Editing Chōshi

{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Chōshi
| native_name             = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|銚子市}}}}
| official_name           = 
| native_name_lang        = ja
| settlement_type         = [[Cities of Japan|City]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto -->
| image_skyline           = Choshi Montage 2.jpg
| imagesize               = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = {{crlf2}}
{{(!}} style="width:280px; margin:2px auto; border-collapse:collapse"
{{!}} style="width:50%"{{!}} Chōshi Fishing Port{{!!}} style="width:50%"{{!}}[[Inubōsaki Lighthouse]]
{{!-}}
{{!}} style="width:50%"{{!}}Yamasa Soy Sauce {{!!}} style="width:50%" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle"{{!}}Chōshi Port Tower
{{!-}}
{{!}} style="width:50%"{{!}}[[Inuboh Station]]
{{!-}}
{{!}} style="width:50%"{{!}}[[Byōbugaura]]{{!!}} style="width:50%"{{!}} Chōshi Public Hall
{{!)}}
| image_flag              = Flag of Choshi, Chiba.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_seal              =千葉県銚子市市章.svg
| seal_alt                = 
| image_shield            = 
| shield_alt              = 
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               = Choshi in Chiba Prefecture Ja.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Chōshi in Chiba Prefecture
| pushpin_map             = Japan
| pushpin_label_position  = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = &nbsp; 
| coordinates             = {{coord|35|44|4.7|N|140|49|36.4|E|region:JP|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates_footnotes   = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = Japan
| subdivision_type1       = [[List of regions of Japan|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Kantō region|Kanto]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Prefectures of Japan|Prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]]
| subdivision_type3       = 
| subdivision_name3       = 
<!-- established -->
| established_title  = First official recorded  
| established_date   = 728 AD {{citation needed|date=December 2020}}    
| established_title2       = City established
| established_date2     = February 11, 1933
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type               = <!-- defaults to: Seat -->
| seat                    = 
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Shinichi Koshikawa (since 17 May 2013)
| leader_title1           = 
| leader_name1            = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
<!-- display settings  -->
| total_type              = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref               = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area -->
| area_magnitude          = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_footnotes          = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_total_km2          = 84.19
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = 
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_m             = 
<!-- population -->
| population_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total        = 59174
| population_as_of        = December 1, 2020
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_est          = 
| pop_est_as_of           = 
| population_demonym      = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool -->
| population_note         = 
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Japan Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1             = +9
| timezone1_DST           = 
| utc_offset1_DST         = 
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code               = 
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank_name_sec1         = Phone&nbsp;number
| blank_info_sec1         = 0479-24-8181
| blank1_name_sec1        = Address
| blank1_info_sec1        = 1-1 Wakamiyachō, Chōshi-shi, Chiba-ken 288-8601
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2        = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info_sec2        = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{Official|1=http://www.city.choshi.chiba.jp/}}
| footnotes               = 
| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes
 | tree = [[Camellia sasanqua|Sazanka]]
 | flower = Ōmatsuyoigusa <small>([[Oenothera]] erythrosepala)</small>
 | bird = 
 | flowering_tree = 
 | butterfly = 
 | fish = [[Sardine]]
 | other_symbols = 
}}
}}
[[File:Choshi cityoffice.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Chōshi City Hall]]
[[File:Estuary of Tone river 20081229.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Estuary of Tone River]]
'''Chōshi''' ({{langx|ja|銚子市|Chōshi-shi}}, {{IPA|ja|tɕoːɕi|pron}}) is a [[Cities of Japan|city]] located in [[Chiba Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. {{As of|2020|12|01}}, the city had an estimated [[population]] of  59,174 in 27,160 households and a [[population density]] of {{convert|700|PD/km2}}.<ref name="Chōshi-hp">{{cite web |url=https://www.city.choshi.chiba.jp |title= Chōshi city official statistics|location= Japan|language= ja}}</ref> The total area of the city is {{convert|84.19|km²|1|abbr=on}}.

