Editing China Mobile

{{Short description|Chinese state-owned enterprise}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox company
| name = China Mobile Limited<br />{{lang|zh-CN|{{nobold|中国移动通信集团公司}}}}
| logo = China Mobile logo (2019).svg
| image = 中国移动通信集团公司 东南侧.jpg
| image_size = 
| image_caption = Headquarters in Beijing
| type = [[Public company|Public]]; [[state-owned enterprise]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{SSE|600941}}|{{sehk|941}}||[[Hang Seng Index]] component|CSI A50}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|HK0941009539}}
| predecessor = China Telecom (Hong Kong) Limited<ref name=mile/>
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1997|09|03}}<ref name=CM1/>
| founder = 
| location = [[Beijing]], [[China]]<br />[[Shanghai]], [[China]]
| area_served = {{ubl|[[China]]|[[Hong Kong]] ''(as [[CMHK]])''|[[Pakistan]] ''(as [[Zong 4G|Zong]])''|[[Japan]], [[Thailand]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Singapore]], [[Italy]] and [[Canada]] ''(as CMLink)''|}}
| key_people = Yang Jie ([[Chairman]]) 
| industry = [[Telecommunications industry|Telecommunications]]
| products = 
| services = {{ubl|[[Landline|Fixedline telephony]]|[[Mobile phone|Mobile telephony]]|[[Internet access|Broadband internet]]|[[Digital television]]|[[Internet television]]}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{CNY|812.0 billion|link=yes}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022">{{cite web |url=https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/ir/reports/ar2022.pdf |pages=19, 22 |title=Annual Report 2022 |publisher=China Mobile}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|129.0 billion}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/>
| net_income = {{increase}} {{CNY|125.6 billion}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/>
| assets = {{increase}} {{CNY|1.93 trillion}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/>
| equity = {{increase}} {{CNY|1.30 trillion}} (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/>
| num_employees = 450,698 (2022)<ref name="AR2022"/>
| owner = [[Government of China]] (72.72%)<ref name=AR2019/>{{rp|65}}
| parent = China Mobile Communications Group
| divisions = 
| subsid = {{aligned table|[[CMHK]]|(100%)|[[Zong Pakistan|Zong]]||CMLink|}}
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.10086.cn/}}<br/>{{URL|http://www.chinamobileltd.com}}
| footnotes = Source of the financial figures: the [[consolidated financial statement]]s<ref name=AR2019>{{cite report|url=https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/ir/reports/ar2019.pdf|title=Annual Report 2019|date=2020|access-date=13 November 2020|publisher=China Mobile Limited}}</ref>
| module = {{Infobox NSP
| child = yes
| asn = 9808
| asn_suffix = (China)
| asn2 = 58453
| asn2_suffix = (International)
| trafficlevels = 5-10&nbsp;Tbit/s<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.peeringdb.com/asn/58453 |title=PeeringDB |author=China Mobile International |publisher=PeeringDB |access-date=October 7, 2022}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = China Mobile Limited
| s = 中国移动有限公司
| t = 中國移動有限公司
| p = Zhōngguó Yídòng Yǒu Xiàn Gōngsī
| altname = China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.
| s2 = 中国移动通信集团有限公司
| t2 = 中國移動通信集團有限公司
| p2 = Zhōngguó yídòng tōngxìn jítuán yǒuxiàn gōngsī
| altname2 = brand name
| s3 = 中国移动
| t3 = 中國移動
| p3 = Zhōngguó Yídòng
| l3 = China Mobile
| order = st
}}

