí, Saija and Micay. #Alto Magdalena, whose main river is the [[Páez River]] which is fed by the rivers: San Vicente, Moras, Ullucos, Negro y Negro de Narvaez, and the streams: Toez, Símbola, Salado, Gualcar, Gallo, Macana, Honda and Totumo. #Caquetá basin, consists of the Caquetá River into which the rivers Cusiyaco, Cascabelito, Verdeyaco, Mandiyaco, Fragua, Cascabel, Curiaco and Pacayaco flow. Gorgonilla and [[Gorgona, Colombia|Gorgona]] islands are located in the Pacific Ocean and belong to Cauca Department. ==Economy== {{Historical populations |type = |footnote = Source:<ref>{{cite web|title=Reloj de Población|url=http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/|website=DANE|publisher=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísitica|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-date=16 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116020433/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |1938 | 356040 |1951 | 391509 |1964 | 607197 |1973 | 582709 |1985 | 857751 |1993 | 1127678 |2005 | 1268937 |2018 | 1464488 }} The Cauca economy is based primarily on agriculture and livestock production, forestry, fishing and trade. Agriculture has been developed and modernized in the northern department, with the main crops being sugar cane, cane panela, conventional maize, rice, corn tech, banana, agave, yucca, potatoes, coconut, sorghum, cocoa, groundnut, and palm. In the Pacific region is extracted gold, silver and platinum. Other non-precious minerals that are exploited are sulfur, asbestos, limestone, talc, gypsum and coal. The manufacturing industry is located in Popayán, [[Santander de Quilichao]], [[Puerto Tejada, Cauca|Puerto Tejada]] with factories of food, beverages, dairy products, paper, packaging, [[wood processing]], [[sugar industry]] and paper processing for export. The main centers of commercial activity are Popayán, Santander de Quilichao, [[Patia, Cauca|Patia]], Puerto Tejada, [[Piendamó, Cauca|Piendamó]] and [[Corinto, Cauca|Corinto]]. ==Municipalities== {{Div col}} *[[Almaguer, Cauca|Almaguer]] *[[Argelia, Cauca|Argelia]] *[[Balboa, Cauca|Balboa]] *[[Bolívar, Cauca|Bolívar]] *[[Buenos Aires, Cauca|Buenos Aires]] *[[Cajibio, Cauca|Cajibío]] *[[Caldono, Cauca|Caldono]] *[[Caloto, Cauca|Caloto]] *[[Corinto, Cauca|Corinto]] *[[El Tambo, Cauca|El Tambo]] *[[Florencia, Cauca|Florencia]] *[[Guapi, Cauca|Guapi]] *[[Inzá, Cauca|Inzá]] *[[Jambaló]] *[[La Sierra, Cauca|La Sierra]] *[[La Vega, Cauca|La Vega]] *[[López de Micay]] *[[Mercaderes, Cauca|Mercaderes]] *[[Miranda, Cauca|Miranda]] *[[Morales, Cauca|Morales]] *[[Padilla, Cauca|Padilla]] *[[Páez, Cauca|Páez]] *[[Patía, Cauca|Patía]] *[[Piamonte]] *[[Piendamó, Cauca|Piendamó]] *[[Popayán]] *[[Puerto Tejada, Cauca|Puerto Tejada]] *[[Puracé, Cauca|Puracé]] *[[Rosas, Cauca|Rosas]] *[[San Sebastián, Cauca|San Sebastián]] *[[Santander de Quilichao]] *[[Santa Rosa, Cauca|Santa Rosa]] *[[Silvia, Cauca|Silvia]] *[[Sotará, Cauca|Sotará]] *[[Suárez, Cauca|Suárez]] *[[Sucre, Cauca|Sucre]] *[[Timbío]] *[[Timbiquí]] *[[Toribío, Cauca|Toribío]] *[[Totoró, Cauca|Totoró]] *[[Villa Rica, Cauca|Villa Rica]] {{Div col end}} ==References== {{More footnotes needed|article|date=March 2009}} {{reflist}} ==External links== *{{official website|http://www.gobcauca.gov.co}} *{{Wikivoyage inline|Cauca}} *[http://siatac.co/web/guest/ Territorial-Environmental Information System of Colombian Amazon SIAT-AC website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617100909/http://siatac.co/web/guest |date=2020-06-17 }} {{Departments of Colombia}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Cauca Department| ]] [[Category:Departments of Colombia]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1857]] [[Category:1857 establishments in the Republic of New Granada]] [[Category:Green and yellow flags]]
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