Editing Chief Bender

{{Short description|Native American baseball player (1884–1954)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{For-text|the former Cincinnati Reds front office official|[[Sheldon "Chief" Bender]]|the Canadian rabbi|[[Charles Bender (rabbi)]]}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
|name=Chief Bender
|image=Chief Bender, Philadelphia Athletics pitcher in 1911 (cropped).jpg
|width=260
|caption=Bender in 1911
|position=[[Pitcher]]
|bats=Right
|throws=Right
|birth_date={{birth date|1884|5|5}}
|birth_place=[[Crow Wing County, Minnesota]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|1954|5|22|1884|5|5}}
|death_place=[[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
|debutleague = MLB
|debutdate=April 20
|debutyear=1903
|debutteam=Philadelphia Athletics
|finalleague = MLB
|finaldate=July 21
|finalyear=1925
|finalteam=Chicago White Sox
|statleague = MLB
|stat1label=[[Win–loss record (pitching)|Win–loss record]]
|stat1value=212–127
|stat2label=[[Earned run average]]
|stat2value=2.46
|stat3label=[[Strikeout]]s
|stat3value=1,711
|teams=
*[[Philadelphia Athletics]] ({{mlby|1903}}–{{mlby|1914}})
*[[Baltimore Terrapins]] ({{Baseball year|1915}})
*[[Philadelphia Phillies]] ({{Baseball year|1916}}–{{Baseball year|1917}})
*[[Chicago White Sox]] ({{Baseball year|1925}})
|highlights=
* 3× [[World Series]] champion ([[1910 World Series|1910]], [[1911 World Series|1911]], [[1913 World Series|1913]])
* Pitched a [[no-hitter]] on May 12, 1910
* [[Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame]]
* [[Athletics Hall of Fame]]
|hoflink = National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
|hoftype = National
|hofdate=[[1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting|1953]]
|hofmethod=Veterans Committee
}}
'''Charles Albert''' "'''Chief'''" '''Bender''' (May 5, 1884<ref group=a>There is uncertainty about Bender's birth-date. He was voted the [[SABR]] "Centennial Celebrity" of 1983, as the best baseball player or figure born in 1883. However, the SABR ''Baseball Research Journal'' for 1983 acknowledges that there are discrepancies in records about Bender's birth year, ranging from 1883 to 1885. They year 1884 is the figure most often given. His grave marker says 1884.</ref> – May 22, 1954) was a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] professional [[baseball]] [[pitcher]] who played in [[Major League Baseball]] during the 1900s and 1910s. In 1911, Bender tied a record by pitching three [[complete game]]s in a single [[World Series]]. He finished his career with a 212–127 [[win–loss record]] for a .625 winning percentage and a career 2.46 [[earned run average]] (ERA).

After his major league playing career, Bender's roles in baseball included major league coach, minor league manager and player-manager, college manager, and professional scout. He was elected to the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] in 1953 and died the following year.

==Early life==
Bender was born in [[Crow Wing County, Minnesota]], as a member of the [[White Earth Band]] of the [[Minnesota Chippewa Tribe]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Curt |title=White Earth to World Series: Charles Bender's bittersweet baseball story |url=https://www.startribune.com/white-earth-to-world-series-charles-bender-s-bittersweet-baseball-story/572053732/ |access-date=6 July 2024 |work=Star Tribute |date=August 8, 2020}}</ref> His father was German and his mother was part Chippewa. As a child, he was named ''Mandowescence'', which might be translated into English as "Little Spirit Animal". His family had {{Convert|160|acres||abbr=}} on the [[White Earth Indian Reservation]] near [[Detroit Lakes, Minnesota]]. His father taught him to farm on the reservation.<ref>Kashatus, pp. 5-6</ref> He graduated from [[Carlisle Indian Industrial School]] and attended [[Dickinson College]].

==Baseball career==
{{multiple image
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| image1    =Bender1903.png
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| caption1 =1903 E107 "Chief" Bender (Collection RC)
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| caption2 =Art of Bender from 1911
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===Early career===
Bender debuted in the major leagues in 1903. He is one of only a few pitchers in the 20th century to throw 200 or more innings at the age of 19. His walks per nine innings rate were 2.17; only a few pitchers since 1893 have had a rate below 2.2 at the age of 20 or younger. That year, he also won a game against [[Cy Young]] and met his future wife Marie.<ref>Swift, p. 108</ref>

In 1905, Bender earned an 18–11 [[win–loss record]] with a 2.83 ERA, helping the A's win the AL pennant; but they lost the World Series in five games to the [[New York Giants (baseball)|New York Giants]]. Bender went 1–1 with a 1.06 ERA in the series, pitching a 4-hit, 3–0 complete-game shutout in Game 2, striking out 9. He went the distance again in Game 5, giving up just two earned runs in eight innings, losing 2–0 to [[Christy Mathewson]].

