Editing Chimney swift

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Chimney swift
| image = Chaetura pelagica, by Lake Erie, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 339593191.jpg
| image_caption = Beside Lake Erie, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN/>
| genus = Chaetura
| species = pelagica
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| range_map = Chimney Swift range.png
| range_map_caption = Range of chimney swift {{leftlegend|#ffd800|Breeding range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#02007f|Wintering range|outline=gray}}
| range_map_alt = map of the Americas showing yellow over much of eastern North America and dark blue in northwestern South America
| synonyms = ''Hirundo pelagica'' <small>([[protonym]])</small><ref name = "Fieldiana"/><br/>
''Chaetura pelasgia'' <small>[[James Francis Stephens|Stephens]], 1825</small><ref name = "Fieldiana"/><ref>Stephens / [http://uio.mbl.edu/NZ/detail.php?uid=40230&d=1 Macquart; Dipt. exot., Suppl. 4, 271 (ex Mém. Soc. Sci. Lille, 1850 (1851), 244)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412211542/http://uio.mbl.edu/NZ/detail.php?uid=40230&d=1 |date=2016-04-12 }}.</ref>
}}

The '''chimney swift''' ('''''Chaetura pelagica''''') is a [[bird]] belonging to the [[Swift (bird)|swift]] family Apodidae. A member of the genus ''Chaetura'', it is closely related to both [[Vaux's swift]] and [[Chapman's swift]]; in the past, the three were sometimes considered to be [[conspecific]]. It has no [[subspecies]]. The chimney swift is a medium-sized, sooty gray bird with very long, slender wings and very short legs. Like all swifts, it is incapable of perching on flat surfaces, and can only perch on vertical surfaces. Many fly around all day and only come down at night when roosting.

The chimney swift feeds primarily on flying insects, but also on airborne spiders. It generally mates for life. It builds a bracket nest of twigs and saliva stuck to a vertical surface, which is almost always a human-built structure, typically a chimney; historically (before European colonists built chimneys), they nested in hollow trees (including old [[pileated woodpecker]] nest holes), a few still do so, though only rarely.<ref name = "HBW443"/> The female lays {{nowrap|4–5 white}} eggs. The [[altricial]] young hatch after {{nowrap|19 days}} and fledge a month later. The average chimney swift lives {{nowrap|4.6 years}}.

==Taxonomy and systematics==
When [[Carl Linnaeus]] first described the chimney swift in 1758, he named it {{nowrap|''Hirundo pelagica''}}, believing it to be a [[swallow]].<ref name = "Fieldiana"/> This misconception continued well into the 1800s, with ornithologists calling it "American Swallow" (e.g. [[Mark Catesby]])<ref name = "Feduccia"/> or "Chimney Swallow" (e.g. [[John James Audubon]]).<ref name = "Audubon"/> In 1825, [[James Francis Stephens]] moved this and other small, short-tailed [[New World]] swifts to the genus ''[[Chaetura]]'', where it has since remained, although some authorities in the 1800s assigned it to a variety of now obsolete genera.<ref name = "Ridgway"/> It has no [[subspecies]].<ref name = "Clements"/> The chimney swift's closest relative is [[Vaux's swift]] (''C. vauxi''). Scientists believe that the two species [[Allopatric speciation|evolved from a common ancestor]] that was forced to North America's southeastern and southwestern corners by glacial advances. Separated for millennia by vast [[ice sheet]]s, the survivors evolved into two species which are still separated by a wide gap across the continent's midsection.<ref name = "Newton"/> It is also closely related to the [[Chapman's swift]] (''C. chapmani''); in the past, the three were sometimes treated as a single species.<ref name = "HBW443"/>

The chimney swift's genus name, ''Chaetura'', is a combination of two [[Ancient Greek]] words: ''chaite'', which means "bristle" or "spine", and ''oura'' which means "tail". This is an apt description of the bird's tail, as the shafts of all ten tail [[feather]]s ([[rectrices]]) end in sharp, protruding points.<ref name = "Kyle15"/> The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''pelagica'' is derived from the Greek word ''pelagikos'', which means "of the sea".<ref name = "Helm"/> This is thought to be a reference to its nomadic lifestyle rather than to any reference to the sea,<ref name = "DunneHowTo"/> a theory strengthened by the later assignment of the specific name ''pelasgia'' (after the nomadic [[Pelasgians|Pelasgi tribe]] of [[ancient Greece]]) to the same species by other ornithologists.<ref name = "Helm"/> Its common name refers to its preferred nesting site and its speedy flight.<ref name = "Fergus"/>

==Description==

This is a medium-sized swift, measuring from {{convert|12|to|15|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length,{{#tag:ref|By convention, length is measured from the tip of the bill to the tip of the tail on a dead bird (or skin) laid on its back.<ref name = "HBW"/>|group="nb"}} with a wingspan of {{convert|27|to|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} and a weight ranging from {{convert|17|to|30|g|oz|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "Cornell"/> The sexes are identical in plumage,<ref name = "Johnston"/> though males average slightly heavier than females.<ref name = "Johnston"/> The adult's [[plumage]] is a dark sooty olive above and grayish brown below, with a slightly paler rump and uppertail [[covert feather]]s, and a significantly paler throat.<ref name = "Ridgely"/> Its upperparts are the most uniformly colored of all the ''Chaetura'' swifts, showing little contrast between back and rump.<ref name = "Chantler185"/> Its beak is black, as are its feet and legs. Its [[iris (anatomy)|iris]] is dark brown.<ref name = "Barrows"/> The [[juvenile (organism)|juvenile]] plumage (held by young birds for their first few months after fledging) is very similar to that of adults, but with whitish tips to the outer webs of the [[Flight feather#Secondaries|secondaries]] and [[Flight feather#Tertials|tertials]].<ref name = "NatWeb"/>

