Editing Chemical Abstracts Service

{{Short description|Division of the American Chemical Society}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Use American English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox organization
| name         = Chemical Abstracts Service
| image        = Chemical Abstracts Service logo.svg
| image_border = 
| size         = 
| formation    = 1907
| type         = 
| headquarters = [[Columbus, Ohio]]
| location     = United States
| membership   = 
| language     = English
| leader_title = President
| leader_name  = Manuel Guzman
| key_people   = 
| num_staff    = 
| budget       = 
| website      = {{URL|https://www.cas.org}}
}}
'''Chemical Abstracts Service''' ('''CAS''') is a division of the [[American Chemical Society]]. It is a source of chemical information and is located in [[Columbus, Ohio]], [[United States]].

==Print periodicals==
{{Infobox journal
| italic title = no
| title        = Chemical Abstracts
| cover        = Chemical Abstracts (IMG 20220724 112634).jpg
| editor       = 
| discipline   = [[Chemistry]] (index)
| abbreviation = Chem. Abstr.
| publisher    = Chemical Abstracts Service
| country      = United States
| frequency    = Weekly
| history      = 1907–2010
| openaccess   = 
| license      = 
| impact       = 
| impact-year  = 
| website      = http://www.cas.org/products/print/index.html
| link1        = 
| link1-name   = 
| link2        = 
| link2-name   = 
| JSTOR        = 
| OCLC         = 1553947
| LCCN         = 09004698
| CODEN        = CHABA8
| ISSN         = 0009-2258
| eISSN        = 
}}
'''''Chemical Abstracts''''' is a periodical index that provides numerous tools such as SciFinder as well as tagged keywords, summaries, indexes of disclosures, and structures of compounds in recently published scientific documents. Approximately 8,000 [[academic journal|journal]]s, [[technical report]]s, [[dissertation]]s, [[conference proceeding]]s, and new [[book]]s, available in at least 50 different languages, are monitored yearly, as are [[patent]] specifications from 27 countries and two international organizations. ''Chemical Abstracts'' ceased print publication on January 1, 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cas.org/products/print/index.html |title=CAS Printed Products |publisher=CAS |access-date=2009-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612192259/http://cas.org/products/print/index.html |archive-date=2010-06-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Databases==
The two principal databases that support the different products are CAplus and Registry.

===CAS References===
CAS References consists of bibliographic information and abstracts for all articles in chemical journals worldwide, and chemistry-related articles from all scientific journals, patents, and other scientific publications.

===Registry===
{{As of|2023}}, the CAS Registry contains information on more than 200 million organic and inorganic substances, and about 70 million protein and [[nucleic acid sequence]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cas.org/cas-data/cas-registry |title=CAS Registry |website=www.cas.org |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS242041+08-Sep-2009+PRN20090908 50 Millionth Unique Chemical Substance Recorded in CAS REGISTRY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917020842/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS242041+08-Sep-2009+PRN20090908 |date=2009-09-17 }}, Reuters.com</ref> The sequence information comes from CAS and [[GenBank]], produced by the [[National Institutes of Health]]. The chemical information is produced by CAS, and is prepared by the CAS Registry System, which identifies each compound with a specific [[CAS registry number]], index name, and graphic representation of its chemical structure.

The assignment of chemical names is done according to the [[chemical nomenclature]] rules for ''CA'' index names, which is slightly different from the internationally standard [[IUPAC nomenclature|IUPAC names]], according to the rules of [[IUPAC]].

==Products==
CAS databases are available via two principal database systems, STN, and SciFinder.

===STN===
[[Image:CAS pelotonia.jpg|right|thumb|370px|Chemical Abstracts Service Building B in August 2009. Columbus, Ohio]]
STN (Scientific & Technical Information Network) International is operated jointly<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stn-international.com/service/about_us.html|title=STN International: Home|author=FIZ Karlsruhe|work=stn-international.com|access-date=2008-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102211229/http://www.stn-international.com/service/about_us.html|archive-date=2008-11-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> by CAS and [[FIZ Karlsruhe]], and is intended primarily for information professionals, using a [[command language]] interface. In addition to CAS databases, STN also provides access to many other databases, similar to [[Dialog (online database)|Dialog]].