'''China Mobile''' is the trade name of both '''China Mobile Limited''' and its ultimate controlling shareholder, '''China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.''', a Chinese [[State-owned enterprises of China|state-owned]] [[telecommunications]]<ref name="Economist">Strait deals ''[[The Economist]]'', 7 May 2009</ref> company. It provides mobile voice and multimedia services through its nationwide [[mobile telecommunications]] network across [[mainland China]] and [[Hong Kong]].<ref name="CM1" /> China Mobile is the [[List of mobile network operators of the Asia Pacific region#China (mainland)|largest wireless carrier in China]], with 945.50 million subscribers as of June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/ir/operation_q.php|title = China Mobile Limited - Investor Relations > Operating Data}}</ref> China Mobile was ranked #25 in Forbes' Global 2000 in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|language=en|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=51d599675ac0|title=The Global 2000 2023|website=Forbes|access-date=2024-02-07|archive-date=2024-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129031905/https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0}}</ref>

China Mobile Limited is listed on the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] and the [[Hong Kong Stock Exchange]].<ref name="CM1">[https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/about/overview.php Overview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902095420/https://www.chinamobileltd.com/en/about/overview.php |date=2 September 2019 }} China Mobile Limited Official Site</ref> It is the [[List of mobile network operators|world's largest mobile network operator]] by total number of subscribers,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-04-25|title=The Largest Mobile Network Operators In The World|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-mobile-network-operators-in-the-world.html|access-date=2021-10-16|website=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}</ref> and the world's [[List of telephone operating companies|largest telecommunications company]] by revenue.

{{As of|2020|October|31}}, China Mobile Limited's total [[market value]] stood at HK$965&nbsp;billion, which is the largest [[red chip]] company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hkex.com.hk/Market-Data/Statistics/Consolidated-Reports/China-Dimension?sc_lang=en&select={55AE8A39-A5A2-4489-95E1-21E30BDEAFD7#select1=0&select2=1|title= List of Red Chip Companies|date=31 October 2020|publisher=Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref>

==History==
Incorporated in 1997 as China Telecom (Hong Kong) Limited,<ref name="mile">[http://www.chinamobileltd.com/about.php?menu=6 Milestone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102104939/http://www.chinamobileltd.com/about.php?menu=6 |date=2 November 2012 }} China Mobile Official Site</ref> China Mobile was born from the 1999 break-up of [[China Telecommunications Corporation]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA68 Asian economic and political issues, Volume 8 (page 68)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506062722/https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA68 |date=6 May 2016 }} Frank Columbus, Nova Publishers, 2003 (Google Books)</ref> This company continues to provide mobile services, however.<ref name=morning/>

In May 2008, the company took over [[China Tietong]], a fixed-line telecom<ref name="Epre">Telecoms in China ''[[The Economist]]'', 29 May 2008</ref> and the then third-largest broadband [[ISP]] in China<ref>[https://www.cnbc.com/id/24784814 China Mobile to take over China Tietong Telecom]{{dead link|date=November 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> adding Internet services to its core business of mobile services.

In October 2014, [[Nokia]] and China Mobile signed a $970 million framework deal for delivery between 2014 and 2015.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Nokia, China Mobile sign $970 million framework deal |date=10 October 2014 |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924205236/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

China Mobile is among the state entities which contribute to the [[China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund]], which was established in an effort to decrease China's reliance on foreign [[Semiconductor industry in China|semiconductor]] companies.<ref name=":Zhang">{{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Angela Huyue |title=High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9780197682258 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001}}</ref>{{Rp|page=274}} The fund was established in 2014.<ref name=":Zhang" />{{Rp|page=274}}

In December 2021, China Mobile announced that its international arm would cease operations in Canada due to national security concerns by the Canadian government.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chinese mobile phone giant pulling out of Canada amid security concerns|url=https://www.richmond-news.com/local-news/chinese-mobile-phone-giant-pulling-out-of-canada-amid-security-concerns-4905052|access-date=2021-12-31|website=Richmond News|date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

