Editing Ceyhan

{{Infobox Turkey place
| type                 = metro district
| name                 = Ceyhan
| image_skyline        = Ceyhan General view 5756.jpg
| image_caption        = 
| image_map            = Adana location Ceyhan.svg
| map_caption          = Map showing Ceyhan District in Adana Province
| coordinates          = {{coord|37|01|44|N|35|48|45|E|region:TR|display=inline,title}}
| province             = Adana
| leader_party         = CHP
| leader_name          = Hülya Erdem
| leader_name1         = 
| area_total_km2       = 1426
| elevation_m          = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/>
| population_total     = 158922
| population_as_of     = 2022
| postal_code          = 01960
| area_code            = 0322
| website              = {{url|http://www.ceyhan.bel.tr/}}
}}
'''Ceyhan''' ({{IPA|tr|ˈdʒejhan|pron}}) is a municipality and [[Districts of Turkey|district]] of [[Adana Province]], [[Turkey]].<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</ref> Its area is 1,426&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=12 July 2023}}</ref> and its population is 158,922 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=12 July 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> It is the most populous district of the province, outside the city of [[Adana]]. Ceyhan is the transportation hub for Middle Eastern and Central Asian oil and natural gas. The city is situated on the [[Ceyhan River]] that flows through [[Çukurova]] plain. The Ceyhan River is dammed at [[Aslantaş Dam|Aslantas]] to provide [[flood control]] and irrigation for the lower river basin around Ceyhan.

==Climate==
Ceyhan has a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa'')<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6/tables/1 |journal=Nature: Scientific Data |language=en}}</ref> with very hot, muggy summers with low precipitation, and mild, rainy winters.

{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | collapsed   = yes
 | metric first = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = Ceyhan (1991–2020)
 | Jan high C = 14.2
 | Feb high C = 15.9
 | Mar high C = 19.3
 | Apr high C = 23.5
 | May high C = 28.1
 | Jun high C = 31.8
 | Jul high C = 34.0
 | Aug high C = 34.5
 | Sep high C = 32.7
 | Oct high C = 29.1
 | Nov high C = 21.9
 | Dec high C = 15.9
 | year high C = 25.1
 | Jan mean C = 8.3
 | Feb mean C = 9.5
 | Mar mean C = 12.8
 | Apr mean C = 16.7
 | May mean C = 21.2
 | Jun mean C = 25.2
 | Jul mean C = 28.0
 | Aug mean C = 28.3
 | Sep mean C = 25.5
 | Oct mean C = 21.1
 | Nov mean C = 14.3
 | Dec mean C = 9.7
 | year mean C = 18.4
 | Jan low C = 3.7
 | Feb low C = 4.4
 | Mar low C = 7.2
 | Apr low C = 10.7
 | May low C = 14.9
 | Jun low C = 19.0
 | Jul low C = 22.5
 | Aug low C = 22.9
 | Sep low C = 19.2
 | Oct low C = 14.5
 | Nov low C = 8.3
 | Dec low C = 5.1
 | year low C = 12.7
 | precipitation colour = green
 | Jan precipitation mm = 103.17
 | Feb precipitation mm = 101.96
 | Mar precipitation mm = 83.48
 | Apr precipitation mm = 65.46
 | May precipitation mm = 51.27
 | Jun precipitation mm = 22.46
 | Jul precipitation mm = 8.41
 | Aug precipitation mm = 4.19
 | Sep precipitation mm = 26.81
 | Oct precipitation mm = 42.2
 | Nov precipitation mm = 78.64
 | Dec precipitation mm = 133.84
 | year precipitation mm = 721.89

 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
 | Jan precipitation days = 7.6
 | Feb precipitation days = 7.6
 | Mar precipitation days = 7.9
 | Apr precipitation days = 6.5
 | May precipitation days = 5.1
 | Jun precipitation days = 2.7
 | Jul precipitation days = 2.1
 | Aug precipitation days = 1.1
 | Sep precipitation days = 3.2
 | Oct precipitation days = 4.6
 | Nov precipitation days = 5.3
 | Dec precipitation days = 8.5
 | year precipitation days = 62.2

 | Jan humidity = 67.3
 | Feb humidity = 65.5
 | Mar humidity = 65.1
 | Apr humidity = 65.8
 | May humidity = 64.1
 | Jun humidity = 63.5
 | Jul humidity = 66.2
 | Aug humidity = 67.0
 | Sep humidity = 63.0
 | Oct humidity = 59.2
 | Nov humidity = 60.3
 | Dec humidity = 68.7
 | year humidity = 64.6
 | source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Ceyhan_17960.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ceyhan
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 13, 2024}}</ref>
}}

==Economy==
Ceyhan's marine transport terminal is the Mediterranean terminus of the [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]] (the "BTC") which brings [[petroleum|crude oil]] from the landlocked [[Caspian Sea]] across [[Azerbaijan]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and entering Turkey in the northeast. The pipeline was completed in May 2005. The terminal contains seven storage tanks, a jetty capable of loading two [[Tanker (ship)|tanker]]s of up to {{DWT|300,000|metric|disp=long}} simultaneously, metering facilities, a [[Industrial wastewater treatment|waste water treatment plant]] and vapor [[incineration]] ("burn-off") facilities.