==Geography==
Chōshi is located in the northeastern part of Chiba prefecture, about 65 kilometers from the prefectural capital at [[Chiba (city)|Chiba]] and 90 to 100 kilometers from central Tokyo. [[Cape Inubō]], within the city, is the easternmost point in the [[Kantō region]]. Chōshi is noted for its dramatic sea coast on the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref name="c">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei |title=銚子市 |trans-title=Choshi |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |access-date=2012-05-25 |year=2012 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |language=ja |oclc=173191044 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archive-date=2007-08-25 }}</ref> The [[Tone River]] runs through the northern part of the city. Takagami Atagoyama (elevation 73.6 meters) is the highest peak.

===Neighboring municipalities===
Chiba Prefecture
*[[Asahi, Chiba|Asahi]]
*[[Tōnoshō, Chiba|Tōnoshō]]
Ibaraki Prefecture
*[[Kamisu, Ibaraki|Kamisu]]

===Climate===
Chōshi has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.  The average annual temperature in Chōshi is {{cvt|15.8|C}}. The average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1712.4|mm}} with October as the wettest month. The temperature is highest on average in August, at around {{cvt|25.5|C}}, and lowest in January, at around {{cvt|6.6|C}}.<ref name=normals/>

{{Weather box
|width=auto
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Chōshi (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1887−present)
|Jan record high C = 23.6
|Feb record high C = 24.0
|Mar record high C = 23.3
|Apr record high C = 25.9
|May record high C = 29.5
|Jun record high C = 30.9
|Jul record high C = 34.8
|Aug record high C = 35.9
|Sep record high C = 33.7
|Oct record high C = 30.6
|Nov record high C = 24.8
|Dec record high C = 23.4
|Jan record low C = -6.2
|Feb record low C = -7.3
|Mar record low C = -4.3
|Apr record low C = -0.2
|May record low C = 4.3
|Jun record low C = 10.2
|Jul record low C = 13.0
|Aug record low C = 15.9
|Sep record low C = 11.2
|Oct record low C = 4.5
|Nov record low C = -1.3
|Dec record low C = -4.6
|Jan high C = 10.1
|Feb high C = 10.3
|Mar high C = 12.8
|Apr high C = 17.0
|May high C = 20.5
|Jun high C = 23.0
|Jul high C = 26.6
|Aug high C = 28.6
|Sep high C = 25.9
|Oct high C = 21.5
|Nov high C = 17.3
|Dec high C = 12.7
|Jan mean C = 6.6
|Feb mean C = 6.9
|Mar mean C = 9.7
|Apr mean C = 13.8
|May mean C = 17.4
|Jun mean C = 20.2
|Jul mean C = 23.5
|Aug mean C = 25.5
|Sep mean C = 23.4
|Oct mean C = 19.2
|Nov mean C = 14.4
|Dec mean C = 9.3
|Jan low C = 2.9
|Feb low C = 3.3
|Mar low C = 6.4
|Apr low C = 10.7
|May low C = 14.8
|Jun low C = 17.9
|Jul low C = 21.2
|Aug low C = 23.3
|Sep low C = 21.3
|Oct low C = 16.8
|Nov low C = 11.1
|Dec low C = 5.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 105.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 90.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 149.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 127.3
|May precipitation mm = 135.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 166.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 128.3
|Aug precipitation mm = 94.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 216.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 272.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 133.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 92.9
|year precipitation mm = 1712.4
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 7.1
|Feb precipitation days = 7.6
|Mar precipitation days = 11.7
|Apr precipitation days = 10.9
|May precipitation days = 10.0
|Jun precipitation days = 10.9
|Jul precipitation days = 8.9
|Aug precipitation days = 6.3
|Sep precipitation days = 10.5
|Oct precipitation days = 12.0
|Nov precipitation days = 9.5
|Dec precipitation days = 7.3
|Jan snow cm = trace
|Feb snow cm = trace
|Mar snow cm = 0
|Apr snow cm = 0
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0
|Nov snow cm = 0
|Dec snow cm = 0
|year snow cm = trace
|unit snow days = 1 cm
|Jan snow days = 0.1
|Feb snow days = 0.1
|Mar snow days = 0
|Apr snow days = 0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0
|Dec snow days = 0
|humidity colour= green
|Jan humidity = 62
|Feb humidity = 64
|Mar humidity = 68
|Apr humidity = 74
|May humidity = 82
|Jun humidity = 88
|Jul humidity = 90
|Aug humidity = 87
|Sep humidity = 84
|Oct humidity = 77
|Nov humidity = 72
|Dec humidity = 66
|Jan sun = 179.8
|Feb sun = 159.0
|Mar sun = 168.9
|Apr sun = 183.0
|May sun = 188.9
|Jun sun = 142.3
|Jul sun = 174.0
|Aug sun = 221.3
|Sep sun = 159.0
|Oct sun = 137.9
|Nov sun = 140.1
|Dec sun = 163.7
|year sun = 2017.8
|source 1 = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=45&block_no=47648&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:観測史上1～10位の値（年間を通じての値）
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = April 2, 2022}}</ref><ref name=normals>{{cite web
| url = https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=45&block_no=47648&year=&month=&day=&view=h0
|script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値） 
| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency|JMA]]
| access-date = April 2, 2022}}</ref>}}