=== U.S. sanctions ===
In November 2020, President [[Donald Trump]] issued an [[Executive Order 13959|executive order]] prohibiting any American company or individual from owning shares in companies that the United States Department of Defense has listed as having links to the People's Liberation Army, which included China Mobile.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chen|first=Shawna|date=November 12, 2020|title=Trump bans Americans from investing in 31 companies with links to Chinese military|work=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]|url=https://www.axios.com/china-military-trump-investments-ban-a0458e29-2245-4bde-920b-d1c6bc698370.html|access-date=November 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Pamuk|first1=Humeyra|last2=Alper|first2=Alexandra|last3=Ali|first3=Idrees|date=2020-11-12|title=Trump bans U.S. investments in firms linked to Chinese military|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-securities-exclusive-idUSKBN27S2X3|access-date=2020-11-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Swanson|first=Ana|date=2020-11-12|title=Trump Bars Investment in Chinese Firms With Military Ties|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/12/business/economy/trump-china-investment-ban.html|access-date=2020-11-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On 31 December 2020, the New York Stock Exchange announced that it would suspend trading in China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom from 7 to 11 January 2021 and start the delisting process, causing stock values to drop.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mozur|first=Paul|date=2021-01-01|title=New York to Delist Chinese Telecom Firms in Symbolic Shift|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/01/business/nyse-delist-china-mobile.html|access-date=2021-01-01|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On 4 January the decision to delist was suddenly reversed; two days later, the NYSE said that the delistings would proceed.<ref name="leosun">{{Cite web|author=Leo Sun|date=7 January 2021|title=4 Lessons From China Mobile's Delisting Debacle|url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/4-lessons-from-china-mobiles-delisting-debacle-2021-01-07|access-date=13 January 2021|website=Nasdaq}}</ref> In the aftermath of the delisting, the company announced its decision to raise up to US$8.8 billion ahead of the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange|Shanghai stock exchange]] listing, according to an official [[Sina Weibo|Weibo]] post by the company.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-21|title=China Mobile to raise up to $8.8bn in Shanghai share listing|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-59737199|access-date=2021-12-21}}</ref>

In March 2022, the [[Federal Communications Commission]] designated China Mobile's U.S. subsidiary, China Mobile International USA, a national security threat.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shepardson |first1=David |last2=Satter |first2=Raphael |date=2022-03-26 |title=U.S. FCC adds Russia's Kaspersky, China telecom firms to national security threat list |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/us-fcc-adds-ao-kaspersky-lab-china-telecom-firms-national-security-threat-list-2022-03-25/ |access-date=2022-03-26}}</ref> In March 2025, the [[United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party]] initiated an inquiry into China Mobile and issued subpoenas for company records in April 2025 over security concerns.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alper |first=Alexandra |date=March 7, 2025 |editor-last=Choy |editor-first=Marguerita |title=US lawmakers press Chinese telecoms over ties to military, government |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-lawmakers-press-chinese-telecoms-over-ties-military-government-2025-03-07/ |access-date=March 8, 2025 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Martina |first=Michael |date=April 23, 2025 |title=US lawmakers subpoena China telecom giants over security concerns |url=https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/boards-policy-regulation/us-lawmakers-subpoena-china-telecom-giants-over-security-concerns-2025-04-23/ |access-date=April 25, 2025 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

