Editing Cervelliere

{{short description|Hemispherical, close-fitting skull cap of steel or iron}}

[[File:Łebka.jpg|thumb|right|Early cervelliere (11–12th century)]]
[[File:Bascinet MET 29.158.33 005AA2015.jpg|thumb|Late cervelliere (14th century), also included as early form of [[bascinet]]]]

A '''cervelliere''' (cervelière, cervelliera;<ref name=muendel/> {{langx|la|cervellerium}},<ref name=ducange/> {{Lang|la|cerebrarium}},<ref name=planche/> ''{{Lang|la|cerebrerium}}, {{Lang|la|cerebotarium}}''<ref>Planché, loc. cit., citing ''Chronicon Francisi Pepina'', lib. ii. cap. 50</ref>) is a hemispherical, close-fitting<ref name=Nicolle-outremer/> [[Military helmet|skull cap]] of steel or iron.<ref name=planche/> It was worn as a [[helmet]] during the [[medieval]] period and a version known as a ''secret'' was worn under felt hats during the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] in the [[early modern period]].

== History ==
The cervelliere was first introduced during the late 12th century. It was worn either alone or more often over or under a [[chainmail|mail]] [[coif]].<ref name=Nicolle-outremer/> Additionally, a [[great helm]] could be worn over a cervelliere,<ref name=Nicolle-outremer>{{Harvnb|Nicolle|1996|p=51}}</ref> and by the late 13th century this was the usual practice.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}

Over time, the cervelliere experienced several evolutions. Many helmets became increasingly pointed and the back of the skull cap elongated to cover the neck, thus developing into the [[bascinet]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Petersen|1968}} (''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', "Helmet")</ref>  Cerveillieres were worn throughout the medieval period and even during the Renaissance.<ref>Douglas Miller, ''Armies of the German Peasants' War 1524-26'' (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003), 47.</ref>  They were cheap and easy to produce and thus much used by commoners and non-professional soldiers who could not afford more advanced protection.

Anecdotally, medieval literature credits the invention of the cervellière to astrologer [[Michael Scot]] {{Circa|1233}},<ref name=muendel/> though this is not seriously entertained by most historians.<ref name=muendel>{{Harvnb|Muendel|2002}}</ref> The ''Chronicon Nonantulanum''<ref group="note">Planché gives ''Nantubanum'' but ''Nonantulanum'' is given by Du Cange</ref> records that the astrologer devised the iron-plate cap shortly before his own predicted death, which he still inevitably met when a stone weighing two ounces fell on his protected head.<ref name=ducange>{{Harvnb|Du Cange|1842|p=295}}</ref><ref name=planche>{{Harvnb|Planché|1896|loc=volume 2|p=88}}</ref>

==Notes==
<references group="note"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|author-link=Frederick William Fairholt|last=Fairholt|first=Frederick William|title=Costume in England: a history of dress to the end of the eighteenth century|place=London|publisher=George Bell and sons|volume=2|edition=4th|year=1896|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjraAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA116}}
* {{cite journal|last=Muendel|first=John|title=The Manufacture of the Skullcap (''Cervelliera'') in the Florentine Countryside during the Age of Dante and the Problem of Identifying Michael Scot as its Inventor|journal=Early Science and Medicine|volume=7|number=2|year=2002|pages=93–120|jstor=4130215|doi=10.1163/157338202x00045}}
* {{cite book|last=Petersen|first=Harold Leslie|contribution=Helmet|title=Encyclopædia Britannica|place=London|volume=11|year=1968|page=335-}}
* {{cite book|author-link=David Nicolle|last=Nicolle|first=David|title=Knight of Outremer AD 1187-1344|place=London|publisher=Osprey|year=1996|isbn=1855325551|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_FO270pBG64C&pg=PA51}}
* {{cite book|author-link=James Robinson Planché|last=Planché|first=James Robinson|title=A cyclopaedia of costume or dictionary of dress|place=London|publisher=George Bell and sons|volume=2|edition=4th|year=1896|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGMYAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA88}}
*{{cite book|author-link=Du Cange|last=Du Cange|first=Charles Du Fresne|title=Glossarium mediae et infimae Latinitatis |place=Paris|publisher=Firmin Didot|volume=2|year=1842|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCB3-LPwWA8C&pg=PA295|page=295}}
{{Refend}}{{Elements of Medieval armor}}
{{helmets}}

[[Category:Medieval helmets]]


{{Medieval-armour-stub}}

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