Editing Chris Claremont

{{Short description|American comic book writer}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox comics creator
| image        = Chris Claremont Richmond 2024 (3).jpg
| alt          = Claremont seated and grinning with his arms crossed
| caption      = Claremont at the 2024 [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]] [[GalaxyCon]]
| birth_date   = {{nowrap|{{Birth date and age|1950|11|25}}}}
| birth_name   = Christopher S. Claremont
| birth_place  = [[London]], England
| death_date   = 
| death_place  = 
| notable works= ''[[Uncanny X-Men]]''<br/>''[[New Mutants]]''<br/>''[[Captain Britain]]''<br/>''[[Excalibur (comics)|Excalibur]]''<br/>''[[Wolverine (comic book)|Wolverine]]''<br/>''[[Fantastic Four]]''<br/>''[[Ms. Marvel]]''<br/>''[[Iron Fist (character)|Iron Fist]]''<br/>''[[X-Treme X-Men]]''
| awards       = [[Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award]]: 1983, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1990<br/>[[Eagle Award (comics)|Eagle Award]]: 1979 and 1980<br/>[[Will Eisner Award]] Hall of Fame (2015)
| website      = {{URL|chrisclaremont.com}}
| spouse       = Bonnie Wilford (?–?)<br/>Beth Fleisher (current)
| children     = 2
}}
'''Christopher S. Claremont'''<ref>[[Given name]]: cover, ''Marvel Graphic Novel'' #5: ''X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills''.</ref><ref>Middle initial: "X-Mail" [[comic book letter column|letter column]], ''Uncanny X-Men'' #144 (Apr. 1981).</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|ɛər|m|ɒ|n|t}}; born November 25, 1950) is an English-born American [[comic book]] writer and novelist. Claremont is best known for his 16-year stint on ''[[Uncanny X-Men]]'' from 1975 to 1991, far longer than that of any other writer,<ref name="X-MenAnniversarySpecial">Claremont, Chris. ''Marvel Age Special: X-Men Anniversary Magazine'' vol. 1, #1 (Sept. 1993).</ref> during which he is credited with developing strong female characters as well as introducing complex literary themes into superhero narratives, turning the once underachieving comic into one of [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]]'s most popular series.<ref name=PublishersWeekly>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/comics/article/49499-x-men-writer-chris-claremont-donates-archive-to-columbia-university.html|title= X-Men Writer Chris Claremont Donates Archive to Columbia University|first= Calvin|last= Reid|date= November 14, 2011|magazine= [[Publishers Weekly]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121119023132/http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/comics/article/49499-x-men-writer-chris-claremont-donates-archive-to-columbia-university.html|archive-date= November 19, 2012|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=NewYorkMag>{{cite magazine |url= http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/3522/|title= The X-Men Files|first= Alec|last= Foege|date= July 17, 2000|magazine= [[New York Magazine]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130901233120/http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/3522/|archive-date= September 1, 2013|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name=Hiatt>{{cite magazine |last1=Hiatt |first1=Brian |title=The True Origins of 'X-Men' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/the-true-origins-of-x-men-77108/ |access-date=December 11, 2019 |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=May 26, 2014}}</ref> During his tenure, ''X-Men'' was the best-selling comic book in the world.<ref>Deman, p. 1.</ref>

During his tenure at Marvel, Claremont co-created numerous [[X-Men]] characters, such as [[Rogue (comics)|Rogue]], [[Betsy Braddock|Psylocke (Betsy Braddock)]], [[Kitty Pryde|Kitty Pryde/Shadowcat]], [[Phoenix Force (comics)|Phoenix]], the [[Brood (comics)|Brood]], [[Lockheed (comics)|Lockheed]], [[Shi'ar]], [[Imperial Guard (Marvel Comics)|Shi'ar Imperial Guard]], [[Mystique (comics)|Mystique]], [[Destiny (Irene Adler)|Destiny]], [[Selene (comics)|Selene]], [[Reverend William Stryker]], [[Lady Mastermind]], [[Emma Frost]], [[Sage (comics)|Tessa]], [[Siryn]], [[Jubilee (comics)|Jubilee]], [[Rachel Summers]], [[Madelyne Pryor]], [[Moira MacTaggert]], [[Lilandra]], [[Shadow King]], [[Cannonball (comics)|Cannonball]], [[Warpath (comics)|Warpath]], [[Danielle Moonstar|Mirage]], [[Wolfsbane (comics)|Wolfsbane]], [[Karma (comics)|Karma]], [[Cypher (comics)|Cypher]], [[Sabretooth (character)|Sabretooth]], [[Empath (comics)|Empath]], [[Sebastian Shaw (comics)|Sebastian Shaw]], [[Donald Pierce]], [[Avalanche (comics)|Avalanche]], [[Pyro (Marvel Comics)|Pyro]], [[Legion (Marvel Comics)|Legion]], [[Nimrod (comics)|Nimrod]],   [[Gateway (comics)|Gateway]], [[Strong Guy]], [[Proteus (Marvel Comics)|Proteus]], [[Mister Sinister]], [[Marauders (comics)|Marauders]], [[Purifiers (Marvel Comics)|Purifiers]], [[Captain Britain]], [[Sunspot (comics)|Sunspot]], [[Forge (comics)|Forge]], and [[Gambit (Marvel Comics)|Gambit]].