=== Operations in Russia amid sanctions ===
China Mobile has faced criticism for continuing its operations in Russia despite the international sanctions imposed on the country following its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The company's decision aligns with the broader trend of major Chinese firms maintaining business as usual in Russia, as noted by monitoring projects such as [[Yale School of Management|Yale]]'s CELI list and the [[Kyiv School of Economics|KSE Institute]]'s "Leave Russia" project.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Russia-China Economic Relations Since the Full-Scale Invasion of Ukraine |url=https://sceeus.se/publikationer/russia-china-economic-relations-since-the-full-scale-invasion-of-ukraine-2/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Sceeus |language=sv-SE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=China Mobile |url=https://leave-russia.org/china-mobile |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=leave-russia.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Over 1,000 Companies Have Curtailed Operations in Russia—But Some Remain {{!}} Yale School of Management |url=https://som.yale.edu/story/2022/over-1000-companies-have-curtailed-operations-russia-some-remain |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=som.yale.edu |language=en}}</ref> Critics argue that this approach undermines global efforts to isolate Russia economically and politically for its actions in Ukraine. Furthermore, concerns have been raised regarding China Mobile's connections to state-owned entities and its role in facilitating cooperation between China and Russia in the telecommunications and media sectors. Such collaborations have been implicated in supporting disinformation campaigns and propaganda, further complicating China Mobile's controversial position in the international arena.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Ovsyaniy |first=Kyrylo |date=2024-02-15 |title=China's Hikvision, Dahua Security Cameras Heighten Risks Of Russian Attacks On Ukraine |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-cameras-china-security-risks-hikvision-dahua-schemes-investigation/32810571.html |access-date=2025-01-07 |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Russia and China agreed to cooperate in coordinating propaganda. TEXTY discovered evidence in leaked correspondence |url=https://texty.org.ua/articles/108666/russia-and-china-agreed-cooperate-coordinating-propaganda-texty-discovered-evidence-leaked-correspondence/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=texty.org.ua |language=uk}}</ref>  International authorities and digital security experts have raised concerns about the widespread use of Hikvision and Dahua (of which China Mobile is a significant shareholder)<ref name=":2" /> surveillance cameras. According to [[Security Service of Ukraine|Ukraine's State Security Service]] (SBU), hacked cameras have been used to gather intelligence on critical infrastructure and military movements, posing risks during the ongoing conflict with Russia. For instance, in a missile attack on Kyiv on January 2, 2024, two compromised outdoor cameras were allegedly used to guide the strikes.<ref name=":2" />

==Ownership and control==
A [[Government-owned corporation|state-owned enterprise]] directly controlled by the government of the People's Republic of China<ref name="Economist" /> and also a public company which is listed on the NYSE and the Hong Kong stock exchanges,<ref name="CM1" /> China Mobile has dominated [[Chinese mobile phone industry|Chinese mobile services]] since its inception for civilian and military purposes. According to the [[United States Department of Defense]], the company has links to the [[People's Liberation Army]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allen-Ebrahimian |first=Bethany |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Defense Department produces list of Chinese military-linked companies |work=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625220923/https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html |archive-date=25 June 2020}}</ref> {{as of|2010}}, China Mobile controls the vast majority of its domestic mobile services market with a 70% market share.<ref name="morning" /> [[China Unicom]] and [[China Telecom]] have 20% and 10% shares, respectively.<ref name="morning" />

The company likely enjoys substantial [[Protectionism|protectionist]] benefits from China's government<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA54 Asian Economic and Political Issues, Volume 8 (page 54)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527152631/https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA54|date=27 May 2016}} 2003. Frank Columbus. Nova Publishers. (Google Books)</ref> but also experiences frequent government intervention in its business affairs.<ref name="Asian Econ and Polit Issues">[https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA84 Asian Economic and Political Issues, Volume 8 (page 84)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723022621/https://books.google.com/books?id=CE2VGH7wJcYC&lpg=PA74&dq=%22China%20Mobile%22&pg=PA84|date=23 July 2016}} 2003. Frank Columbus. Nova Publishers. (Google Books)</ref> Government control is maintained through a presumably government-owned holding company, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd. (formerly: China Mobile Communications Corporation; CMCC), that owns 100 percent ownership of China Mobile (HK) Group Limited,<ref name="gov control">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090604221551/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/about/profile.html CMCC Profile] CMCC Official Site (Archive.org cache)</ref> which in turn holds over seventy percent ownership of China Mobile–the remainder being controlled by public investors, including MTN founder Leena Jaitley.<ref name="CM1" /> Established in 2000,<ref name="gov control" /> CMCC is China Mobile Ltd's current parent company {{as of|2019|lc=y}}.<ref name="AR2019" />