===SciFinder===
SciFinder is a database of chemical and bibliographic information. Originally it was available only as a [[Client (computing)|client]] application (for both [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] and [[Macintosh operating systems|MacOS]] operating systems), a web version was released in 2008.<ref>"[http://www.cas.org/newsevents/releases/scifinderweb040708.html New SciFinder Available Via the Web] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513152556/http://www.cas.org/newsevents/releases/scifinderweb040708.html |date=2008-05-13 }}". CAS. April 6, 2008.</ref> By that time it had a graphical interface, and was able to do graphical searches for chemical structures and reactions (the first database to allow such functions), as well as keyword searches for literature in chemistry and related disciplines.{{cn|date=March 2024}} SciFinder Scholar was a very similar a product developed for academic institutions, but discontinued in 2023.<ref>[http://www.cas.org/SCIFINDER/SCHOLAR/ SciFinder Scholar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006181821/http://www.cas.org/SCIFINDER/SCHOLAR/ |date=2006-10-06 }}, CAS</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://blog.lib.uiowa.edu/science/2022/09/16/scifinder-classic-is-retiring/ | title=SciFinder Classic is Retiring – Sciences Library News | date=16 September 2022 }}</ref>
In 2017 the [[American Chemical Society|ACS]] released SciFinder-n as a web-only product with the same data content and improved user interface and search functions.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cas-announces-scifinder-n-a-new-research-experience-that-elevates-scientific-discovery-300316096.html | title=CAS announces SciFinder-n, a new research experience that elevates scientific discovery }}</ref> 

SciFinder is considered as the best source of chemical information worldwide, with substantially larger number of relevant information sources than [[Web of Science]] or [[Scopus]] with [[Reaxys]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1080/15424065.2010.505518 | title=Citation Analysis: Comparison of Web of Science®, Scopus™, SciFinder®, and Google Scholar | year=2010 | last1=Li | first1=Jie | last2=Burnham | first2=Judy F. | last3=Lemley | first3=Trey | last4=Britton | first4=Robert M. | journal=Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries | volume=7 | issue=3 | pages=196–217 | s2cid=62564372 }}</ref> However, due to its unique and unusual search functions, substantial training is needed in order to fully take advantage of SciFinder capabilities.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=6148602 | year=2018 | last1=Gabrielson | first1=S. W. | title=SciFinder | journal=Journal of the Medical Library Association | volume=106 | issue=4 | pages=588–590 | doi=10.5195/jmla.2018.515 }}</ref>

===CASSI===
''CASSI'' stands for ''Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index''. Since 2009, this formerly print and CD-ROM compilation is available as a free online resource to look up and confirm publication information. The online CASSI Search Tool provides titles and abbreviations, [[CODEN]], [[ISSN]], [[scientific journal|publisher]], and date of first issue (history) for a selected journal. Also included is its language of text and language of summaries.<ref name=cassi/>

The range is from 1907 to the present, including both serial and non-serial scientific and technical publications. The database is updated quarterly.<ref name=cassi>{{Cite web
 | title =About the CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool 
 | work =Provided by Chemical Abstracts Service 
 | publisher =American Chemical Society 
 | date = December 2009 
 | url =http://cassi.cas.org/about.jsp 
 | access-date =2016-08-26}}</ref> ''Beyond CASSI'' lists abbreviated journal titles from early chemical literature and other historical reference sources.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.cas.org/File%20Library/products/beyond_cassi.pdf |access-date=2015-08-27 |publisher=Chemical Abstracts Service |last1=Peters |first1=Marion |title=Beyond CASSI |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703061922/http://www.cas.org/File%20Library/products/beyond_cassi.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Chemical Abstracts Service complex.jpg|thumb|370px|CAS Headquarters Complex, completed in 1965 with addition (on left) in 1973. Columbus, Ohio]]

''Chemical Abstracts'' (''CA'') began as a volunteer effort and developed from there. The use of volunteer abstractors was phased out in 1994. ''Chemical Abstracts'' has been associated with the American Chemical Society in one way or another since 1907.<ref>{{Cite web |author=American Chemistry Society. Chemical Landmarks, Chemical Abstracts |title = ACS Online |url = http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=930&content_id=CTP_004593&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=6ecc043d-f9f7-4488-b4b9-ced9f9cda911 |access-date=2009-08-01}}</ref>

For many years, beginning in 1909, the offices of ''Chemical Abstracts'' were housed in various places on the Columbus, Ohio campus of [[Ohio State University]]<!--Wikipedians do not use "The" as part of Ohio State's name; it is considered a marketing gimmick, and routinely deleted.-->, including McPherson Laboratory and [[Watts Hall]].<ref>Chemical Abstracts Service. About CAS, CAS 100th Anniversary, CAS History: Milestones [Online]. http://www.cas.org/aboutcas/cas100/annivhistory.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612193647/http://cas.org/aboutcas/cas100/annivhistory.html |date=2010-06-12 }}. Accessed 8.1.2009</ref> In 1965, CAS moved to a new {{convert|50|acre|m2|adj=on}} site on the west bank of the [[Olentangy River]], just north of The Ohio State campus. This campus became well known in the Columbus area and famous as the site of many [[Columbus Symphony Orchestra]] pop concerts. In 2009, the campus consisted of three buildings.

In 1907, [[William A. Noyes]] had enlarged the ''Review of American Chemical Research'', an abstracting publication begun by [[Arthur Amos Noyes|Arthur Noyes]] in 1895 that was the forerunner of ''Chemical Abstracts''. When it became evident that a separate publication containing these abstracts was needed, Noyes became the first editor of the new publication, ''Chemical Abstracts''.