The chimney swift's wings are slender, curved and long,<ref name = "Dunne2"/> extending as much as {{convert|1.5|in|cm|abbr=on}} beyond the bird's tail when folded.<ref name = "Blanchan"/> Its wingtips are pointed, which helps to decrease air turbulence (and therefore [[drag (physics)|drag]]) during flight.<ref name = "Henderson"/> Its [[humerus]] (the bone in the inner part of the wing) is quite short, while the bones farther out (more [[Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal|distal]]ly) along the wing are elongated, a combination which allows the bird to flap very quickly.<ref name = "Sibley2"/> In flight, it holds its wings stiffly, alternating between rapid, quivering flaps and longer glides. Its flight profile is widely described as a "cigar with wings"—a description first used by [[Roger Tory Peterson]].<ref name = "Dunne2"/> Although the bird often appears to beat its wings asynchronously during flight, photographic and stroboscopic studies have shown that it beats them in unison. The illusion that it does otherwise is heightened by its very fast and highly erratic flight, with many rapid changes of direction.<ref name = "Savile"/>

The legs of the chimney swift, like those of all swifts, are very short.<ref name = "Coues"/> Its feet are small but strong, with very short toes that are tipped with sharp, curved claws.<ref name = "Sibley2"/> The toes are [[dactyly#In birds|anisodactyl]]—three forward, one back—like those of most birds, but the chimney swift can swivel its back toe (its [[hallux]]) forward to help it get a better grip. Unlike the legs and feet of most birds, those of the chimney swift have no [[scale (anatomy)|scales]]; instead, they are covered with smooth skin.<ref name = "Kyle15"/>

Its tail is short and square,<ref name = "NatGeo"/> measuring only {{convert|1.90|to|2.15|in|cm|abbr=on|order=flip}} in length.<ref name = "Barrows"/> All ten of its tail feathers have shafts which extend as much as {{convert|0.5|in|cm|abbr=on|order=flip}} beyond the vanes, ending in sharp, stiff points.<ref name = "Kyle15"/> These help the bird to prop itself against vertical surfaces.<ref name = "Encyclopedia"/>

The chimney swift has large, deep set eyes. These are protected by small patches of coarse, black, bristly feathers, which are located in front of each eye. The swift can change the angle of these feathers, which may help to reduce [[glare (vision)|glare]]. It is [[far-sighted]] and, like some [[birds of prey]], this swift is bifoveal: each eye having both a temporal and a [[Fovea centralis|central fovea]].{{#tag:ref|For more information, see [[Bird vision#Anatomy of the eye|Anatomy of the eye]] section in the [[Bird vision]] article|group="nb"}} These are small depressions in the [[retina]] where [[visual acuity]] is highest,<ref name = "HBW5"/> and help to make its vision especially [[wikt:acute|acute]].<ref name = "Wood"/> Like most [[vertebrate]]s, it is able to [[accommodation (eye)|focus]] both eyes at once; however, it is also able to focus a single eye independently.<ref name = "HBW5"/>

Its [[beak|bill]] is very small, with a [[culmen (bird)|culmen]] that measures a mere {{convert|5|mm|in|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name = "Chantler187"/> However, its [[gape]] is huge, extending back below its eyes, and allowing the bird to open its mouth very widely.<ref name = "Americana"/> Unlike many insectivorous birds, it lacks [[beak#Rictal bristles|rictal bristles]] at the base of the beak.<ref name = "Surface"/>

===Similar species===
The chimney swift looks very much like the closely related Vaux's swift, but is slightly larger, with relatively longer wings and tail, slower wingbeats<ref name = "Sibley"/> and a greater tendency to soar.<ref name = "NatGeo"/> It tends to be darker on the breast and rump than the Vaux's swift, though there is some overlap in [[plumage]] coloring.<ref name = "Sibley"/> It can be as much as 30 percent heavier than Vaux's swift, and its wings, which are proportionately narrower, show a pronounced bulge in the inner secondaries.<ref name = "SibleyWeb"/> The chimney swift is smaller, paler and shorter tailed than the [[black swift]].<ref name = "Sibley"/> In [[Central America]], it is most similar to [[Chapman's swift]], but it is paler (matte olive rather than glossy black) and has a stronger contrast between its pale throat and the rest of its underparts than does its more uniformly colored relative.<ref name = "Ridgely"/>

==Distribution and habitat==
[[File:Chaetura pelagica -Perryville, Missouri, USA -chimney-8 (1).jpg|right|thumb|Chimney swifts, like these in a chimney in Missouri, United States, roost communally when not breeding.]]
A widespread breeding visitor to much of the eastern half of the United States and the southern reaches of eastern Canada, the chimney swift [[bird migration|migrates]] to South America for the winter. It is a rare summer visitor to the western U.S,<ref name = "Kaufman"/> and has been recorded as a [[vagrancy (biology)|vagrant]] in [[Anguilla]], [[Barbados]], [[Greenland]], [[Jamaica]], [[Portugal]], the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]].<ref name=IUCN/> It is found over open country, savanna, wooded slopes and humid forests.<ref name = "Edwards"/>

The chimney swift's wintering grounds were only discovered in 1944, when bands from birds [[ringed|banded]] (ringed) in North America were recovered in Peru.<ref name = "Lincoln"/> An [[Indigenous peoples in Peru|indigenous Peruvian]] had been wearing the bands as a necklace.<ref name = "Wilson"/>

==Behavior==
The chimney swift is a [[wikt:gregarious|gregarious]] species, and is seldom seen alone. It generally hunts in groups of two or three, migrates in loose flocks of 6–20, and (once the breeding season is over) sleeps in huge communal roosts of hundreds or thousands of birds.<ref name = "Dunne2"/> Like all swifts, it is a superb aerialist, and only rarely seen at rest. It drinks on the wing, skimming the surface of the water with its beak.<ref name = "Wauer"/> It also bathes on the wing, gliding above the surface of a body of water, briefly smacking its breast into the water, then flying off again, shaking its feathers as it goes.<ref name = "Cornell"/> It has been recorded by pilots flying more than a mile above the surface of the earth, including one seen at {{convert|7300|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "Williams"/> It is incapable of perching upright like most birds do; instead, it clings to vertical surfaces.<ref name="Sibley"/> If it is disturbed while at rest, the chimney swift will clap its wings loudly once or twice against its body; it does this either in place, or while dropping down several feet to a lower location. This behavior can result in a loud "thundering" sound if large roosts of the birds are disturbed. The sound is thought to be the bird's way of scaring away potential predators.<ref name = "Dexter3"/>