China Mobile is one of the "core" central SOEs overseen by [[State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council|State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC)]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Leutert |first=Wendy |title=China's State-Owned Enterprises: Leadership, Reform, and Internationalization |date=2024 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-009-48654-5 |edition= |series=Business and Public Policy Series |location=Cambridge}}</ref>{{Rp|page=10}}

== Finances ==
The key trends for China Mobile are (as of the financial year ending December 31):<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=CHINA MOBILE (HONG KONG) AKTIE Bilanz GuV {{!}} Umsatz und Gewinn {{!}} 909622 |url=https://www.finanzen.net/bilanz_guv/china_mobile |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=finanzen.net |language=de}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
!Revenue<br>([[HKD]] billions)
!Net income<br>(HKD billions)
!Total assets<br>(HKD billions)
!Employees<br>(thousands)
|-
|2018
|873
|140
|1,752
|459
|-
|2019
|846
|121
|1,822
|456
|-
|2020
|863
|121
|2,049
|454
|-
|2021
|1,022
|140
|2,252
|450
|-
|2022
|1,090
|146
|2,173
|451
|-
|2023
|1,115
|146
|2,193
|452
|-
|2024
|1,128
|150
|2,243
|455
|}

==Services==
===Rural services===
[[File:Flickr - World Economic Forum - Wang Jianzhou - Annual Meeting of the New Champions Tianjin 2008.jpg|thumb|right|[[Wang Jianzhou]], chairman and CEO during the Market Insight: Frontier Markets plenary session in Tianjin, China, 28 September 2008<ref>Copyright [[World Economic Forum]]</ref>]]
[[File:3G Mobile Phones fot China Mobile.jpg|thumb|Display of China Mobile phones, 2010]]

China Mobile was one of six state-owned companies that implemented the Connecting Every Village Project, which the [[Ministry of Industry and Information Technology]] began in 2004 to promote universal access to [[Telecommunications in China|telecommunication]] and [[Internet in China|internet]] services in [[Rural society in China|rural China]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Shi |first=Song |title=China and the Internet: Using New Media for Development and Social Change |date=2023 |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |isbn=9781978834736 |location=New Brunswick, NJ}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=24–25}} The MIIT required that China Mobile and the other state-owned companies build the communications infrastructure and assist in financing the project.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=25}} {{as of|December 2019|post=,}} 135 million rural households had used broadband internet.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=25}} The program successfully extended internet infrastructure throughout rural China and promoted development of the internet.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=25}}

China Mobile has historically held a greater share of the rural market than competitors.<ref name="BW China Mobile Leads">[http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/aug2009/gb2009085_090539.htm "Chinese Telecom: China Mobile Leads the Way"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809054445/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/aug2009/gb2009085_090539.htm |date=9 August 2009 }}. ''Bloomberg BusinessWeek''. 5 August 2009</ref> By 2006, its network had expanded to provide reception to 97% of the Chinese population,<ref name="CMCC Business Review">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/products/review.html Homepage > Brand & Products > Business Review] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822164959/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/products/review.html |date=22 August 2009 }} CMCC Official Site</ref> and the company has since seen a sustained stream of new, rural mobile customers.<ref name="BW China Mobile Leads" />

It also offers services targeted at the rural market including an agricultural information service, which facilitates a variety of activities such as the sale and purchase of agricultural products, access to market prices for produce and crops, wire transfers, bank withdrawals, and payments, etc.<ref name="CMCC 2008 CSR">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/corporate/2008csr_en/08/080102.html 2008 Corporate Social Responsibility Report – Rural Program] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708145214/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/corporate/2008csr_en/08/080102.html |date=8 July 2011 }} CMCC Official Site</ref>