[[Evan J. Crane|E. J. Crane]] became the first Director of Chemical Abstracts Service when it became an American Chemical Society division in 1956. Crane had been ''CA'' editor since 1915, and his dedication was a key factor in its long-term success.

Dale B. Baker became the CAS Director upon Crane's retirement in 1958. According to CAS, his visionary view of CAS' potential "led to expansion, modernization, and the forging of international alliances with other information organizations."<ref>Chemical Abstracts Service. About CAS, CAS 100th Anniversary, CAS History: Milestones, 1958 Dale Baker [Online]. http://www.cas.org/aboutcas/cas100/annivhistory.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612193647/http://cas.org/aboutcas/cas100/annivhistory.html |date=2010-06-12 }}. Accessed 8.1.2009</ref> CAS was an early leader in the use of computer technology to organize and disseminate information.<ref>David Flaxbart.
Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship, Winter 2007.
 http://www.istl.org/07-winter/viewpoints.html. Accessed 8.01.2009</ref>

The CAS Chemical Registry System was introduced in 1965. CAS developed a unique registry number to identify chemical substances. Agencies such as the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] and local fire departments around the world now rely on these numbers for the definite identification of substances. According to the ACS, this is the largest chemical substance database in the world.

In 1965, CAS left their offices at OSU for a new headquarters north of campus. Ground was broken in 1971 for an expansion to the building designed by architects [[Brubaker/Brandt]] to accommodate the review of 400,000 new research reports printed each year. The 5-story 142,000 square foot building opened in May 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 27, 1973 |title=CA to Dedicate New Office Building |url=https://login.webproxy3.columbuslibrary.org/login?qurl=https://infoweb.newsbank.com%2fapps%2fnews%2fdocument-view%3fp%3dWORLDNEWS%26t%3dfavorite%3aCOLUMBUS%21Columbus%2520Dispatch%2520Historical%2520and%2520Current%26sort%3dYMD_date%3aD%26page%3d10%26fld-base-0%3dalltext%26maxresults%3d20%26val-base-0%3d%2522Brubaker-Brandt%2522%26docref%3dimage%2fv2%3a1467499E363272B3%40EANX-NB-1627317252357A4E%402441830-16272F64F2E2C661%4040-16272F64F2E2C661%40 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=The Columbus Dispatch}}</ref>

In 2007, the ACS designated its Chemical Abstracts Service subdivision an [[National Historic Chemical Landmarks|ACS National Historic Chemical Landmark]] in recognition of its significance as a comprehensive repository of research in chemistry and related sciences.<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/cas/index.htm Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120712080702/http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/cas/index.htm |date=2012-07-12 }}, American Chemical Society.</ref>

In 2021, CAS rebranded along with a change in logo. The organization updated their mission to be more focused on dynamic responsiveness due to ongoing changes within scientific industries and communities.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|title=CAS launches new brand reflecting strategic evolution to empower smarter science|url=https://www.cas.org/resources/press-releases/cas-new-brand}}</ref>

In 2022, CAS announced the release of almost half a million CAS registry numbers under an open license in their Common Chemistry project.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://commonchemistry.cas.org/ |title=CAS Common Chemistry |author=American Chemical Society |date=2023 |access-date=12 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jacobs |first1=Andrea |last2=Williams |first2=Dustin |last3=Hickey |first3=Katherine |last4=Patrick |first4=Nathan |last5=Williams |first5=Antony J. |last6=Chalk |first6=Stuart |last7=McEwen |first7=Leah |last8=Willighagen |first8=Egon |last9=Walker |first9=Martin |last10=Bolton |first10=Evan |last11=Sinclair |first11=Gabriel |last12=Sanford |first12=Adam |title=CAS Common Chemistry in 2021: Expanding Access to Trusted Chemical Information for the Scientific Community |journal=Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling |date=13 June 2022 |volume=62 |issue=11 |pages=2737–2743 |doi=10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00268 |pmid=35559614 |pmc=9199008 }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{div col}}
* [[Beilstein database]]
* [[Chemical database]]
* [[ChemInform]]
* [[ChemSpider]]
* [[SPRESI database]]
* [[FIZ Karlsruhe]]
* [[Google Scholar]]
* [[Inorganic Crystal Structure Database]]
* [[List of academic databases and search engines]]
* [[List of chemical databases]]
* [[List of open-access journals]]
* [[List of scientific journals]]
* [[PubChem]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}

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[[Category:American Chemical Society]]
[[Category:Chemical databases]]
[[Category:Chemistry journals]]
[[Category:Bibliographic databases and indexes]]
[[Category:1907 establishments in Ohio]]
[[Category:Companies based in the Columbus, Ohio metropolitan area]]