===Feeding===
Like all swifts, the chimney swift forages on the wing.<ref name = "Cornell"/> Studies have shown that {{nowrap|95 percent}} of its food items are flying insects, including various species of [[flies]], [[ant]]s, [[wasp]]s, [[bee]]s, [[whitefly|whiteflies]], [[aphid]]s, [[scale insect]]s, [[stonefly|stoneflies]] and [[mayfly|mayflies]]. It also eats [[ballooning (spider)|airborne spider]]s drifting on their threads.<ref name = "Wauer"/> It is an important predator of pest species such as the [[red imported fire ant]]<ref name = "Whitcomb"/> and the [[Sitona hispidulus|clover root curculio]].<ref name = "Webster"/> Researchers estimate that a pair of adults provisioning a nest with three youngsters consume the weight equivalent of at least {{nowrap|5000–6000 [[housefly]]-sized}} insects per day.<ref name = "Woods"/> Like many bird species, the chimney swift periodically coughs up pellets composed of indigestible bits of prey items.<ref name = "Duke"/>

During the breeding season, at least half of the chimney swift's forays occur within {{convert|0.5|km|mi|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} of its nest; however, it ranges up to {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=on}} away.<ref name = "ON"/> While most of its food is seized following aerial pursuit, some is [[gleaning (birds)|gleaned]] from the [[foliage]] of trees; the bird hovers near the ends of branches or drops through upper canopy levels.<ref name = "George"/> The chimney swift generally flies quite high, though it descends during cold or rainy weather.<ref name = "Crossley"/> When feeding, it regularly occurs in small groups, and sometimes hunts with [[swallow]]s, particularly [[barn swallow]]s and [[purple martin]]s;<ref name = "Dunne2"/> in [[mixed-species flock]]s, it is typically among the lower fliers.<ref name = "Chantler187"/> There is at least one record of a chimney swift attempting to [[kleptoparasitism|steal]] a [[dragonfly]] from a purple martin, and it has been observed chasing other purple martins.<ref name = "Brown"/> In general, it is a [[diurnality|diurnal]] feeder which remains active into early evening. However, there are records, particularly during migration periods, of chimney swifts feeding well after dark over brightly lit buildings.<ref name = "Cottam"/>

The species shows two-weight peaks each year: one at the start of the breeding season, and a higher one shortly before it begins its migration south in the autumn. Its lowest weights are typically recorded during the breeding season, when it also begins a complete [[molt]] of its plumage. The chimney swift's weight gain before [[bird migration|migration]] is smaller than that of some passerines, suggesting that it must refuel en route at various stopover points.<ref name = "Collins"/>

===Breeding===
[[File:Chaetura pelagica MWNH 1241.JPG|thumb|Egg, Collection [[Museum Wiesbaden]]]]
[[File:ChimneySwift23.jpg|thumb|left|The nest is made of small, short twigs glued together with saliva.]]
The chimney swift is a [[Monogamy in animals|monogamous]] breeder which normally mates for life, though a small percentage of birds change partners.<ref name = "Dexter"/> Pairs perform display flights together, gliding with their wings upraised in a steep "V", and sometimes rocking from side to side. Breeding birds arrive as early as mid-March in the southern U.S., and late-April to mid-May in the Canadian provinces.<ref name = "NatWeb"/>

Before the arrival of European colonists into North America, the chimney swift nested in hollow trees; now, it uses human-built structures almost exclusively.<ref name = "Encyclopedia"/> While the occasional nest is still built in a hollow tree (or, exceptionally, in an abandoned woodpecker nest),<ref name = "WP"/> most are now found inside [[chimney]]s, with smaller numbers in [[ventilation shaft|airshaft]]s, the dark corners of lightly used buildings, [[cistern]]s,<ref name = "Cistern"/> or [[water well|wells]].<ref name = "Rogers"/> The [[bird nest|nest]] is a shallow bracket made of sticks, which the birds gather in flight, breaking them off trees. The sticks are glued together (and the nest to a vertical surface) with copious amounts of the bird's [[saliva]].<ref name = "Baicich"/> During the breeding season, each adult's [[salivary gland]]s more than double in size, from {{convert|7|x|2|mm|in|abbr=on}} in the non-breeding season to {{convert|14|x|5|mm|abbr=on}} during the breeding season.<ref name = "Johnston"/>

Unlike some swift species, which [[mating|mate]] in flight, chimney swifts mate while clinging to a vertical surface near their nest.<ref name="Kyle38"/> They [[wikt:copulate|copulate]] daily, until the [[clutch (eggs)|clutch]] is complete.<ref name = "Kyle39"/> The female typically lays {{nowrap|4–5 eggs}},<ref name = "Baicich"/> though clutch sizes range from {{nowrap|2 to 7}}.<ref name = "Kyle39"/> The eggs, which are long and elliptical in shape, are moderately glossy, smooth and white, and measure {{convert|20|x|13|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "Baicich"/> Each weighs nearly {{nowrap|10 percent}} of the female's body weight.<ref name = "Kyle39"/> [[avian incubation|Incubated]] by both parents, the eggs hatch after {{nowrap|19 days}}. Baby chimney swifts are [[altricial]]—naked, blind and helpless when they hatch. [[Fledgling (birds)|Fledgling]]s leave the nest after a month.<ref name = "Baicich"/>

The average chimney swift's life span is {{nowrap|4.6 years}},<ref name = "Dexter2"/> but one is known to have lived more than {{nowrap|14 years}}. It was originally banded as an adult, and was recaptured in another banding operation some {{nowrap|12.5 years}} later.<ref name = "BandingLab"/>