===Overseas activities===
The company branched out in 2007 with the purchase of [[Paktel]] in Pakistan<ref name="CMCC News Paki">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press12.html CMCC Officially Enter Pakistani Telecommunication Market, 25 March 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601174804/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press12.html |date=1 June 2009 }} CMCC Official Site</ref> launching the [[Zong (mobile network operator)|Zong]] brand there a year later.<ref name="CMCC News ZONG">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press17.html ''ZoNG'' the first international brand of China Mobile being launched in Pakistan, 5 April 2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611063919/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press17.html |date=11 June 2009 }} CMCC Official Site</ref>
[[File:China Mobile LTE SIM.JPG|thumb|China Mobile [[SIM card]]]]
In 2013, China Mobile eyed expansion into [[Myanmar]] expressing interest in bidding for one of two licences on offer in a partnership with [[Vodafone]] although this plan ultimately fell through.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Vodafone and China Mobile pull out of Myanmar race |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vodafone-chinamobile-myanmar-idUSBRE94U0FT20130531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420174239/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-vodafone-chinamobile-myanmar-idUSBRE94U0FT20130531 |archive-date=20 April 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters}}</ref>

===Digital barrier removal===
In 2023, China Mobile's [[digital wallet]] users were able to make payments by scanning [[WeChat]] [[QR codes]] as part of a program to remove barriers between the [[ecosystem]]s of technology companies in [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web|language=en|url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3241195/tencents-wechat-ties-digital-wallets-chinas-big-telcos-latest-breach-mobile-payments-walled-garden|title=Huawei wins lion's share of China Mobile's 5G base station contracts, in much needed boost to revenue|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=2024-02-08|archive-date=2023-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722000058/https://www.scmp.com/?module=masthead&pgtype=article}}</ref>

==Brands==
===Mainland China===
[[File:SZ 深圳北站 Shenzhen North Station 東廣場 East Square 繽果空間購物中心 Bingo Space Shopping Center shop China Mobile 4G sign Feb 2017 IX1.jpg|thumb|right|A China Mobile store in [[Shenzhen]]]]

Mobile services are available in [[Mainland China]] under several brands as of 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Our Brands |url=http://www.10086.cn/en/mainland/products/brands.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204084444/http://www.10086.cn/en/mainland/products/brands.html |archive-date=4 December 2010 |access-date=18 March 2008 |publisher=China Mobile}} (Archive.org cache)</ref> {{as of|2013}}, the below brands are scheduled to be slowly phased out and replaced by an all-encompassing new brand name—And<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2016 |title=Leo Burnett Wins Pitch for Telecom Giant China Mobile 'And' Brand |url=http://leoburnett.com/articles/news/leo-burnett-wins-pitch-for-telecom-giant-china-mobile-and-brand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317041338/http://leoburnett.com/articles/news/leo-burnett-wins-pitch-for-telecom-giant-china-mobile-and-brand/ |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=leoburnett.com |publisher=Leo Burnett}}</ref>—whose logo combines an exclamation point, the Chinese character for "peace" ({{zh|labels=no|c=和|p=Hé}}), as well as the English word "and".<ref name="G3" />
 
;GoTone:
({{zh|links=no|c=全球通|p=Quánqiútōng}} Rough translation: "Global Connect"): subscription<ref name="translator">{{Cite conference |date=19 March 2003 |title=DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QUANQIUTONG AND SHENZHOUXING |url=http://home.wangjianshuo.com/archives/20030319_difference_between_quanqiutong_and_shenzhouxing.htm |location=Shanghai |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217024945/http://home.wangjianshuo.com/archives/20030319_difference_between_quanqiutong_and_shenzhouxing.htm |archive-date=17 February 2013 |access-date=4 January 2012 |book-title=Wangjianshuo's blog |url-status=dead}}</ref> flagship brand<ref name="CMCC Brand Splash">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100630155206/http://www.10086.cn/en/mainland/products/brands.html Homepage > Brand & Products > Our Brands] CMCC Official Site (Archive.org cache)</ref>
;M-zone:
({{zh|links=no|c=动感地带|p=Dònggǎndìdài}} Rough translation: "Dynamic Area"): a premium prepaid service popular with youths<ref name="CMCC Brand Splash" />
;Easyown:
[[File:Tonghai County - Hongqi He - P1360293.JPG|thumb|A sign near a China Mobile fiber-optic cable reminds of the legal responsibility for damaging telecommunication cables.]]
({{zh|links=no|c=神州行|p=Shénzhōuxíng}} Rough translation: "Travel across China"<ref name=translator/> (lit. "travel the holy states")): a basic [[prepaid mobile phone]] service more heavily marketed in rural areas<ref name="CMCC Business Review" />
;G3:
A 3G service brand using [[TD-SCDMA]]<ref name="G3">{{Cite web |last=Jingting, Shen |date=18 December 2013 |title=China Mobile launches new 4G service brand |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2013-12/18/content_17182127.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005230501/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2013-12/18/content_17182127.htm |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=10 April 2016 |website=chinadaily.com |publisher=China Daily}}</ref> (likely introduced post-2007)
;and!和:
A 4G/LTE service brand using [[TD-LTE]]