After solid seasons in 1906 (15–10, 2.53), 1907 (16–8, 2.05), 1908 (8–9 despite a 1.75 ERA), and 1909 (18–8, 1.66), he led the Athletics to the AL pennant in 1910, as Philadelphia went 102–48, {{frac|14|1|2}} games ahead of the second-place [[New York Highlanders]]. Bender led the AL in winning percentage, at .821, going 23–5 with a 1.58 ERA. He went 1–1 with a 1.93 ERA in the [[1910 World Series|World Series]] as the A's beat the [[Chicago Cubs]], who had gone 104–50 in the regular season, in five games. Bender pitched a complete-game three-hitter in the opener, striking out 8 and giving up only one unearned run. He lost Game 4 of the series in another complete-game effort, 4–3 in 10 innings. Bender pitched all {{frac|9|2|3}} innings for the Athletics, striking out 6.

===Later career===
In 1911, he led the AL in winning percentage again (.773), going 17–5 with a 2.16 ERA as the A's won their second consecutive AL pennant, going 101–50 and finishing {{frac|13|1|2}} games ahead of the [[Detroit Tigers]]. In a rematch of the [[1905 World Series]], the Athletics got their revenge, defeating the New York Giants and becoming the first American League team to win back-to-back World Series (the Chicago Cubs from the NL had won back-to-back titles in 1907 and 1908). After losing the opener 2–1 to Mathewson, though pitching a complete game, giving up just 5 hits and 2 runs (1 earned run) and striking out 11, Bender returned in Game 4, beating the Giants 4–2 on a complete game 7-hitter, and closed out the Series in game 6 with a 13–2 A's victory. Bender again went the distance (his 3rd complete game of the series), a 4-hit performance which he gave up no earned runs (the two Giants runs were unearned). He went 2–1, with 1.04 ERA and 3 complete games in the series.

In 1912 Bender was 13–8 with a 2.74 ERA. He did not start for nearly 40 games late in the year and was suspended by the A's in September for alcohol abuse. His next contract had a clause saying he had to abstain from drinking to earn his full salary. In 1913, he went 21–10 with a 2.21 ERA, helping the A's win their third AL pennant in four years. They would also make it three World Series titles in four years by defeating the Giants in five games. Bender went 2–0 in the series with complete-game victories in Games 1 and 4.

He led the AL in winning percentage (.850) for the third time in 1914, going 17–3 with a 2.26 ERA, and the A's would win their fourth AL pennant in five years. But the Athletics would be swept by the underdog [[History of the Boston Braves|Boston Braves]], with Bender losing Game 1 7–1, giving up 6 earned runs in {{frac|5|1|3}} innings. It was the only World Series game he failed to finish, after completing his previous nine starts in the Fall Classic.

[[File:Moving Picture News (1911) (1911) (14801801473).jpg|right|thumb|260px|The four stars of the world champion Philadelphia Athletics — Bender, [[Cy Morgan]], [[Jack Coombs]] and [[Rube Oldring]] — were featured in the [[Thanhouser Company]] film, ''[[The Baseball Bug]]'' (1911)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thanhouser.org/tcocd/Filmography_files/idhud4dk.htm |title=The Baseball Bug |publisher=Thanhouser Company Film Preservation, Inc. |access-date=2016-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107150024/http://www.thanhouser.org/tcocd/Filmography_files/idhud4dk.htm |archive-date=2017-01-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>]]When the [[Baltimore Terrapins]] of the upstart [[Federal League]] offered Bender a large salary increase, Athletics manager [[Connie Mack]] knew he could not hope to match it and released Bender.<ref>Swift, pp. 231-232</ref> In his only season with the Terrapins, Bender went 4–16, and his 3.99 ERA was near the bottom of the league.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1915 Federal League Standard Pitching |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/FL/1915-standard-pitching.shtml |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Baseball-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Bender later regretted leaving Philadelphia for the upstart league.<ref>Swift, pp. 234</ref> After two years with the [[Philadelphia Phillies]], he left baseball in 1918 to work in the shipyards during World War I.<ref name=":0" />