===Predators and parasites===
[[Mississippi kite]]s, [[peregrine falcon]]s and [[Merlin (bird)|merlin]]s are [[birds of prey|raptors]] that are known to take adult chimney swifts in flight, being among the select few avian hunters fast enough to overtake the appropriately named swift on the wing.<ref name = "Steeves"/> [[Eastern screech-owl]]s have been seen attacking colonies, as have non-avian predators including [[Pantherophis alleghaniensis|eastern rat snake]]s, [[northern raccoon]]s and [[tree squirrel]]s. These are most likely to take nestlings but may take some nesting adults as well.<ref name = "Cink"/><ref>Laskey, A. R. 1946. ''Snake depredation at birds' nests''. Wilson Bull. 58:217-218.</ref> When disturbed by potential predators (including humans) at the colony, adult chimney swifts slap their wings together after arching back and taking flight, making a very loud noise known either as "booming" or "thunder noises". When disturbed, nestlings make a loud, raspy ''raah, raah, raah'' sound. Both sounds seem designed to startle potential predators.<ref>Dexter, R. W. 1946. ''More concerning the thundering and clapping sounds of the Chimney Swift''. Auk 63:439-440.</ref><ref>Fischer, R. B. 1958. The breeding biology of the Chimney Swift, Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus). N.Y. State Mus. Sci. Serv. Bull. 368:1-139.</ref>

The chimney swift carries a number of internal and external parasites. It is the [[type (biology)|type]] [[host (biology)|host]] for the [[nematode]] species ''Aproctella nuda'',<ref name = "Hamann"/> the [[feather mite]] species ''Euchineustathia tricapitosetosa'',<ref name = "Mite"/> and the [[bird louse|biting lice]] species '' Dennyus dubius'',<ref name = "Ewing"/> and is also known to carry the [[tapeworm]] species ''Pseudochoanotaenia collocaliae''.<ref name = "Manter"/> Its nest is known to host the [[Hemiptera]] species ''[[Cimexopsis nyctali]]'', which is similar to the [[bed bug]] and can (on rare occasions) become a pest species in houses.<ref name = "Boyd"/><ref name = "UM"/>

===Voice===
{{listen |filename=Chaetura pelagica - Chimney Swift - XC105129.ogg |title=Chimney swift vocalizations |description=Calls of multiple birds in Iowa }}
The chimney swift has a twittering call, consisting of a rapid series of hard, high-pitched chirps. It sometimes gives single chirps.<ref name = "Sibley"/>

==Conservation status==
[[File:Nesting tower for Chimney Swift GUEJ080501-24.jpg|thumb|Purpose-built towers can provide nesting and roosting locations.|upright]]
In 2010, the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] changed the chimney swift's status from [[least concern]] to [[near threatened]]. In 2018, the IUCN changed the chimney swift's status from [[near threatened]] to [[vulnerable species|vulnerable]]. Although the global population is estimated at {{nowrap|7,700,000}}, it has declined precipitously across the majority of its range.<ref name=IUCN/> The causes of population declines are largely unclear, but may be related to the alteration of the insect community due to pesticide use in the early half of the 20th century.<ref name = "Nocera"/> In Canada, they were listed as threatened by [[Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada|COSEWIC]] for several years with a likely future listing as a Schedule 1 species of the [[Species at Risk Act]]. In the U.S., the chimney swift is protected by the [[Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918]]. Neither birds nor nests can be removed from chimneys without a federally-issued permit.<ref name = "MDR"/> Populations may have increased historically with the introduction of chimneys to North America by European settlers, providing plentiful nesting opportunities.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

After sudden temperature drops, the chimney swift sometimes hunts low over concrete roads (presumably following insect prey drawn to the warmer road), where collisions with vehicles become more likely.<ref name = "Finnis"/> Severe storms, such as [[hurricane]]s, encountered during migration can seriously impact the chimney's swift's survival rates. Chimney swifts caught up in 2005's [[Hurricane Wilma]] were swept as far north as [[Atlantic Canada]] and [[Western Europe]], including six reaching [[Great Britain]], the most ever seen there in a single year.<ref name="BBRC">{{cite journal |last1=Fraser |first1=P. A. |last2=Rogers |first2=M. J. |last3=the Rarities Committee |title=Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2005 |journal=British Birds |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=16–61 (Chimney Swift p. 57)}}</ref> More than 700 were found dead. The following year, roost counts in the province of [[Quebec]], Canada showed a decrease of 62 percent, and the overall population in the province was halved.<ref name = "Dionne"/>

==History of observation==

In 1899, Mary Day of [[New Jersey]] observed a pair of chimney swifts nesting in a chimney, and noted the [[Egg incubation|incubation period]] was 19 days. The first detailed study of chimney swifts began in 1915 by self-taught ornithologist [[Althea Sherman]] in [[Iowa]]. She commissioned a 28 foot tall tower, of a similar design to a chimney, with ladders and peep holes installed to facilitate observation. Chimney swifts nested in her tower, and for over fifteen years, she meticulously recorded her observations, filling over 400 pages.<ref name=Kyle>{{cite book|title=Chimney Swifts: America's Mysterious Birds Above The Fireplace|author=Paul D. Kyle|publisher=Texas A & M University Press|year=2005}}</ref> Sherman remarked that although the tower had been designed with a limited knowledge of the nesting behavior of chimney swifts, after many years of observation she believed that the original design was ideal.<ref>{{cite book|title=Birds of an Iowa Dooryard|publisher=University of Iowa Press|year=1952|author=Althea Sherman|author-link=Althea Sherman}}</ref>

==Notes==
<references group="nb"/>

==References==<!-- BulletinOfTheBritishOrnithologistsClub127:49. WilsonBulletin18:47 (compare to current Ohio checklist http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf). -->
{{Reflist |2 |refs=

<ref name = "Americana">{{ cite encyclopedia | title = Swifts | encyclopedia = The Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 26 | year = 1920 | publisher = Encyclopedia Americana Corporation | location = New York, NY, USA | page = 133 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UaUrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Audubon">{{cite book | first = John James | last = Audubon | title = The Birds of America, vol. 1 | year = 1840 | location = Philadelphia, PA, USA | publisher = J. B. Chevalier | page = [https://archive.org/details/birdsamerica00audgoog/page/n329 164] | url = https://archive.org/details/birdsamerica00audgoog }}</ref>

<ref name = "Baicich">{{cite book | title = Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds | url = https://archive.org/details/guidetonestseggs00baic | url-access = limited | first1 = Paul J. | last1 = Baicich | first2 = Colin J. O. | last2 = Harrison | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, NJ, USA | year = 1977 | page = [https://archive.org/details/guidetonestseggs00baic/page/n194 195] | isbn = 978-0-691-12295-3 | edition = 2nd }}</ref>

