Editing Chain smoking

{{Short description|Practice of smoking several cigarettes/cigars in succession}}
[[File:Ashtray 2013-05-08.jpeg|thumb|[[Ashtray]] with [[cigarette butts]]]]
{{redirect|Chainsmoker|the pop duo|The Chainsmokers}}

'''Chain smoking''' is the practice of [[smoking]] several [[cigarette]]s in succession, sometimes using the ember of a finishing cigarette to light the next. The term '''chain smoker''' often also refers to a person who smokes relatively constantly, though not necessarily ''chaining'' each cigarette. The term applies primarily to cigarettes, although it can be used to describe incessant [[cigar]] and [[pipe smoking]] as well as [[electronic cigarette|vaping]]. It is a common indicator of [[Substance dependence|addiction]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Charles |first=Gerras |title=The Encyclopedia of Common Diseases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U7NZwYhrBWIC|page=17 |year=1976 |publisher=Rodale Press |isbn=978-0-87857-113-0}}</ref>

==Causes==
Many people chain-smoke when drinking [[Alcoholic drink|alcoholic beverage]]s, because [[ethanol|alcohol]] potentiates [[nicotinic acetylcholine receptor]]s, leading to [[Reverse tolerance|re-sensitization]], hence inducing a craving.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/14622200310001656957 |title=Psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and ethanol |last1=Rose |first1=J. |last2=Brauer |first2=L. |last3=Behm |first3=F. |last4=Cramblett |first4=M. |journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research |year=2004 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=133–44 |pmid=14982697}}</ref>

The extent to which chain smoking is driven by [[nicotine dependence]] has been studied. It does not seem that the amount of nicotine delivered is a significant factor, as the puff volume correlates poorly with the frequency of cigarette consumption.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0091-3057(92)90535-N |title=Effects of smoking abstinence and chain-smoking on puffing topography and diurnal nicotine exposure |last1=Kolonen |first1=S. |last2=Tuomisto |first2=J. |last3=Puustinen |first3=P. |last4=Airaksinen |first4=M. M. |journal=[[Pharmacol Biochem Behav]] |year=1992 |volume=42 |pages=327–32 |issue=2 |pmid=1631188|s2cid=30397734 }}</ref>

==Clinical use==
Chain smoking is given as an example of excessive [[Substance dependence|addictive behavior]] in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Helen |first=Keane |title=What's Wrong with Addiction? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QqZsDnXS3-cC |date=2002 |page=100 |publisher=Melbourne University Publish |isbn=978-0-522-84991-2}}</ref> It may be used as a form of [[aversion therapy]] for smokers who are unused to such heavy smoking, inducing them to give up altogether.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cocores |first=James |title=The Clinical Management of Nicotine Dependence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-lrAAAAMAAJ |date=1991 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |isbn=978-0-387-97464-4 }}</ref>

==Ventilation==
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning ([[HVAC]]) professionals claim that an airflow of about 30 cubic meters per minute per smoker is required to maintain satisfactory air quality when the smokers are chain smoking.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rock |first=Brian A. |title=Ventilation for Environmental Tobacco Smoke |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=PDupTtFRClkC |date= 13 January 2006 |publisher= Elsevier Science |isbn=978-0-08-052539-6|page=48 }}</ref> However, research confirms that current HVAC systems, while important for general air quality, cannot control exposure to [[Passive smoking|secondhand smoke]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/report/fullreport.pdf |page=92 |title=The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General |publisher= [[Surgeon General of the United States|Office of the Surgeon General]], [[US Department of Health and Human Services]]
|year=2006 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090205173605/http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/report/fullreport.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-05 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Binge drinking]]
* [[Health effects of tobacco]]
* [[Tobacco smoking]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Clear}}
{{Smoking nav}}
{{Cigarettes}}

[[Category:Smoking]]
[[Category:Substance dependence]]