==Demographics==
Per Japanese census data,<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/php/japan-chiba.php Chōshi population statistics]</ref> the population of Chōshi in 2020 is approximately 58,000.

{{Historical populations
| 1920 | 55,459
| 1930 | 66,411
| 1940 | 74,571
| 1950 | 90,398
| 1960 | 91,470
| 1970 | 90,415
| 1980 | 89,416
| 1990 | 85,138
| 2000 | 78,698
| 2010 | 70,210
| 2020 | 58,431
|align       = none
| footnote = 
}}

==History==
[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Bonito Fishing on Choshi Bay (Province of) Shimosa - Shotei Hokujiu.jpg|thumb|An 18th century block print showing bonito fishing in Choshi Bay]]
Chōshi has been noted as a fishing port since ancient times. The [[commercial fishing]] and [[soy sauce]] industries were developed in Chōshi by the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] during the [[Edo period]] (1603&ndash;1868). Their development continued in the early industrialization of Japan in the [[Meiji period]] (1868&ndash;1912). The town of Chōshi was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Noted soy sauce producer [[Yamasa]] was incorporated in 1928, and Higeta in 1932. Chōshi was elevated to city status on February 11, 1933.<ref name="n">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) |title=銚子市 |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |access-date=2012-06-26 |year=2012 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |language=ja |trans-title=Chōshi |oclc=153301537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archive-date=2007-08-25 }}</ref>

Chōshi was a center of industrial unrest in the early 20th century; there were numerous strikes and labor disputes at the soy sauce factories, and residents attacked the government offices in 1930 over heavy taxation and unaccounted expenditures by municipal authorities.<ref name="n"/>

===Attack on Chōshi during WWII===
Chōshi was an important military target during [[World War II]] due to its fishing industry and canneries. Before and during the war, Chōshi was Tokyo's main food supplier. The first [[Strategic bombing|air raid]] on Chōshi by [[USAAF]] [[B-29 Superfortress]] bombers took place on March 10, 1945 causing minor damage. This was followed by the Chōshi Air Raid of July 19, 1945, during which time over 150 B-29s rained bombs on the city, destroying 33.8% of the urban area, killing 1,181 civilians and destroying 5,142 homes.<ref name="n"/><ref>{{cite book | author = Twentieth Air Force | title = Tactical Mission Report: Mission no. 277-281, Flown 19 Jul 1945 | year = 1945 | publisher = Twentieth Air Force | location = APO 234 [i.e., Guam]}}</ref> The city was bombed again on August 1, 1945. Emperor [[Hirohito]] made an official visit to the ruined city on June 6, 1946, after the [[surrender of Japan]].

==Government==
Chōshi has a [[mayor-council]] form of government with a directly elected mayor and a [[unicameral]] city council of 18 members. Chōshi contributes two members to the Chiba Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of [[Chiba 10th district]] of the [[House of Representatives of Japan|lower house]] of the [[Diet of Japan]].