<ref name = "BandingLab">{{cite web | title = Longevity Records of North American Birds | url = http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/bbl/longevity/Longevity_main.cfm | publisher = [[U.S. Geological Survey]] | access-date = 5 December 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Barrows">{{cite book | title = Michigan Bird Life | first = Walter Bradford | last = Barrows | year = 1912 | location = Lansing, MI, USA | publisher = Michigan Agricultural College | url = https://archive.org/details/michiganbirdlif00zoolgoog | page = [https://archive.org/details/michiganbirdlif00zoolgoog/page/n409 387] }}</ref>

<ref name = "Blanchan">{{cite book | title = Bird Neighbors | first1 = Neltje | last1 = Blanchan | year = 1903 | publisher = Doubleday and McClure | location = New York, NY, USA | lccn = 04010747 | page = 67 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nwM_bT2VdZkC&pg=PA67 | isbn = 9781417935871 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name = "Boyd">{{cite journal | title = The External Parasites of Birds: A Review | journal = The Wilson Bulletin | first = Elizabeth M. | last = Boyd| volume = 63 | issue = 4 | pages = 363–369 | date = December 1951 | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v063n04/p0363-p0369.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name = "Brown">{{ cite journal | journal = Journal of Field Ornithology | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/jfo/v051n04/p0372-p0373.pdf | title = Chimney Swift Tries to Steal Prey from Purple Martin | first = Charles R. | last = Brown | volume = 51 | number = 4 | pages = 372–373 | date = Autumn 1980 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Cink">{{cite journal | title = Snake Predation on Chimney Swift Nestlings | first = Calvin L. | last = Cink | journal = Journal of Field Ornithology | volume = 61 | number = 3 | pages = 288–289 | date = Summer 1990 | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/jfo/v061n03/p0288-p0289.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name = "Cistern">{{ cite journal | first = A. Sydney | last = Hyde | title = Chimney Swift Nesting in a Cistern | journal = The Auk | volume = 41 | number = 1 | date = January 1924 | pages = 157–158 | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v041n01/p0157-p0158.pdf | doi=10.2307/4074113| jstor = 4074113 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Clements">{{cite book | title = The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World | first1 = James F. | last1 = Clements | first2 = Jared | last2 = Diamond | first3= Anthony W. | last3 = White | first4 = John W. | last4 = Fitzpatrick | publisher = Cornell University Press | location = Ithaca, NY, USA | edition = 6th | year = 2007 | page = 188 | isbn = 978-0-8014-4501-9}}</ref>

<ref name = "Chantler185">Chantler (1999a), p. 185.</ref>

<ref name = "Chantler187">Chantler (1999a), p. 187.</ref>

<ref name = "Collins">{{ cite journal | title = Seasonal Variation in Body Mass of Chimney and Vaux's Swifts | first1 = Charles T. | last1 = Collins | first2 = Evelyn L. | last2 = Bull | journal = North American Bird Bander | volume = 21 | number = 4 | pages = 143–152 | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/nabb/v021n04/p0143-p0152.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name = "Cornell">{{cite web | title = Chimney Swift | work = All about birds | url = http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/chimney_swift/lifehistory | publisher = Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology | access-date = 29 November 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Cottam">{{cite journal | title = Nocturnal Habits of the Chimney Swift | first = Clarence | last = Cottam | journal = The Auk | volume = 49 | number = 4 | date = October 1932 | pages = 479–481 | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v049n04/p0479-p0481.pdf | doi=10.2307/4076440| jstor = 4076440 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Coues">{{ cite book | title = Key to North American Birds | first = Elliott | last = Coues | year = 1872 | page = [https://archive.org/details/keytonorthameric00cou/page/45 45] | location = Salem, MA, USA | publisher = Naturalists' Agency | lccn = 06017833 | url = https://archive.org/details/keytonorthameric00cou }}</ref>

<ref name = "Crossley">{{ cite book | title = The Crossley ID Guide: Eastern Birds | url = https://archive.org/details/crossleyidguidee00cros | url-access = limited | first = Richard | last = Crossley | year = 2011 | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, NJ, USA | page = [https://archive.org/details/crossleyidguidee00cros/page/n324 322] | isbn = 978-0-691-14778-9 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Dexter">{{cite journal | first = Ralph W. | last = Dexter | title = Sociality of Chimney Swifts (''Chaetura pelagica'') Nesting in a Colony | journal = North American Bird Bander | date = April 1992 | volume = 17 | number = 2 | pages = 61–64 | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/nabb/v017n02/p0061-p0064.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name = "Dexter2">{{cite journal | first = Ralph W. | last = Dexter | title = Banding and Nesting Studies of the Chimney Swift, 1944–1968 | journal = The Ohio Journal of Science | date = July 1969 | volume = 69 | number = 4 | pages = 193–213 |hdl = 1811/5474 | hdl-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name = "Dexter3">{{cite journal | title = More concerning the thundering and clapping sounds of the Chimney Swift | journal = The Auk | volume = 63 | number = 3 | pages = 439–440 | first = Ralph W. | last = Dexter | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v063n03/p0439-p0440.pdf | doi=10.2307/4080136| jstor = 4080136 | year = 1946 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Dionne">{{cite journal | first1 = Mark | last1 = Dionne | first2 = Cėline | last2 = Maurice | first3 = Jean | last3 = Gauthier | first4 = François | last4 = Shaffer | journal = The Wilson Journal of Ornithology | title = Impact of Hurricane Wilma on migrating birds: the case of the Chimney Swift | date = December 2008 | volume = 120 | number = 4 | pages = 784–792 | doi = 10.1676/07-123.1 | s2cid = 85862924 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Duke">{{cite journal | first = Gary E. | last = Duke | title = Pellet Egestion by a Captive Chimney Swift (''Chaetura pelagica'')  | journal = The Auk | volume = 94 | issue = 2 | pages = 385 | date = April 1977 | url = https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v094n02/p0385-p0385.pdf | jstor = 4085119}}</ref>