===Hong Kong===
[[China Mobile Hong Kong|CMHK]] is a wholly owned subsidiary of China Mobile. It offers [[GSM]], [[GPRS]], [[EDGE (telecommunication)|EDGE]], [[HSPA+]] ([[MVNO]]), [[LTE (telecommunication)|FD-LTE]] and [[TD-LTE]] technologies to customers in this the [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporate Overview |url=http://www.hk.chinamobile.com/en/about_us/profile/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822033649/http://www.hk.chinamobile.com/en/about_us/profile/ |archive-date=22 August 2015 |access-date=6 August 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Pakistan===
{{main|Zong Pakistan}}[[Zong 4G|Zong]] is China Mobile's brand in Pakistan and is operated by China Mobile Pakistan (CMPak), a subsidiary.<ref name="CMCC News ZONG" />

===United Kingdom===
In December 2017, China Mobile launched a [[MVNO]] service in the UK called CMLink. CMLink is aimed at the Chinese population living in the UK and Chinese visitors and students. Plans include free calls to China Mobile phones in China.<ref name="silicon.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=13 December 2017 |title=China Mobile Launches CMLink UK MVNO for Chinese Community |url=https://www.silicon.co.uk/networks/broadband/china-mobile-cmlink-226057 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815131553/https://www.silicon.co.uk/networks/broadband/china-mobile-cmlink-226057 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref>

=== Singapore ===
In June 2020, China Mobile launched a [[MVNO]] service called CMLink. It uses Singtel networks, which is one of Singapore's largest mobile network operator.

CMLink is aimed at the Chinese population living in the Singapore and Chinese visitors and students. Plans include free calls to China Mobile phones in China.<ref name="silicon.co.uk"/>

==Network==
China Mobile operates a [[GSM]] network,<ref name="CMCC News BO">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press080821_01.html Beijing Olympic Games spur another technological leap forward] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828044551/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/media/press080821_01.html |date=28 August 2009 }} China Mobile, 18 Aug 2008</ref> which encompasses all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and directly administered municipalities in mainland China and includes Hong Kong, too.<ref name=CM1/> [[GPRS]] is utilized for data transmission.<ref name="CMCC Network">[http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/about/technologies.html Networks & Technologies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090821131929/http://www.chinamobile.com/en/mainland/about/technologies.html |date=21 August 2009 }} China Mobile</ref>

;3G:
Marketed as "''G3''", the company controls 70% of the Chinese mobile market but a far smaller percentage of the [[3G]] market.<ref name=morning/> {{as of|2012|May}}, its nearly 60 million 3G subscribers account for roughly 9% of its total subscriber base,<ref name=td-lte/> which is an increase from 3% in 2010.<ref name="morning">China Mobile Still Dominates, but Faces Competition in 3G. ''morningstar.com'', 22 October 2010</ref>

Its 3G network, still under construction in 2010, utilizes the [[TD-SCDMA]] standard, which China Mobile helped develop. 3G service is available in all of the 4 [[direct-controlled municipality|direct-controlled municipalities]] and most of the 283 [[prefecture-level cities]] in China {{as of|2010|lc=y}}.<ref name=2010rep/>