Claremont wrote many classic stories, including "[[The Dark Phoenix Saga]]" and "[[Days of Future Past]]", on which he collaborated with [[John Byrne (comics)|John Byrne]].<ref name=CBRAIDS>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=29600|title= Comic Legend Chris Claremont Allies with Borders for World AIDS Day|date= November 26, 2010|website=Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101128014314/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=29600|archive-date= November 28, 2010|url-status= live}}</ref> He developed the character of [[Wolverine (character)|Wolverine]] into a fan favorite. ''[[X-Men: Legacy|X-Men]]'' #1, the 1991 spinoff series premiere that Claremont co-wrote with [[Jim Lee]], remains the bestselling comic book of all time, according to ''[[Guinness World Records]]''. In 2015, Claremont and his ''X-Men'' collaborator John Byrne were entered into the [[Will Eisner Award]] Hall of Fame.

==Early life==
Claremont was born in [[London]], England.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller |first=John Jackson |author-link=John Jackson Miller |url=http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays |title=Comics Industry Birthdays |work=[[Comics Buyer's Guide]] |date=June 10, 2005 |location=Iola, Wisconsin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218031356/http://cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/comics-industry-birthdays |archive-date=February 18, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/c/chris-claremont/|title= Chris Claremont|year= 2013|publisher= Fantastic Fiction|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130914003217/http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/c/chris-claremont/|archive-date= September 14, 2013|url-status= live|access-date= November 17, 2010}}</ref> His father was an internist and his mother was a pilot and caterer.<ref name=NewYorkMag/> Claremont is [[Jewish]] on his mother's side, and lived in a [[kibbutz]] in [[Israel]] during his youth.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://jewishworldnews.org/good-guys-win-in-the-end-must-we-wait-for-the-30th-century/|title= Good guys win in the end— Must we wait for the 30th century??|first= Larry|last= Wilson|date= September 5, 2012|publisher= Jewishworldnews.org|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131201081739/http://jewishworldnews.org/good-guys-win-in-the-end-must-we-wait-for-the-30th-century/|archive-date= December 1, 2013|url-status= dead|access-date= December 1, 2013|quote= All that changed however in the mid 1970s when writer Chris Claremont came on board. Despite his non-Jewish-sounding name, this London-born, New York-raised lad is Jewish… he even spent time on an Israeli kibbutz in his youth.}}</ref><ref>Klotz, Bryan (June 2009). [http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1129&context=srhonorsprog "Secret Identities: Graphic Literature and the Jewish- American Experience"]. [[University of Rhode Island]]. Retrieved May 24, 2014.</ref> His family moved to the United States when he was three years old,<ref name=TheTimes>{{cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/now-where-was-i-the-uncanny-chris-claremont-on-rejoining-the-x-men-z8tz755sbpc |title=Now where was I? The uncanny Chris Claremont on rejoining the X-Men |first=Owen |last= Vaughan |date=October 30, 2009 |newspaper=[[The Times]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131221001423/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/arts/film/article2432216.ece |archive-date=December 21, 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=December 1, 2013 }}</ref> and he was raised primarily on [[Long Island]]. Alienated by the sports-oriented suburbs,<ref name="NewYorkMag"/> his grandmother purchased for him a subscription to ''[[Eagle (comic)|Eagle]]'' when he was a child, and he grew up reading ''[[Dan Dare]]'', finding them more exciting than the [[Batman]] and [[Superman]] comics of the 1950s and early 1960s.<ref name=TheTimes/> He read works by science fiction writers such as [[Robert Heinlein]], as well as writers of other genres such as [[Rudyard Kipling]] and [[C. S. Forester]].<ref name=NewYorkMag/>

