Editing Censorinus

{{Short description|3rd-century Roman writer and grammarian}}
{{About||the lunar crater|Censorinus (crater)|other Romans named Censorinus|Marcius Censorinus}}

'''Censorinus''' ({{fl.|AD{{nbsp}}230}}) was a [[ancient Rome|Roman]] [[Philologist|grammarian]] and miscellaneous writer.

{{anchor|Biography|History}}
==Name==
From its grammatical form, Censorinus is presumably his [[cognomen]], the shared surname of a branch of a Roman family ({{lang|la|[[gens (Roman)|gens]]}}). The cognomen {{lang|la|Censorinus}} would typically be used by those descended from, [[Roman adoption|adopted by]], or related by prominent [[Roman marriage|marriage]] to someone who had held the office of [[Roman censor|censor]]. Censorinus's [[given name]] ({{lang|la|[[praenomen]]}}) and [[family name]] ({{lang|la|[[nomen (ancient Rome)|nomen]]}}) are unknown, although the [[Marcii Censorini]] were by far the most prominent family to use the cognomen. The author is sometimes distinguished as {{nowrap|'''Censorinus the Grammarian'''}} ({{lang|la|Censorinus Grammaticus}}).

==Life==
Little is known of Censorinus, although he lived during the 3rd century and apparently dedicated {{lang|la|De Die Natali}} to his patron Quintus Caerellius as a birthday gift.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

{{anchor|De Accentibus|De Die Natali}}

==Works==<!--linked-->
Censorinus was the author of a lost work {{lang|la|De Accentibus}} as well as the surviving {{lang|la|De Die Natali}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LacusCurtius • Censorinus — De Die Natali|url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Censorinus/text*.html|access-date=2021-02-24|website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref> 

{{lang|la|De Die Natali}}{{efn|Sometimes{{mdash}}mistakenly{{mdash}}given as {{lang|la|De Die Natale}}.}} ([[Latin language|Latin]] for "On the Natal Day" or "On the Birthday") or {{lang|la|Opusculum de Die Natali}} ("Little Work on the Birthday") was apparently written in 238 for the birthday of Censorinus's patron Quintus Caerellius. The contents are of a varied character: the natural history of man, the influence of the stars and ''[[Genius (mythology)|genii]],'' music, [[Ritual|religious rites]], [[astronomy]], the doctrines of the [[Greek philosophers]], and [[antiquarian]] subjects. The second part deals with chronological and mathematical questions, and has been of great service in determining the principal epochs of ancient history. The whole is full of curious and interesting information. The style is clear and concise, although somewhat [[rhetoric]]al, and the {{linktext|Latinity}}—for the period—good. The chief authorities used were [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]] and [[Suetonius' minor works|Suetonius]]. Some scholars, indeed, hold that the entire work is practically an adaptation of the lost ''Pratum'' of Suetonius. The fragments of a work ''De Naturali Institutione'', dealing with astronomy, [[geometry]], [[music]], and [[Metre (poetry)|versification]], and usually printed with the ''De Die Natali'' of Censorinus, are not by him. Part of the original manuscript, containing the end of the genuine work, and the title and name of the author of the fragment are lost.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

==Legacy==
A bright [[Censorinus (crater)|crater]] in the [[Mare Tranquillitatis|Sea of Tranquility]] on the Moon has been named after him.

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Editions===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |editor-last= |editor-first= |title=De Die Natali |language=la |publisher=Benedetto Faelli |location=Bologna |date=1497 |url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=13257978 }}.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title= |editor-last=Lindenbrog |editor-first=Heinrich |language=la |publisher= |location= |date=1614 |url= }}.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title=Sur le Jour Natal |editor-last=Mangeart |editor-first=J. |language=fr |publisher=C.L.F. Panckoucke |location=Paris |date=1614 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/F/Roman/Texts/Censorinus/home.html }}.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title= |editor-last=Jahn |editor-first=Otto |editor-link=Otto Jahn |language=la |publisher= |location= |date=1845 |url= }}.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title= |editor-last=Hultsch |editor-first=Friedrich |editor-link=Friedrich Hultsch |language=la |publisher= |location= |date=1867 |url= }}.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title=De Die Natali Liber ad Q. Caerellium |editor-last=Cholodniak |editor-first=Ivan |language=la |publisher=Russian Imperial Academy of Science |location=St Petersburg |date=1889 |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Censorinus/text*.html }}.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title=De Die Natali ("The Natal Day") |editor-last=Maude |editor-first=William |publisher=Cambridge Encyclopedia Co. |location=New York |date=1900 |url=https://elfinspell.com/ClassicalTexts/Maude/Censorinus/Contents-Preface-Memoir.html }}, omitting the first 11 chapters.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title=Censorinus: The Birthday Book |editor-last=Parker |editor-first=Holt N. |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |date=2007 |url= |isbn=978-0-226-09974-3 }}.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title=Censorinus: Über den Geburtstag |editor-last=Brodersen |editor-first=Kai |language=de |publisher=WBG |location=Darmstadt |date=2012 |url= |isbn=978-3-534-18154-4 }}.
* {{citation |author=[[Censorius]] |display-authors=0 |title=Censorinus: Das Geburtstagsbuch |editor-last=Brodersen |editor-first=Kai |language=de |publisher=Primus |location=Darmstadt |date=2011 |url= |isbn=978-3-89678-752-1 }}.
{{refend}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Censorinus|volume=5|page=662}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20121204163129/http://kaali.linguist.jussieu.fr/CGL/index.jsp Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum: complete texts and full bibliography]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Censorinus}}
[[Category:3rd-century Romans]]
[[Category:Grammarians of Latin]]
[[Category:3rd-century writers in Latin]]
[[Category:Ancient Roman antiquarians]]

{{AncientRome-bio-stub}}