<ref name = "Dunne2">
{{ cite book
| first = Pete
| last = Dunne
| title = Pete Dunne's Essential Field Companion
| year = 2006
| location = New York, NY, USA
| publisher = Houghton, Mifflin
| isbn = 978-0-618-23648-0
| page = [https://archive.org/details/petedunnesessent00dunn/page/351 351]
| url = https://archive.org/details/petedunnesessent00dunn | url-access = registration
}}
</ref>

<ref name = "DunneHowTo">
{{cite book
| title = Pete Dunne on Bird Watching: The How-to, Where-to, and When-to of Birding
| first = Pete
| last = Dunne
| year = 2003
| publisher = Houghton Mifflin
| location = New York, NY, USA
| page = 69
| isbn = 978-0-395-90686-6
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WfxnqueHQmEC&pg=PA69 }}
</ref>

<ref name = "Edwards">
{{cite book
| title = A Field Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Adjacent Areas: Belize, Guatemala and El Salvador
| first = Ernest Preston
| last = Edwards
| page = [https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetobird00edwa/page/70 70]
| publisher = University of Texas Press
| location = Austin, TX, USA
| isbn = 978-0-292-72092-3
| year = 1998
| url = https://archive.org/details/fieldguidetobird00edwa | url-access = registration
}}
</ref>

<ref name = "Encyclopedia">
{{cite encyclopedia
| title = International Wildlife Encyclopedia
| editor1-first = Maurice
| editor1-last = Burton
| editor2-first = Robert
| editor2-last = Burton
| chapter = Spinetail Swift
| year = 2002
| publisher = Marshall Cavendish
| location = Tarrytown, NY, USA
| edition = 3rd
| page = 2484
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=y9TsB3id66cC&pg=PA2484
| isbn = 978-0-7614-7266-7 }}
</ref>

<ref name = "Ewing">
{{cite journal
| title = The taxonomy and host relationships of the biting lice of the genera ''Dennyus'' and ''Eureum'', including the descriptions of a new genus, subgenus and four species
| first = H. E.
| last = Ewing
| journal = Proceedings of the United States National Museum
| volume = 77
| issue = 2843
| pages = 1–16
| year = 1930
| url = http://biostor.org/reference/60986
| doi=10.5479/si.00963801.77-2843.1| url-access = subscription
}}
</ref>

<ref name = "Feduccia">
{{cite book
| editor-first = Alan
| editor-last = Feduccia
| title = Catesby's Birds of Colonial America
| year = 1999
| location = Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| publisher = University of North Carolina Press
| page = 78
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hVVNvPMBGEkC&pg=PA78
| isbn = 978-0-8078-4816-6 }}
</ref>

<ref name = "Fergus">
{{cite book
| title = Wildlife of Pennsylvania and the Northeast
| first = Charles
| last = Fergus
| year = 2000
| location = Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| publisher = Stackpole Books
| page = 268
| isbn = 978-0-8117-2899-7
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T4gLRnplhVwC&pg=PA268 }}
</ref>

<ref name = "Fieldiana">
{{cite book
| last = Cory
| first = Charles B.
| title = Publication 197: Catalogue of Birds of the Americas
| volume = 13, part 2
| date = March 1918
| location = Chicago, IL, USA
| publisher = Field Museum of Natural History
| page = 137
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T2RMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA137
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Finnis">
{{ cite journal
| journal = Bird Study
| first = R. G.
| last = Finnis
| volume = 7
| number = 1
| pages = 21–32
| title = Road Casualties Among Birds
| date = January 1960
| doi = 10.1080/00063656009475957 | bibcode = 1960BirdS...7...21F
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "George">
{{cite journal
| first = William G.
| last = George
| journal = The Auk
| volume = 88
| pages = 177
| number = 1
| date = January 1971
| title = Foliage-gleaning by Chimney Swifts (''Chaetura pelagica'')
| url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v088n01/p0177-p0177.pdf
| doi=10.2307/4083983| jstor = 4083983
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Hamann">
{{cite journal
| first = C. B.
| last = Hamann
| title = Notes on ''Aproctella nuda sp. nov.'' a Filarioid Nematode from the Chimney Swift ''Chaetura pelagica'' (Linn.)
| journal = American Midland Naturalist
| volume = 23
| number = 2
| date = March 1940
| pages = 390–392
| doi=10.2307/2420671
| jstor=2420671}}
</ref>
<ref name = "HBW">
{{cite book
| title = Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1, Ostrich to Ducks
| location = Oxford, UK
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 1977
| isbn = 978-0-19-857358-6
| editor = Cramp, Stanley
| page = 3| title-link = Birds of the Western Palearctic
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "HBW5">
Chantler (1999b), p. 391.
</ref>
<ref name = "HBW443">
Chantler (1999b), p. 443.
</ref>
<ref name = "Helm">
{{cite book
| last = Jobling
| first = James A.
| year = 2010
| title = Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
| url = https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling
| publisher = Christopher Helm
| location= London, UK
| isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4
| page = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n295 295] }}
</ref>
<ref name = "Henderson">
{{ cite book
| title = Birds in Flight: The Art and Science of How Birds Fly
| first1 = Carrol L.
| last1 = Henderson
| first2 = Steve
| last2 = Adams
| page = [https://archive.org/details/birdsinflightart0000hend/page/89 89]
| year = 2008
| location = Minneapolis, MN, USA
| publisher = Voyageur Press
| url = https://archive.org/details/birdsinflightart0000hend
| url-access = registration
| isbn = 978-0-7603-3392-1 }}
</ref>
<ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |year=2018 |title=''Chaetura pelagica'' |page=e.T22686709A131792415 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686709A131792415.en |access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>
<ref name = "Johnston">
{{cite journal
| title = Sex and Age Characters and Salivary Glands of the Chimney Swift
| first = David W.
| last = Johnston
| journal = The Condor
| volume = 60
| number = 2
| pages = 73–84
| date = March–April 1958
| url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/condor/v060n02/p0073-p0084.pdf
| doi=10.2307/1365265| jstor = 1365265
}}
</ref>
<ref name = "Kaufman">
{{cite book
| title = Kaufman Field Guide to Birds of North America
| first = Kenn
| last = Kaufman
| year = 2005
| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
| location = New York, NY, USA
| page = 228
| isbn = 978-0-618-57423-0
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VEbX_iVqWrUC&pg=PA228 }}
</ref>
<ref name = "Kyle15">
Kyle & Kyle (2005), p. 15.
</ref>
<ref name = "Kyle38">
Kyle & Kyle (2005), p. 38
</ref>
<ref name = "Kyle39">
Kyle & Kyle (2005), p. 39
</ref>
<ref name = "Lincoln">{{ cite journal | journal = The Auk | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v061n04/p0604-p0609.pdf | volume = 61 | number = 4 | pages = 604–609 | first = Frederick C. | last = Lincoln | title = Chimney Swift's Winter Home Discovered | date = October 1944 | doi=10.2307/4080181| jstor = 4080181 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Manter">{{cite journal | first1 = H. W. | last1 = Manter | first2 = Raymond| last2 = Snyder | title = Pseudochoanotaenia (Cestoda) in a Chimney Swift (''Chaetura pelagica'') in North America | journal =  The Journal of Parasitology | volume = 47 | issue = 2 | pages = 230 | date = April 1961 | doi = 10.2307/3275293 | jstor = 3275293}}</ref>