==Career==
===Comics===
====1969–1991====
[[File:Loz claremont vhs 1.png|thumb|Chris Claremont at a comic convention in New York City around 1990]]
Claremont initially did not view the comic book industry as the place where he would make his career, as he believed the dwindling readership to be a sign that the industry was dying, and found the material being published to be uninteresting.<ref name=TheTimes/> Instead, when he began at [[Bard College]], he did so as a political theorist, studying acting and political theory,<ref name=NewYorkMag/><ref name=XMail>"X-Mail", ''Uncanny X-Men'' #164 (December 1982). Marvel Comics.</ref><ref name=Bard>{{cite web |url= http://www.bard.edu/catalogue/index.php?aid=11412&sid=669465|title= Charles Flint Kellogg Award in Arts and Letters|year= 2013 |publisher= Bard College Catalogue|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131201005511/http://www.bard.edu/catalogue/index.php?aid=11412&sid=669465|archive-date=December 1, 2013 |url-status= live}}</ref> and writing novels with the hope of becoming a director. His first professional sale was a prose story.<ref name=TheTimes/> He graduated in 1972.<ref name=XMail/><ref name=Bard/>

Claremont's career began in 1969, as a college undergraduate, when he was hired as a [[gofer]]/editorial assistant at [[Marvel Comics]]. His first professional scripting assignment was ''[[Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)|Daredevil]]'' #102 (Aug. 1973). As an entry into regular comics writing, Claremont was given the fledgling feature "[[Iron Fist (character)|Iron Fist]]" in ''[[Marvel Premiere]]'' as of issue #23 (Aug. 1975). He was joined two issues later by artist [[John Byrne (comics)|John Byrne]]. The Claremont/Byrne team continued to work together when the character received its own self-titled series in November 1975. This title lasted 15 issues.

Though his acting career did not yield great success, he functioned well at Marvel, where he obtained a full-time position. One of the first new characters created by Claremont was [[Jamie Madrox|Madrox the Multiple Man]] in ''[[Fantastic Four (comic book)|Giant-Size Fantastic Four]]'' #4 (Feb. 1975).<ref>{{cite book|last1= Sanderson|first1= Peter|author-link= Peter Sanderson|last2= Gilbert|first2= Laura, ed.|chapter= 1970s|title= Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History|publisher= [[Dorling Kindersley]]|year= 2008|location= London, United Kingdom|page= 168|isbn=978-0-7566-4123-8|quote= In this issue, new Marvel writer Chris Claremont and artist John Buscema introduced Madrox the Multiple Man, a mutant who could duplicate his body over and over.}}</ref> Marvel's editor-in-chief at the time, [[Len Wein]], who recognized Claremont's enthusiasm for the new X-Men that Wein and [[Dave Cockrum]] had created in 1975, hired Claremont, a relatively young writer, to take over the series as of [[Uncanny X-Men 94|issue #94]] (May 1975),<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 170: "The 'new' X-Men team...moved into this thirty-two-page bimonthly comic...and writer Chris Claremont took over the scripting."</ref> reasoning that doing so would not draw opposition from other writers, given the book's poor standing. Claremont approached the job as a [[method actor]], developing the characters by examining their motives, desires and individual personalities. This approach drew immediate positive reaction. According to former Marvel editor-in-chief [[Bob Harras]], "He lived it and breathed it. He would write whole paragraphs about what people were wearing. He really got into these people's thoughts, hopes, dreams." Claremont's take on the series has been likened to writing "the [[Great American Novel]] about complex characters who just happened to fly", incorporating surprise character developments and emotional nuances amid the operatic battles that otherwise typified American superhero comics.<ref name=NewYorkMag/> By his own admission,<ref>{{cite book|last= Claremont|first= Chris|chapter= Introduction|title= X-Men: Asgardian Wars|publisher= Marvel Comics|year= 1988|pages= 6–7|isbn= 978-0-87135-434-1}}</ref> Claremont acquired a reputation for taking a long time to resolve plot threads, and longtime X-Men editor [[Louise Simonson]] recounted that whenever she was at a loss for story ideas, "All I'd have to do was go through all of the plot threads that he had left for the last year or two."<ref name="PoorDoug">{{cite news | last= Grant | first= Paul J. | date= August 1993 | title= Poor Dead Doug, and Other Mutant Memories | work= Wizard: X-Men Turn Thirty | pages= 66–69}}</ref>

Claremont introduced new supporting characters to the ''X-Men'' series including [[Moira MacTaggert]] in issue #96<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 171: "In this issue, the first to be plotted as well as scripted by Chris Claremont, Claremont and artist Dave Cockrum introduced geneticist Moira MacTaggert."</ref> and [[Lilandra Neramani]] in #97.<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 175: "Writer Chris Claremont and artist Dave Cockrum also introduced the alien Shi'ar race, the Shi'ar Princess Lilandra, and covert agent Erik the Red in ''X-Men'' #97."</ref> [[Jean Grey]] a.k.a. Marvel Girl, one of Marvel's first female heroes, underwent a dramatic transformation into the extremely powerful Phoenix in issue #101.<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 176: "The transformation of Jean Grey into Phoenix was a dramatic affair...Writer Chris Claremont and artist Dave Cockrum's intent in transforming Jean Grey into Phoenix was to boost Jean's powers to a higher level."</ref> Issue #107 (Oct. 1977) saw the introduction of the [[Starjammers]]<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 181: "Cockrum and writer Chris Claremont introduced the Starjammers, a band of space pirates led by Corsair."</ref> as well as the departure of artist Dave Cockrum. Claremont began his collaboration with artist John Byrne in the following issue.<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 181: "When 'new' X-Men co-creator Dave Cockrum left the series, John Byrne took over as penciler and co-plotter. In his first issue, Byrne and writer Chris Claremont wound up the Shi'ar story arc."</ref>