Over his career, his win–loss record was 212–127, for a .625 winning percentage (a category in which he led the [[American League]] in three seasons), and a career 2.46 ERA. His talent was even more noticeable in the high-pressure environment of the [[World Series]]; in five trips to the championship series, he managed six wins and a 2.44 [[Earned run average|ERA]], completing 9 of the 10 games he started, putting him second in World Series history behind Christy Mathewson. In the [[1911 World Series|1911 Series]], he pitched three [[complete game]]s to tie Mathewson's record of three complete games in a World Series. He also threw a [[no-hitter]] on May 12, 1910, beating the [[Cleveland Indians]] 4–0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Retrosheet Boxscore: Philadelphia Athletics 4, Cleveland Naps 0 |url=https://www.retrosheet.org/boxesetc/1910/B05120PHA1910.htm |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Retrosheet}}</ref>

Bender was an adept hitting pitcher in his major league career, posting a .212 [[batting average (baseball)|batting average]] (243-for-1,147) with 102 [[run (baseball)|runs]], 6 [[home runs]] and 116 [[Run batted in|RBI]]. Bender notably hit two home runs in one game—rare for the dead ball era—in a 1906 game where he replaced outfielder [[Topsy Hartsel]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Cooperstown: Hall of Fame Players|author=Paul Adomites; David Nemec; Matthew D. Greenberger; Dan Scholssberg; Dick Johnson; Mike Tully; Pete Palmer; Stuart Shea|date=2002|publisher=Publications International, Ltd.|page=82}}</ref> He had 10 or more RBI in a season four times, with a career-high 16 in 1910.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Bender Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/bendech01.shtml |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Baseball-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref>

===Minor leagues===
In 1919, Bender pitched in the minor leagues for the [[Richmond Colts]] of the [[Virginia League]]. He earned a 29–2 record that year. He spent the next three seasons as a player-manager: the first two seasons with the [[New Haven Profs|New Haven Weissmen/Indians]] and the third was with the Class AA [[Reading Aces]]. For the 1920 New Haven team, Bender recorded 25 wins as a pitcher. His record declined to 13–7 in 1921 and 8–13 in 1922.<ref name=BRMinors>{{cite web|title=Chief Bender Minor League Statistics & History|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=bender001cha|website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]|access-date=July 6, 2014}}</ref>

In 1923 and 1924, Bender did not manage, but did pitch for the minor league [[Baltimore Orioles (minor league)|Baltimore Orioles]] and the [[New Haven Profs]], respectively. He went 6–3 with a 5.03 ERA for Baltimore, then went 6–4 with a 3.07 ERA for New Haven.<ref name=BRMinors/>

===Coaching career===
Bender came back to the majors as a coach for the [[Chicago White Sox]] (1925–26) and even made a cameo appearance on the mound in 1925. Between 1924 and 1928, Bender managed the baseball team at the [[United States Naval Academy]], where he had a record of 42–34–2.<ref name="Media46">{{cite book |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/navy/sports/m-basebl/auto_pdf/2013-14/misc_non_event/section-5.pdf |title=2014 Baseball Media Guide |publisher=[[United States Naval Academy]] |pages=46, 51 |access-date=2014-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620091243/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/navy/sports/m-basebl/auto_pdf/2013-14/misc_non_event/section-5.pdf |archive-date=2017-06-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1931, he coached for the Giants and the next year managed the Yankees affiliate in the Central League. He then returned to the Athletics where he worked as a scout, minor league manager, and coach. The Yankees signed Bender in February&nbsp;1942 as a pitching coach for the [[Newark Bears (International League)|Newark Bears]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Yankees Sign Chief Bender to Coach Young Hurlers |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-news-chief-bender-february/171515384/ |access-date=May 1, 2025 |work=The Wilmington Morning News |date=February 12, 1942 |page=14|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

==Personal==
Bender was nicknamed "Chief", a common nickname for baseball players of Native American descent.<ref>Swift, p. 4</ref> Biographer Tom Swift writes that Bender "was often portrayed as a caricature and was the subject of myriad cartoons – many exhibits of narrow-mindedness. After he threw one of the most dominating games of the early years of the American League, Bender was depicted wielding a tomahawk and wearing a headdress as though he was a happy warrior."<ref>Swift, p. 5</ref>