<ref name = "MDR">{{cite web | url = http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Plants_Wildlife/chimneyswifts.asp | publisher = Maryland Department of Natural Resources | title = Chimney Swifts: What's in my chimney | access-date = 4 December 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150624031733/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Plants_Wildlife/chimneyswifts.asp | archive-date = 24 June 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

<ref name = "Mite">{{cite journal | title = Feather Mite Family Eustathiidae (Aracina: Sarcoptiformes) | first1 = Paul | last1 = Peterson | first2 = Warren T. | last2 = Atyeo | first3 = W. Vayne | last3 = Moss | journal = Monograph | location = Philadelphia, PA, USA | publisher = Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia | year = 1980 | issn = 0096-7750 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_J82_UPtb5oC&pg=PA32 | page = 32 | isbn = 9781422319277 }}</ref>

<ref name = "NatGeo">
{{cite book
| editor1-first = Jon L.
| editor1-last = Dunn
| editor2-first = Johnathon
| editor2-last = Alderfer
| title = National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America
| publisher = National Geographic
| location = Washington, DC, USA
| year = 2006
| edition = 5th
| page = 270
| isbn = 978-0-7922-5314-3
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gA-rfkTZi1YC&pg=PA270 }}
</ref>
<ref name = "NatWeb">
{{cite web
| url = http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birding/chimney-swift/
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100413082643/http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birding/chimney-swift/
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = April 13, 2010
| title = Chimney Swift
| publisher = National Geographic Society
| access-date = 19 December 2012 }}
</ref>
<ref name = "Newton">
{{cite book
| title = Speciation and Biogeography of Birds
| first = Ian
| last = Newton
| publisher = Academic Press
| location = London, UK
| year = 2003
| page = 296
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HHzT7a8LzkgC&pg=PA296
| isbn = 978-0-08-092499-1 }}
</ref>

<ref name = "Nocera">{{cite journal | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 279 | number = 1740 | year = 2012 | pages = 3114–3120 | last = Nocera, J | title = Historical pesticide applications coincided with an altered diet of aerially foraging insectivorous chimney swifts | doi=10.1098/rspb.2012.0445 | display-authors=etal | pmid=22513860 | pmc=3385487}}</ref>

<ref name = "ON">
{{cite web
| url = http://onnaturemagazine.com/chimney-swift.html
| title = Chimney Swift
| author = Tiner, Tim
| publisher = Ontario Nature
| access-date = 15 January 2013 | date = 2009-12-04
}}
</ref>
<ref name="Ridgway">
{{cite book
| title = The birds of North and Middle America
| first1 = Robert
| last1 = Ridgway
| first2 = Herbert
| last2 = Friedmann
| year = 1901
| publisher = Government Publishing Office
| location = Washington, D.C.
| pages = 714–719
| isbn = 9780598370372
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WYgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA714 }}
</ref>

<ref name = "Ridgely">
{{ cite book
| title = A Guide to the Birds of Panama: With Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras
| first1 = Robert S.
| last1 = Ridgely
| first2 = John A.
| last2 = Gwynne
| year = 1989
| location = Princeton, NJ, USA
| publisher = Princeton University Press
| page = 201
| isbn = 978-0-691-02512-4
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H9INVOMUgOAC&pg=PA202 }}
</ref>

<ref name = "Rogers">{{ cite journal | journal = The Auk | volume = 34 | pages = 337 | number = 3 | date = July 1917 | first = Charles H. | last = Rogers | title = Chimney Swift Nesting in a Well | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v034n03/p0337-p0337.pdf | doi=10.2307/4072224| jstor = 4072224 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Savile">{{ cite journal | journal = The Auk | volume = 67 | number = 4 | pages = 499–504 | title = The Flight Mechanism of Swifts and Hummingbirds | first = D. B. O. | last = Savile | date = October 1950 | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v067n04/p0499-p0504.pdf | doi=10.2307/4081091| jstor = 4081091 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Sibley">{{cite book | title = The Sibley Guide to Birds | first = David Allen | last = Sibley | publisher = Alfred A. Knopf | location = New York, NY, USA | page = [https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/290 290] | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-679-45122-8 | url = https://archive.org/details/sibleyguidetobir00sibl_0/page/290 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Sibley2">{{cite book | title = The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behavior | first = Charles T. | last = Collins | contribution = Swifts | editor1-first = Chris | editor1-last = Elphick | editor2-first = John B. | editor2-last = Dunning Jr. | editor3-first = David | editor3-last = Sibley | location = London, UK | publisher = Christopher Helm | year = 2001 | pages = 353–356 | isbn = 978-0-7136-6250-4 }}</ref>

<ref name = "SibleyWeb">{{cite web | title = Identifying Chimney and Vaux's Swifts by wing shape | url = http://www.sibleyguides.com/2010/10/identifying-chimney-and-vauxs-swifts-by-wing-shape/ | access-date = 2 December 2012 | date = 11 October 2010 | author = Sibley, David | publisher = Sibley Guides }}</ref>