;4G:
Marketed as "''and和''", as of 2010, China Mobile has debuted small-scale 4G demonstration networks using a variant of [[3GPP]]'s [[Long Term Evolution]], TD-LTE, and has plans for larger, citywide demonstration networks in the future.<ref name="2010rep">{{Cite conference |year=2010 |title=China Mobile Limited: Annual Report 2010 |url=http://www.chinamobileltd.com/images/pdf/2011/ar/2010_a_e_full.pdf |publisher=China Mobile Ltd |pages=13–14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617005835/http://www.chinamobileltd.com/images/pdf/2011/ar/2010_a_e_full.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2011 |access-date=18 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|2012|May}}, such networks are in operation.<ref name=td-lte/>

While prior iPhone models could not use the China Mobile network due to the chipset relying on WCDMA-based networks, talks to carry the then unreleased 4G [[iPhone]] ([[iPhone 5]]) began in mid-2012.<ref name=td-lte>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Chyen Yee |date=16 May 2012 <!-- 1:22am EDT --> |title=China Mobile in talks with Apple for iPhone |work=reuters.com |publisher=Thomson Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chinamobile-idUSBRE84F06I20120516 |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519163127/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/16/us-chinamobile-idUSBRE84F06I20120516 |archive-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> The [[iPhone 5c]] and [[iPhone 5s]] were sold through China Mobile starting in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony Ha |title=Apple Announces Deal To Bring iPhones To China Mobile Starting On Jan. 17 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/22/apple-china-mobile/?ncid=fb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217082523/https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/22/apple-china-mobile/?ncid=fb |archive-date=17 February 2018 |access-date=6 August 2015 |website=TechCrunch |date=22 December 2013 |publisher=AOL}}</ref>

;5G:
China Mobile is developing a 5G service. As part of this development, Huawei has been awarded 52 percent of 5G contracts in 2023 (estimated at 45,426 base stations).<ref>{{Cite web|language=en|url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3223886/huawei-wins-lions-share-china-mobiles-5g-base-station-contracts-much-needed-boost-revenue|title=Huawei wins lion's share of China Mobile's 5G base station contracts, in much needed boost to revenue|website=South China Morning Post|date=13 June 2023 |access-date=2024-02-08|archive-date=2023-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722012031/https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3223886/huawei-wins-lions-share-china-mobiles-5g-base-station-contracts-much-needed-boost-revenue}}</ref>

;Everest:
In 2003 and again in 2007, China Mobile provided mobile services on [[Mount Everest]].<ref>For 2003 service, see [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2956947.stm Everest goes online for anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111144127/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2956947.stm |date=11 January 2011 }} Mary Hennock, bbc.co.uk, Wednesday, 23 April 2003, 04:23 GMT 05:23 UK
*For 2007 service, see [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna21777317 China tests Mt. Everest cell station] NBC News.msn.com, 13 November 2007 8:09:24 PM ET</ref>

;Spratly Isles coverage
In May 2011, China Mobile announced its network now includes the controversial [[Spratly Islands]].<ref>Ian Mansfield, 18 May 2011, [http://www.cellular-news.com/story/49219.php China Mobile Expands Coverage to the Spratly Islands] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316142717/http://www.cellular-news.com/story/49219.php |date=16 March 2012 }}, Cellular News</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Companies}}
* [[List of largest companies by revenue]]
* [[List of mobile network operators]]
* [[List of mobile network operators of the Americas]]
* [[List of mobile network operators of the Asia Pacific region]]
* [[List of mobile network operators of the Middle East and Africa]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* {{Finance links
| symbol = 941
| google = HKG:+0941
| yahoo = 0941.HK
| bloomberg = 941:HK
| reuters = 0941.HK
}}
{{commons category|China Mobile}}
* {{official website}}

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