Editing Chisholm, Minnesota

{{Short description|City in Minnesota, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Chisholm
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| nickname           = 
| motto              = <!-- Images -->
| image_skyline      = {{Photomontage
| photo1a                 = Aerial panorama of Chisholm, Minnesota, from over Longyear Lake.jpg
| alt1a                   = Aerial image looking down at angle showing lake in foreground and city beyond it.
| photo2a                 = St. Joseph Catholic Church, Chisholm, MN 02.jpg
| alt2a                   = Exterior: Sun light streaming through stain glass windows of 1950s building on to wall 
| photo2b                 = Minnesota Museum of Mining, Chisholm, MN 04.jpg
| alt2b                   = Exterior of stone Castle-like building. One story with two towers on either end.
| photo3a                 = Chisholm Elementary, Chisholm, MN 01.jpg
| alt3a                   = A Three-story brick building 
| photo3b                 = Minnesota Discovery Center summer entrance detail.jpg
| alt3b                   = Front entrance of brick and glass building. Sign near roof top says Minnesota Discovery Center.
| spacing                 = 2
| position                = center
| color_border            = white
| color                   = white
| size                    = 280
| foot_montage            =
}}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Clockwise from the top: Aerial panorama of Chisholm, Minnesota Museum of Mining, Minnesota Discovery Center, Chisholm Elementary, and St. Joseph Catholic Church
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = <!-- Maps -->
| image_map          = St._Louis_County_Minnesota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Chisholm_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location of the city of Chisholm<br />within [[St. Louis County, Minnesota]]
| image_map1         = 
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = <!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Minnesota]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Minnesota|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[St. Louis County, Minnesota|St. Louis]]

<!-- Government -->| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = Incorporated
| established_date   = July 23, 1901

<!-- Area -->| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_27.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 24, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 12.24
| area_land_km2      = 11.57
| area_water_km2     = 0.67
| area_total_sq_mi   = 4.73
| area_land_sq_mi    = 4.47
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.26

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est     = 
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 4775
| population_density_km2 = 412.56
| population_density_sq_mi = 1068.47

<!-- General information -->| timezone           = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset         = -6
| timezone_DST       = CDT
| utc_offset_DST     = -5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GR3"/>
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 1539
| coordinates        = {{coord|47|29|28|N|92|52|44|W|region:US-MN|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code        = 55719
| area_code          = [[Area code 218|218]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 27-11386
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 0660998<ref name="GR3">{{GNIS|660998}}</ref>
| website            = [http://www.chisholm.govoffice.com/ City of Chisholm]
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Chisholm''' is a city in [[St. Louis County, Minnesota|St. Louis County]], [[Minnesota]], United States.  The population was 4,775 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chisholm, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/all?q=Chisholm%20city,%20Minnesota |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=Census}}</ref> The city has been called "The Heart of the Iron Range" due to its location in the middle of the [[Mesabi Range|Mesabi Iron Range]].

==History==
The city was named for its founder, Archibald Mark Chisholm (1862–1933), a mining man and investor from [[Glengarry County]], Ontario, Canada.<ref name="Upham 479">{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog | title=Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance | publisher=Minnesota Historical Society | last=Upham | first=Warren | year=1920 | page=[https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog/page/n498 479]}}</ref> Chisholm was incorporated in 1901.<ref name="Upham 479" /> A post office called Chisholm has been in operation since 1901.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=MN&county=Saint+Louis |title=St. Louis County |publisher=Jim Forte Postal History |access-date=7 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115230456/http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=MN&county=Saint+Louis |archive-date=15 January 2016 }}</ref> With a railroad line to [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]] and plenty of mining work available in and near town, Chisholm's population grew rapidly, and by 1908 it had more than 6,000 people and 500 buildings. On September 5, 1908, a fast-moving [[forest fire]] obliterated the town due to dry conditions and the wooden construction of nearly all the town's buildings. Many people escaped by going into the lake. No one died in the fire. Afterward, building codes were enhanced, and by the next summer, more than 70 fireproof buildings had been erected.

Chisholm became a city in 1934.

=== 1930s and 1940s ===
Chisholm experienced significant change throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries, reflecting the booms and busts of the iron mining industry.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-04-11 |title=Explaining the Iron Range downturn |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/04/11/explaining-the-iron-range-economic-downturn |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=MPR News |language=en}}</ref> The 1930s were a challenging time for Chisholm. The Great Depression affected iron ore demand, leading to mine closures and unemployment. Workers faced labor unrest and strikes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=CCC helped millions of unemployed in Great Depression - Tri-County News |url=https://www.tricountynews.com/articles/ccc-helped-millions-of-unemployed-in-great-depression-2/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=Tri-County News -}}</ref> World War II brought renewed demand for iron ore, reviving Chisholm's economy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollingsworth |first=Jana |date=March 17, 2023 |title=How important was the Iron Range to winning World War II? |url=https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-iron-range-mesabi-world-war-2-ore-steel-mining/600259684/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref>

Muralist [[Elizabeth Carney Pope]] completed a [[Works Progress Administration]] (WPA) mural, ''Discovery of Ore'', in the Chisholm post office in 1941.