<ref name = "Steeves">{{cite journal | last1 = Steeves | first1 = Tanner K. |first2 = Shannon B. | last2 = Kearney-McGee | first3 = Margaret A. | last3 = Rubega | first4 = Calvin L. | last4 = Cink | first5 = Charles T. | last5 = Collins | year = 2014 | title = Chimney Swift (''Chaetura pelagica'') | journal = The Birds of North America Online | editor = A. Poole | url = http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/646 | doi = 10.2173/bna.646 | url-access = subscription }}</ref>

<ref name = "Surface">{{ cite journal | journal = The Zoological Quarterly Bulletin | title = Family 21, Micropodidae: The Swifts | first = H. A. | last = Surface | volume = 3 | number = 1 | date = May 1905 | page = 22 }}</ref>

<ref name = "UM">{{cite web | title = Prevention and control of bed bugs in residences | url = http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/housingandclothing/dk1022.html | publisher = University of Minnesota Extension | access-date = 27 September 2012 | first1 = Stephen A. | last1 = Kell | first2 = Jeff | last2 = Hahn | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120928232757/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/housingandclothing/DK1022.html | archive-date = 28 September 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

<ref name = "Wauer">{{ cite book | title = Heralds of Spring in Texas | first1 = Roland H. | last1 = Wauer | year = 1999 | location = College Station, TX, USA | publisher = Texas A & M University Press | page = [https://archive.org/details/heraldsofspringi0000waue/page/141 141] | url = https://archive.org/details/heraldsofspringi0000waue | url-access = registration | isbn = 978-0-89096-879-6 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Webster">{{cite journal | title = Alfalfa attacked by the clover root circulio | first = Francis Marion | last = Webster | journal = U. S. Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin | volume = 649 | pages = 1–8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5B0oAAAAYAAJ | date = 27 February 1915 }}</ref>

<ref name = "Whitcomb">{{cite journal | title = Predators of ''Solenopsis invicta'' Queens Prior to Successful Colony Establishment | journal = Environmental Entomology | last1 = Whitcomb | first1 = W. H. | last2 = Bhatkar | first2 = A. | last3 = Nickerson | first3 = J. C. | volume = 2 | number = 6 | date = December 1973 | pages = 1101–1103 | doi=10.1093/ee/2.6.1101}}</ref>

<ref name = "Williams">{{cite journal | title = Altitudinal Records for Chimney Swifts | journal = The Wilson Bulletin | first = George G. | last = Williams | volume = 68 | issue = 1 | date = March 1956 | pages = 71–72 | jstor = 4158462 | url = https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v068n01/p0071-p0072.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name = "Wilson">{{ cite book | first = James D. | last = Wilson | title = Common Birds of North America: An Expanded Guidebook | year = 2001 | publisher = Willow Creek Press | location = Minocqua, WI, USA | isbn = 978-1-57223-301-0 | page = [https://archive.org/details/commonbirdsofnor00wils/page/65 65] | url = https://archive.org/details/commonbirdsofnor00wils | url-access = registration }}</ref>

<ref name = "Wood">{{cite book | title = The Fundus Oculi of Birds, Especially as Viewed by the Ophthalmoscope | first = Casey Albert | last = Wood | year = 1917 | publisher = Lakeside Press | location = Chicago, IL, USA | lccn = 17016887 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/fundusoculiofbir00wood/page/56 56]–58 | url = https://archive.org/details/fundusoculiofbir00wood }}</ref>

<ref name = "Woods">{{cite journal | journal = Bird-Banding | volume = 11 | number = 4 | pages = 173–174 | date = October 1940 | first = Gordon T. | last = Woods | title = Chimney Swifts Destroy Many Insects | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/jfo/v011n04/p0173-p0174.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name = "WP">{{cite journal | journal = The Wilson Bulletin | volume = 70 | number = 2 | date = June 1958 | page = 192 | first = P. B. | last = Hofslund | title = Chimney Swift nesting in an abandoned Pileated Woodpecker hole | url = http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v070n02/p0192-p0192.pdf }}</ref>

}}

===Cited texts===
*{{ cite book
| title = Swifts: A Guide to the Swifts and Treeswifts of the World
| first = Phil
| last = Chantler
| year = 1999a
| edition = 2nd
| location = London, UK
| publisher = Pica Press
| isbn = 978-1-8734-0383-9 }}

*{{cite book
| contribution = Family Apodidae (Swifts)
| title = Handbook of Birds of the World, vol. 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds
| first = Phil
| last = Chantler
| location = Barcelona, Spain
| publisher = Lynx Edicions
| year = 1999b
| editor1-first = Josep
| editor1-last = del Hoyo
| editor2-first = Andrew
| editor2-last = Elliott
| editor3-first = Jordi
| editor3-last = Sargatal
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse/page/388 388–466]
| isbn = 978-84-87334-25-2
| url = https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse/page/388
}}

*{{ cite book
| first1 = Paul D.
| last1 = Kyle
| first2 = Georgean Z.
| last2 = Kyle
| title = Chimney Swifts: America's Mysterious Birds Above the Fireplace
| year = 2005
| location = College Station, TX, USA
| publisher = Texas A&M University Press
| isbn = 978-1-58544-371-0
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=weGvxoqYgjgC }}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Chaetura pelagica|the chimney swift}}
{{Wikispecies|Chaetura pelagica}}
*[https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/chiswi/cur/introduction Birds of the World - Chimney Swift]
*[http://www.chimneyswifts.org/ Chimney Swift Conservation Project]—Driftwood Wildlife Association
*[https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/5424 Ralph W. Dexter research on chimney swift]
*[https://www.flickr.com/search/groups/?w=42637302@N00&q=chimney+Swift&m=pool Photos] from [[Flickr]]'s Field Guide Birds of the World
*{{InternetBirdCollection|chimney-swift-chaetura-pelagica|Chimney swift}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110106013831/http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/wwwsounds/birds/hardy33sh.wav Sound recording] at Florida Museum of Natural History
* {{Xeno-canto species|Chaetura|pelagica|chimney swift}}
* {{VIREO|Chimney+Swift|Chimney swift}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q912863}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chaetura|chimney swift]]
[[Category:Native birds of Eastern Canada]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Eastern United States]]
[[Category:Wintering birds of South America]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1758|chimney swift]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|chimney swift]]