Ceyhan Terminal is also the destination of [[Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline]] but this was closed in 2024 due to a payment dispute.<ref name="v260">{{cite web | author=Gary Dixon (g_dixon) | title=No way out: ‘Hormuz closure would rock tanker markets’, says BRS | website=TradeWinds | date=2024-10-08 | url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/tankers/no-way-out-hormuz-closure-would-rock-tanker-markets-says-brs/2-1-1721116?zephr_sso_ott=8tfeAp | access-date=2024-10-10}}</ref>

==Contemporary Life==
Ceyhan is the second most developed and populated district of [[Adana Province]] after the center of [[Adana]]. The river runs through the district.

==Transport==
[[Adana Şakirpaşa Airport]] is the closest airport to Ceyhan {{cvt|60|km|0}} west of the city. There are domestic and international flights to numerous destinations from the airport. There was a plane crash here in 1999. A Saudi bound plane carrying Hajj pilgrims crashed a few minutes after take off. There were many deaths.

[[Ceyhan railway station]] was opened in 1912 as part of the [[Berlin–Baghdad railway]]. The station is currently served by two regional lines and one long-distance line. Regional lines run from [[Mersin]] to [[İskenderun]] and Mersin to [[İslahiye]]; long-distance line runs from [[Adana]] to [[Elazığ]]. There are three services daily to [[Adana Central Station]] to connect to the western destinations; Mersin, Ankara, Karaman and Kayseri.

==Places of interest==
*The [[Kurtkulağı Kervansarayı|Caravanserai of Kurtkulağı]] - built in 1659 by Hüseyin Paşa, architect Mehmed Ağa.
*[[commons:Category:Tumlu castle|Tumlu Kale]] or Dumlukale - another castle.
*[[Sirkeli Höyük]] - built to commemorate a battle here between [[Hittites|Hittite]] emperor [[Muvattali]] and the Egyptian pharaoh Rameses.