=== 1970s and 1980s ===
The 1970s saw a decline in iron ore prices and a shift to foreign competition. Mines in and near Chisholm began closing again, resulting in job losses and population decline. The city grappled with economic diversification efforts.<ref name=":0" />

=== Since the 1990s ===
The late 20th and early 21st centuries brought continued adjustments. Tourism and healthcare emerged as new economic sectors. Chisholm focused on preserving its mining history and revitalizing its downtown area. It maintains a strong connection to its iron mining past. The Minnesota Museum of Mining and the Minnesota Discover Center interprets the region's mining history, and the city hosts festivals and events celebrating its heritage.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lauritsen |first=John |date=2023-05-10 |title=Iron ore and baseball celebrated at Chisholm's Minnesota Museum of Mining - CBS Minnesota |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/iron-ore-and-baseball-celebrated-at-chisholms-minnesota-museum-of-mining/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{convert|4.74|sqmi|sqkm|2}}; {{convert|4.48|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.26|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=2012-01-25 }}</ref>

Chisholm is in the center of the [[Mesabi Range|Mesabi Iron Range]], one of the four [[Iron Range|iron ranges]] in Minnesota's [[Arrowhead Region]].

[[U.S. Route 169 in Minnesota|U.S. Highway 169]] and [[Minnesota State Highway 73|State Highway 73 (MN 73)]] are two of Chisholm's main routes.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1910= 7684
|1920= 9039
|1930= 8308
|1940= 7487
|1950= 6861
|1960= 7144
|1970= 5913
|1980= 5930
|1990= 5290
|2000= 4960
|2010= 4976
|2020= 4775
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 23, 2014}}</ref><br />2013 Estimate<ref name="2013 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2014-07-23}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-11-13}}</ref> of 2010, there were 4,976 people, 2,257 households, and 1,260 families living in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1110.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 2,524 housing units at an average density of {{convert|563.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 95.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.8% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 2,256 households, of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.1% were non-families. 39.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the city was 40.7 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.7% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.2% male and 49.8% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]], there were 4,960 people, 2,178 households, and 1,287 families living in the city.  The population density was {{convert|1,129|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 2,375 housing units at an average density of {{convert|540|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], less than one percent [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], and 1% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.7% of the population.  (Percentages may not add to exactly 100 due to rounding.) 12.8% were of [[finns|Finnish]], 11.9% [[germans|German]], 9.9% [[slovenes|Slovene]], 8.5% [[italians|Italian]], 8.4% [[norwegians|Norwegian]], 6.4% [[Irish people|Irish]] and 5.8% [[French people|French]] ancestry.

There were 2,178 households, out of which 28% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41% were non-families. 37% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.9.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22% under the age of 18, 8% from 18 to 24, 25% from 25 to 44, 23% from 45 to 64, and 22% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 92 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,472, and the median income for a family was $40,431. Males had a median income of $35,972 versus $21,406 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,204.  About 6% of families and 12% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14% of those under age 18 and 11% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
[[File:Chisholm High School, Chisholm, MN 02.jpg|thumb|Chisholm High School]]

The Chisholm Independent School District draws students from Chisholm and surrounding [[Balkan Township, St. Louis County, Minnesota|Balkan Township]]. Vaughan–Steffensrud Elementary School (named for the first two superintendents of the Chisholm school system) has classes for children from preschool through third grade, Chisholm Elementary School has students in grades 4 through 6, and Chisholm High School has grades 7 through 12.

==Notable people==
* [[John Blatnik]], U.S. Congressman
* [[Roger Enrico]], CEO of [[PepsiCo]]
* [[Philip Falcone]], billionaire Wall Street investor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.startribune.com/business/108284954.html|title=SEC, N.Y. investigate loan to Chisholm's Falcone|website=[[Star Tribune]] |access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Ann Govednik]], Olympic breaststroke swimmer
* [[Moonlight Graham|Archibald "Moonlight" Graham]], former Major League Baseball player, town doctor
* [[Patty Hajdu]], Canadian politician
* [[Ben Hoberman]], pioneer of the all-talk radio format
* [[Richard Kelly (Minnesota politician)|Richard Kelly]], Minnesota state legislator and politician
* [[Cameron Latu]], NFL tight end 
* [[Joel Maturi]], [[University of Minnesota]] athletic director
* [[Jim Oberstar]], U.S. Congressman
* [[Dan Orlich]], NFL defensive end
* [[Shawn Rojeski]], [[2006 Winter Olympics]] [[Curling at the 2006 Winter Olympics#Men's|men's curling]] bronze medalist
* [[Tony Sertich]], Minnesota politician and House majority leader
* [[John Shuster]], [[2018 Winter Olympics]] [[Curling at the 2018 Winter Olympics#Men's|men's curling]] gold medalist
* [[Jason Smith (curler)|Jason Smith]], [[2010 Winter Olympics]] [[Curling at the 2010 Winter Olympics#Men's|men's curler]]
* [[David Tomassoni]], Olympic and professional hockey player and Minnesota state legislator

==In popular culture==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2021}}
* In the movie ''[[Field of Dreams]]'', Ray Kinsella and Terence Mann go to Chisholm to find [[Moonlight Graham|Archibald "Moonlight" Graham]], or "Doc" Graham, as Chisholm residents called him, who worked as a doctor in Chisholm for 50 years after his baseball career. The scenes depicting the town were filmed in [[Galena, Illinois]].
* Scenes of the drama film ''[[North Country (film)|North Country]]'' (2005) were filmed in Chisholm.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Chisholm, Minnesota}}
* [http://www.chisholm.govoffice.com/ City of Chisholm, MN – Official Website]

{{St. Louis County, Minnesota}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1901 establishments in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Cities in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Cities in St. Louis County, Minnesota]]
[[Category:Mining communities in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1901]]