He also faced discrimination on the field. Swift writes that taunting from the bench was common in Bender's era and that the opposition or the fans often made war whoops or yelled taunts such as "Nig!" or "Back to the reservation!" Bender usually remained calm, sometimes smiling at the insults. After an inning in which he had pitched particularly well, he might yell back, "Foreigners! Foreigners!"<ref>Swift, p. 6</ref>

Off the baseball field, Bender was one of several prominent baseball players who enjoyed [[trap shooting]], bowling, and golf.<ref name=Salon>{{cite web|last1=Kaufman|first1=King|title=Chief Bender's Burden (review)|url=http://www.salon.com/2008/05/23/bender/|work=[[Salon (website)|Salon.com]]|date=23 May 2008|access-date=November 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name=Trap>{{cite news|title=Big Chief Bender trap-shooting star|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19150302&id=qvkgAAAAIBAJ&pg=3270,241701|access-date=November 1, 2014|work=[[The Day (New London)]]|date=March 2, 1915}}</ref> He felt that shooting in the offseason helped to train his eye and increase his self-control. He worked in sporting goods at [[Wanamaker's]] in Philadelphia during his early playing days.<ref>Kashatus, p. 140</ref> He opened his own store, Bender Sporting Goods, in 1914.<ref name=Dawson>{{cite news|title=Chief Bender is going into business|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=41&dat=19140601&id=FJgjAAAAIBAJ&pg=2125,4018008|access-date=November 1, 2014|work=Dawson Daily News|date=June 1, 1914}}</ref>

In February 1917, Bender was charged with [[manslaughter]] when a car he owned struck and killed a boy in [[Philadelphia]] and the driver sped off.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chief Bender charged with manslaughter |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123075708/chief-bender-charged-with-manslaughter/ |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=[[The Sault Star]] |date=21 February 1917 |pages=7}}</ref> He was cleared of wrongdoing later the same month by a [[coroner's jury]].<ref>{{cite news |title="Chief" Bender Exonerated. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123075457/chief-bender-exonerated/ |access-date=18 April 2023 |work=[[Norwich Bulletin]] |date=27 February 1917 |pages=1}}</ref>

Bender's brother, John C. Bender, also played professional baseball. John Bender was suspended from minor league baseball for three years beginning in 1908 after he stabbed his manager, [[Win Clark]], several times during a fight. John Bender is sometimes erroneously described as having died on a baseball field, but he died at a restaurant in 1911, not long after attempting a professional baseball comeback.<ref name=Gorman>{{cite book|last1=Gorman|first1=Robert, Weeks, David|title=Death at the Ballpark: A Comprehensive Study of Game-related Fatalities of Players, Other Personnel and Spectators in Amateur and Professional Baseball, 1862–2007|date=2009|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0786452545|page=102|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C9t6NlWEbYC&pg=PA102|access-date=July 5, 2014}}</ref>

==Later life==
Late in his life, Bender's friend John Burns gave him a plot of land in [[Haddon Heights, New Jersey]]. Bender planted a garden on the land and worked with it almost every day, even though he lived in Philadelphia, about 12 miles away. He grew fruits and vegetables, especially corn, and ate, sold, or gave away what he grew.<ref>Swift, pp. 281-282</ref> After the 1950 season, Bender took his last position in the major leagues, replacing [[Mickey Cochrane]] as the pitching coach for the Athletics.<ref>Kashatus, p. 146</ref> Bender's coaching helped pitcher [[Bobby Shantz]] win the [[American League Most Valuable Player Award]] in 1952.<ref>Kashatus, p. 148</ref> Bender was struggling with health problems, including arthritis and a cancer he did not disclose, during his tenure with Philadelphia.<ref>Kashatus, p. 149</ref>

In his last days, Bender remained close friends with Athletics coach [[Bing Miller]], who used to bring Bender a container of ice cream almost every day. Bender was hospitalized in Philadelphia in mid-April 1954. He died there on May 22, 1954, of [[prostate cancer]]. He had also been suffering from cardiac problems.<ref>Swift, p. 285</ref> While he had been hospitalized, Bender sent Marie to [[Shibe Park]] for each home game so that she could report back to him on his team's pitching.

