Editing Cawsand

{{Short description|Twin villages in Cornwall, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{More citations needed|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox UK place
|country =                 England
|map_type=                 Cornwall
|coordinates = {{coord|50.3311|-4.2021|display=inline,title}}
|label_position= top
|official_name=            Cawsand
|cornish_name=             Porthbugh
|static_image_name= The Square Cawsand - geograph.org.uk - 1609248.jpg
|static_image_caption= The Square, Cawsand 
|population=               
|population_ref=
|civil_parish=             [[Maker-with-Rame]]
|unitary_england=          [[Cornwall Council|Cornwall]]
|lieutenancy_england =     [[Cornwall]]
|region=                   South West England
|constituency_westminster= [[South East Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency)|South East Cornwall]]
|post_town=                TORPOINT
|postcode_district =       PL10
|postcode_area=            PL
|dial_code=                01752
|os_grid_reference=        SX434502
}}

'''Cawsand''' ({{Langx|kw|Porthbugh}}; [[Literal translation|lit]]. ''Cow Cove'')<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-27 |title=Cawsand |url=https://www.akademikernewek.org.uk/place-names/content/cawsand |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=Map |language=en}}</ref> and [[Kingsand]] ([[Cornish language|Cornish]]: ''Porthruw'')<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-27 |title=Kingsand |url=https://www.akademikernewek.org.uk/place-names/content/kingsand |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=Map |language=en}}</ref> are twin villages in southeast [[Cornwall]], England, United Kingdom.<ref>Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 201 ''Plymouth & Launceston'' {{ISBN|978-0-319-23146-3}}</ref> The village is situated on the [[Rame Peninsula]] and is in the [[parish]] of [[Maker-with-Rame]].

Cawsand overlooks [[Plymouth Sound]] and adjoins [[Kingsand]], formerly on the border of [[Devon]] and Cornwall (the border has since been moved and now is situated on the [[River Tamar]]). Cawsand has two public houses: the Cross Keys Inn on Armada Road, not trading and for sale in September 2022, and the Bay bar, overlooking Cawsand beach.

Cawsand is within [[Mount Edgcumbe Country Park]]. There are frequent bus services to the city of [[Plymouth]] which is three miles to the north across Plymouth Sound.   There is also a ferry service in the summer (from [[Cawsand Bay]] to [[Plymouth Hoe]]) and a pilot gig club (Rame Gig Club).

The Rame Peninsula is considered part of the [[Forgotten Corner of Cornwall]].

== Geology ==
Cawsand Beach is sand and shingle with a network of [[Tide pool|rockpools]] and is found along The Bound.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingsand and Cawsand Beach Information - Cornwall Beach Guide |url=https://www.cornwallbeachguide.co.uk/secornwall/kingsand/kingsand.htm |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=www.cornwallbeachguide.co.uk}}</ref>

==History==
The settlement is first recorded in 1404.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornwall Council |title=Kingsand and Cawsand Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Management Plan |publisher=Cornwall Council |year=2012 |pages=8 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1596, local militia repelled an [[Attack on Cawsand|attack by Spanish forces]] and defences were built soon after.<ref name="Carew">{{cite book|last1=Carew|first1=Richard|title=The Survey of Cornwall|date=1953|publisher=Melrose|page=37|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lARKAQAAIAAJ}}</ref> Cawsand Fort (at {{Coord|50|19|56|N|4|12|9|W}}) is sited just above the village. The [[fort]] is an 1860s [[Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom]] fort built on the site of a 1779 [[artillery battery|battery]] to mount about 10 guns to cover the western entrance to [[Plymouth Sound]] by the breakwater. Released by the [[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Defence]] in 1926, it remained derelict until it was converted into residential accommodation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cawsand Fort |url=https://www.iwalkcornwall.co.uk/pi/cawsand_fort |access-date=2023-10-09 |website=www.iwalkcornwall.co.uk}}</ref>

Correspondence from 1801 to 1803 shows that [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Admiral Nelson]] had stayed in Cawsand<ref>''A Selection from the Public and Private Correspondence or Vice-Admiral Lord Collingwood'',G.L Newnham Collingwood, Volume 1, 2nd edition, pp. 111–114</ref> and it is rumoured that he had dined at the Ship Inn, which burned down in 2013 after several years of abandonment. The site has been cleared and is now being rebuilt by The Peninsula Trust which plans to turn the site into a cafe and affordable housing.<ref>The Old Ship Inn, Cawsand, www.thepeninsulatrust.org.uk</ref>
== Religion ==
[[St Andrew's Church, Cawsand|St Andrew's Church]] was built as a [[chapel of ease]] in 1877–78.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 May 1878 |title=St. Andrew's Chapel, Cawsand: Opening services |newspaper=The Western Morning News |location=Plymouth |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/18780529/075/0004 |url-access=subscription |access-date=17 August 2019 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]}}</ref> It is a [[Listed building|Grade II listed building]].<ref>{{NHLE|num=1329167|desc=CHURCH OF ST ANDREW, Maker-with-Rame|accessdate=17 August 2019}}</ref>

Originally built in 1793,<ref>Historic England, CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, [https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1140673?section=official-list-entry 1140673], in [https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/ National Heritage List for England]</ref> Cawsand also has a [[Congregational church|Congregational Church]].

==Notable people==
* [[John Pollard (Royal Navy officer)|John Pollard]], Royal Navy officer
* [[Thomas Ball Sulivan|Thomas Ball Sullivan]], Royal Navy officer
* [[Daniel Tyerman]], missionary

==Twinning==
[[File:Cawsand village and beach - geograph.org.uk - 116444.jpg|thumb|Cawsand village and beach]]
Cawsand is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with [[Porspoder]] in [[Brittany|Brittany, France]].<ref>Twinning Committee for Cornwall, www.twinningcommitteeforcornwall.weebly.com</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Cornwall}}
*[http://www.victorianforts.co.uk/pdf/datasheets/cawsand.pdf Victorian Forts data sheet on Cawsand Bay Battery]
*[http://www.rameheritage.co.uk/ Rame Heritage]
{{Commons category-inline|Cawsand}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Military history of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Forts of Plymouth, Devon]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Forts in Cornwall]]