==Economy==
[[File:Seaweed-dish,kaisou,katori-city,japan.JPG|thumb|''Kaisō'', a jelly-like food made from the seaweed ''Chondrus elatus''. Believed to have originated in Chōshi city]]
Chōshi is known as a center of [[soy sauce]] production. Production methods were introduced to Chōshi in 1616 from [[Settsu Province]], and later from [[Kii Province]], both near the [[Seto Inland Sea]].<ref name="c"/> Soy sauce manufacturers Higeta and Yamasa are based in Chōshi.<ref>[http://www.city.choshi.chiba.jp/kanko/guide/index.html Choshi Guide] {{in lang|ja}}</ref> The Port of Kashima in nearby [[Kashima, Ibaraki|Kashima City]], [[Ibaraki Prefecture]], is utilized to import soybeans for use in soy sauce production. The remains of soybeans not used in soy sauce production in Chōshi are returned to Kashima for production into [[Fodder|feed]] for livestock.

The city is home to the Chōshi Fishing Port. Its catches of [[sardines]], [[bonito]], and [[tuna]] are the largest in Chiba Prefecture.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Japan |title=Chōshi |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |access-date=2011-11-19 |year=2011 |publisher=Netto Adobansusha |location=Tokyo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archive-date=2007-08-25 }}</ref> [[Wind power]] is actively being developed off the rugged coast of Chōshi<ref>{{cite web |title=TEPCO and Orsted form JV to bid in Japan's first offshore wind auction {{!}} Recharge |url=https://www.rechargenews.com/wind/tepco-and-orsted-form-jv-to-bid-in-japan-s-first-offshore-wind-auction/2-1-776183 |website=Recharge {{!}} Latest renewable energy news |language=en}}</ref> for use in the city and the greater [[Tokyo Metropolitan Area]]. [[Amber]] is also found in the area.

==Education==
*[[Chiba Institute of Science]]
*Chōshi has 12 public elementary schools, five public middle schools and one public high school operated by the city government, and two public high schools operated by the Chiba Prefectural Board of Education. The prefecture also operates one special education school for the handicapped.

==Transportation==
===Railway===
[[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]] –  [[Sōbu Main Line]]
* {{STN|Saruda|x}} – {{STN|Matsugishi|x}} – {{STN|Chōshi|x}}
[[File:JR logo (east).svg|20px]] [[JR East]] – [[Narita Line]]
*{{STN|Shimōsa-Toyosato|x}} – {{STN|Shiishiba|x}} – {{STN|Matsugishi|x}} (– {{STN|Chōshi|x}})
[[File:CDK Logomark.svg|18px]] Chōshi Electric Railway Company – [[Choshi Electric Railway Line]]
* {{STN|Chōshi|x}} – {{STN|Nakanochō|x}} – {{STN|Kannon|x}} – {{STN|Moto-Chōshi|x}} – {{STN|Kasagami-Kurohae|x}} – {{STN|Nishi-Ashikajima|x}} – {{STN|Ashikajima|x}} – {{STN|Kimigahama|x}} – {{STN|Inuboh|x}} – {{STN|Tokawa|x}}

<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" mode="packed">
Choshi Station interior.jpg|Chōshi Station
Tokawa Station May 2018.jpg|Tokawa Station
</gallery>

===Highways===
* {{jct|country=JPN|Exp|E14|dab1=T}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|124}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|126}}
* {{jct|country=JPN|Route|356}}

==Local attractions==
[[File:Iinuma-kannon,Enpukuji-temple,Choshi-city,Japan.JPG|thumb|left|[[Enpuku-ji]] temple]]
Chōshi is home to [[Inubōsaki Lighthouse]], completed in 1874 by Scotsman [[Richard Henry Brunton]], as well as numerous historic temples, including [[Enpuku-ji (Chōshi, Chiba)|Enpuku-ji]] and [[Mangan-ji]].

==Sister cities==
Chōshi has two [[Twin towns and sister cities|sister cities]]:
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Coos Bay, Oregon]], United States
*{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]], [[Albay]], Philippines<ref name=International>{{cite web|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture|title=International Exchange|work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)|language=en|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204202/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notable people from Chōshi==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2013}}
*[[Hideyuki Kikuchi]], author
*[[Doppo Kunikida]], author
*[[Eiji Okada]], actor
*[[Yuma Suzuki]], [[Association football|football]] player
*[[Takamiyama Torinosuke]], sumo wrestler

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Choshi, Chiba}}
*[http://www.city.choshi.chiba.jp/ Official Website] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Chiba}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Choshi, Chiba}}
[[Category:Chōshi| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Chiba Prefecture]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Japan]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1933]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in Japan]]