Bender was buried in the Philadelphia suburb of [[Roslyn, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=Kashatus152/>

==Legacy==
Bender was well-liked by his fellow players. Teammate [[Rube Bressler]] called him "one of the kindest and finest men who ever lived".<ref>{{cite book|last=Ritter|first=Lawrence|title=[[The Glory of Their Times]]|year=1966|page=199}}</ref> [[Ty Cobb]] praised his intelligence, describing a play by Bender in the [[1911 World Series]] as "the greatest bit of brainwork I ever saw in a ballgame".<ref>Swift, p. 162</ref> Cobb was not alone in regard for his intelligence; Bender drew similar praise from many other teammates, opponents, and umpires, including [[Billy Evans]] and [[Nap Lajoie]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/03e80f4d|title=Chief Bender|last=Swift|first=Tom|date=April 30, 2005 |website=Society for American Baseball Research|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726000821/https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/03e80f4d|archive-date=July 26, 2019|access-date=July 25, 2019}}</ref> Bender was also known for his keen eye and ability to discern subtle details of opposing pitchers' motions to help his teammates predict their pitches.<ref name="Sporting Life April 1912">{{cite news |first=L. E.|last=Sanborn|title=Chief Bender's Keen Eyes Athletics' Signal Detector|url=https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll17/id/26323|work=Sporting Life|date=April 6, 2019|access-date=July 25, 2019 }}</ref>  His success led other teams to suspect Bender and the Athletics were [[stealing signs]]; though teammate [[Cy Morgan]] denied the A's were stealing signs, [[Danny Murphy (second baseman)|Danny Murphy]] praised Bender's ability and said he could "come pretty near to getting anybody's signs." Mack often put this skill to use by occasionally using Bender as the third or first base coach on days he wasn't scheduled to pitch.<ref>Swift, pp. 187-191</ref>

The innovator of the [[Slider (baseball)|slider]] is debated, but some credit Bender as the first to use the pitch, then called a "nickel curve", in the 1910s.<ref name="wismag">[http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/wmh/pdf/spring04.pdf "WISCONSIN Magazine of History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208122336/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/wmh/pdf/spring04.pdf |date=2017-12-08 }},''Wisconsin Historical Society Press'', Spring 2004 issue. Accessed July 8, 2007.</ref> Bender used his slider to help him achieve a [[no-hitter]] and win 212 games.<ref>[http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers/detail.jsp?playerId=110850 "National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum: Hall of Famer detail"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525005107/http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers/detail.jsp?playerId=110850 |date=May 25, 2009 }},''[[National Baseball Hall of Fame]]''. Accessed July 8, 2007.</ref>

Bender was voted into the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] in [[1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting|1953]], less than a year before his death. He died before his induction ceremony and Marie accepted the Hall of Fame plaque on his behalf.<ref name="Kashatus152">Kashatus, p. 152</ref>

In 1981, [[Lawrence Ritter]] and [[Donald Honig]] included him in their book ''The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time''. The Minnesota Humanities Center published a children book about his life, ''Charles Albert Bender: National Hall of Fame Pitcher'', written by [[Kade Ferris]] ([[Turtle Mountain Chippewa]]/[[Métis]]) and illustrated by Tashia Hart ([[Red Lake Chippewa]]).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reese |first1=Debbie |title=HIGHLY RECOMMENDED! Charles Albert Bender: National Hall of Fame Pitcher |url=https://americanindiansinchildrensliterature.blogspot.com/2021/05/recommended-charles-albert-bender.html |website=American Indians in Children's Literature |access-date=6 July 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Biography|Baseball}}
* [[List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball no-hitters]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=a}}

==Citations==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|first=William C.|last=Kashatus|title=Money Pitcher: Chief Bender and the Tragedy of Indian Assimilation|publisher=Penn State Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-271-02862-0}}
* {{citation |last=Swift | first=Tom | title=Chief Bender's Burden: The Silent Struggle of a Baseball Star |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |year=2008}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|first=Jeffrey P.|last=Powers-Beck|title=The American Indian integration of baseball|url=https://archive.org/details/americanindianin0000powe|url-access=registration|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanindianin0000powe/page/269 269]|isbn=978-0-8032-3745-2}}
*[http://mnopedia.org/person/bender-charles-albert-1884-1954 Charles Albert Bender] at MNopedia
* Sorell, Traci (2023). ''Contenders: Two Native Baseball Players'', One World Series.

==External links==
{{commons category|Charles Albert Bender}}
*{{bbhof|bender-chief}}{{baseballstats |mlb=110850 |br=b/bendech01 |brm=bender001cha |fangraphs=1000827 |retro=B/Pbendc101}}
*{{find a Grave}}

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{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball no-hitters|No-hitter pitcher]] | before= [[Addie Joss]] | years= May 12, 1910 | after= [[Smoky Joe Wood]]}}
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