==Composition==
There are 112 [[mahalle|neighbourhoods]] in Ceyhan District:<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Adapınar, Ceyhan|Adapınar]]
* Adatepe
* [[Ağaçlı, Ceyhan|Ağaçlı]]
* [[Ağaçpınar, Ceyhan|Ağaçpınar]]
* [[Akdam, Ceyhan|Akdam]]
* [[Altıgözbekirli, Ceyhan|Altıgözbekirli]]
* [[Altıkara, Ceyhan|Altıkara]]
* Altıocak
* Atatürk
* [[Aydınlar, Ceyhan|Aydınlar]]
* Aytemuroğlu
* [[Azizli, Ceyhan|Azizli]]
* [[Başören, Ceyhan|Başören]]
* Belediye Evleri
* Birkent
* Bota
* Burhaniye
* [[Burhanlı, Ceyhan|Burhanlı]]
* [[Büyükburhaniye, Ceyhan|Büyükburhaniye]]
* Büyükkırım
* [[Büyükmangıt, Ceyhan|Büyükmangıt]]
* [[Çakaldere, Ceyhan|Çakaldere]]
* [[Camuzağılı, Ceyhan|Camuzağılı]]
* [[Çataklı, Ceyhan|Çataklı]]
* [[Çatalhüyük, Ceyhan|Çatalhüyük]]
* [[Çevretepe, Ceyhan|Çevretepe]]
* [[Ceyhanbekirli, Ceyhan|Ceyhanbekirli]]
* [[Çiçekli, Ceyhan|Çiçekli]]
* [[Çiftlikler, Ceyhan|Çiftlikler]]
* Civantayak
* [[Çokçapınar, Ceyhan|Çokçapınar]]
* Cumhuriyet
* [[Dağıstan, Ceyhan|Dağıstan]]
* [[Değirmendere, Ceyhan|Değirmendere]]
* [[Değirmenli, Ceyhan|Değirmenli]]
* [[Dikilitaş, Ceyhan|Dikilitaş]]
* [[Dokuztekne, Ceyhan|Dokuztekne]]
* Doruk
* [[Durhasandede, Ceyhan|Durhasandede]]
* [[Dutlupınar, Ceyhan|Dutlupınar]]
* [[Ekinyazı, Ceyhan|Ekinyazı]]
* [[Elmagölü, Ceyhan|Elmagölü]]
* Emek
* [[Erenler, Ceyhan|Erenler]]
* Esentepe
* Fatih Sultan Mehmet
* Gazi Osman Paşa
* [[Gümürdülü, Ceyhan|Gümürdülü]]
* [[Gündoğan, Ceyhan|Gündoğan]]
* [[Günlüce, Ceyhan|Günlüce]]
* [[Hamdilli, Ceyhan|Hamdilli]]
* [[Hamidiye, Ceyhan|Hamidiye]]
* [[Hamitbey, Ceyhan|Hamitbey]]
* [[Hamitbeybucağı, Ceyhan|Hamitbeybucağı]]
* Hürriyet
* [[İmran, Ceyhan|İmran]]
* [[İnceyer, Ceyhan|İnceyer]]
* İnönü
* [[Irmaklı, Ceyhan|Irmaklı]]
* [[İsalı, Ceyhan|İsalı]]
* [[Isırganlı, Ceyhan|Isırganlı]]
* İstiklal
* [[Karakayalı, Ceyhan|Karakayalı]]
* Kelemeti
* [[Kılıçkaya, Ceyhan|Kılıçkaya]]
* [[Kıvrıklı, Ceyhan|Kıvrıklı]]
* [[Kızıldere, Ceyhan|Kızıldere]]
* Konakoğlu
* [[Köprülü, Ceyhan|Köprülü]]
* [[Körkuyu, Ceyhan|Körkuyu]]
* Koruklu
* [[Kösreli, Ceyhan|Kösreli]]
* [[Küçükburhaniye, Ceyhan|Küçükburhaniye]]
* Küçükkırım
* [[Küçükmangıt, Ceyhan|Küçükmangıt]]
* [[Kurtkulağı, Ceyhan|Kurtkulağı]]
* [[Kurtpınar, Ceyhan|Kurtpınar]]
* [[Kuzucak, Ceyhan|Kuzucak]]
* [[Mercimek, Ceyhan|Mercimek]]
* [[Mercin, Ceyhan|Mercin]]
* Mithatpaşa
* Modernevler
* Muradiye
* [[Mustafabeyli, Adana|Mustafabeyli]]
* Namık Kemal
* [[Narlık, Ceyhan|Narlık]]
* [[Nazımbey Yeniköy, Ceyhan|Nazımbey Yeniköy]]
* [[Sağırlar, Ceyhan|Sağırlar]]
* [[Sağkaya, Ceyhan|Sağkaya]]
* Şahin Özbilen
* [[Sarıbahçe, Ceyhan|Sarıbahçe]]
* [[Sarımazı]]
* Sarısakal
* Şehit Hacı Ibrahim
* [[Selimiye, Ceyhan|Selimiye]]
* [[Sirkeli, Ceyhan|Sirkeli]]
* [[Soğukpınar, Ceyhan|Soğukpınar]]
* [[Soysallı, Ceyhan|Soysallı]]
* [[Tatarlı, Ceyhan|Tatarlı]]
* [[Tatlıkuyu, Ceyhan|Tatlıkuyu]]
* [[Toktamış, Ceyhan|Toktamış]]
* [[Tumlu, Ceyhan|Tumlu]]
* [[Üçdutyeşilova, Ceyhan|Üçdutyeşilova]]
* Ulus
* [[Veysiye, Ceyhan|Veysiye]]
* [[Yalak, Ceyhan|Yalak]]
* Yarsuat
* [[Yellibel, Ceyhan|Yellibel]]
* [[Yeşilbahçe, Ceyhan|Yeşilbahçe]]
* [[Yeşildam, Ceyhan|Yeşildam]]
* [[Yılankale, Ceyhan|Yılankale]]
* Zübeyde Hanım
{{div col end}}

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey}}

Ceyhan is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|AZE}} [[Sumgait]], [[Azerbaijan]]<ref name="Azerbaijan twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html |title=Twin-cities of Azerbaijan |access-date=2013-08-09 |work=Azerbaijans.com |archive-date=2013-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809115218/http://www.azerbaijans.com/content_1719_en.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sumqayit-ih.gov.az/content.php?page=beynelxalq_elaqeler |title=Sumqayıt şəhər icra hakimiyyəti. Beynəlxalq Əlaqələr |trans-title=Sumgayit Executive Power. International Relations |access-date=2010-12-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220065219/http://sumqayit-ih.gov.az//content.php?page=beynelxalq_elaqeler |archive-date=2010-12-20}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Çukurova]]
*[[Cilicia War]]
*[[Timeline of the Turkish War of Independence]]
*[[Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline]]
{{commons category|Ceyhan}}

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Adana|}}
{{Ceyhan District}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ceyhan| ]]
[[Category:Çukurova]]
[[Category:Populated places in Adana Province]]
[[Category:Districts of Adana Province]]
[[Category:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey]]