During his 17 years as ''X-Men'' writer, Claremont wrote or co-wrote many classic X-Men stories, such as "[[The Dark Phoenix Saga]]"<ref>[[Tom DeFalco|DeFalco, Tom]] "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 196: "In January [1980] a nine-part story began that changed the X-Men forever...Claremont proposed a story that would show how Jean Grey – one of the original members of the X-Men – had become corrupted by her new Phoenix power."</ref> and "[[Days of Future Past]]".<ref name=DeFalco200>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 200: "The Sentinels ruled the earth in an alternate reality...''The Uncanny X-Men'' #141 also introduced Rachel Summers, the daughter of Scott Summers and Jean Grey, who was born in the 'Days of Future Past' timeline."</ref> Comics writers and historians Roy Thomas and [[Peter Sanderson]] observed that "'The Dark Phoenix Saga' is to Claremont and Byrne what the '[[Galactus Trilogy]]' is to Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. It is a landmark in Marvel history, showcasing its creators' work at the height of their abilities."<ref>{{cite book|last= Thomas|first= Roy|author-link= Roy Thomas|author2=Sanderson, Peter|title= The Marvel Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the World of Marvel|publisher= [[Running Press]]|year= 2007|location= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|page= 136|isbn= 978-0-7624-2844-1}}</ref> Comics historian [[Les Daniels]] noted that "The controversial story created a sensation and ''The X-Men'' became the comic book to watch."<ref>{{cite book|last= Daniels|first= Les|author-link= Les Daniels|title= Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics|chapter= The Marvel Universe (1978–1990)|publisher= [[Abrams Books|Harry N. Abrams]]|year= 1991|location= New York City|page= 186|isbn= 978-0-8109-3821-2}}</ref> In 2010, [[Comics Bulletin]] ranked Claremont and Byrne's run on ''The X-Men'' second on its list of the "Top 10 1970s Marvels".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://comicsbulletin.com/top-10-1970s-marvels/ |title=Top 10 1970s Marvels |first=Jason |last=Sacks |date=September 6, 2010 |publisher=[[Comics Bulletin]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801070005/http://www.comicsbulletin.com/columns/447/top-10-1970s-marvels |archive-date=August 1, 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=August 3, 2013 }}</ref> Claremont and artist [[Frank Miller]] crafted a ''[[Wolverine (comic book)|Wolverine]]'' limited series in 1982.<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 208: "The most popular member of the X-Men was finally featured in his first solo title, a four-issue limited series by writer Chris Claremont and writer/artist Frank Miller."</ref> With artist [[Walt Simonson]], Claremont produced ''[[The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans]]'' in 1982, an [[intercompany crossover]] between the top-selling Marvel and DC titles.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Manning|first1= Matthew K.|last2=Dolan|first2=Hannah, ed.|chapter= 1980s|title= DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|year=2010|location= London, United Kingdom |isbn= 978-0-7566-6742-9 |page= 199|quote= The issue, written by longtime ''X-Men'' scribe Chris Claremont and drawn by Walter Simonson [was]...one of the most well-received crossovers of its time – or of any time for that matter – the team-up was a huge success.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last= Brown|first= Jonathan|title= The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans: The Breakfast Club of the Comics Crossover|journal= [[Back Issue!]]|issue= 66|page= 68|publisher= [[TwoMorrows Publishing]]|date= August 2013|location= Raleigh, North Carolina}}</ref> The [[New Mutants]] were introduced by Claremont and [[Bob McLeod (comics)|Bob McLeod]] in ''[[Marvel Graphic Novel]]'' #4 (Dec. 1982)<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 209: "Writer Chris Claremont proposed ''The New Mutants''  and artist Bob McLeod was brought in to design the characters."</ref> and received their own ongoing series soon after. The second [[X2 (film)|X-Men film]] was loosely based on his 1982 ''X-Men'' graphic novel ''[[X-Men: God Loves, Man Kills|God Loves, Man Kills]].''<ref>{{cite magazine|url= http://www.ew.com/article/2003/05/02/ew-tracks-evolution-x2|title= The NeXt Level|first= Scott|last= Brown|date= May 2, 2003|magazine= [[Entertainment Weekly]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131002102341/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0%2C%2C449160%2C00.html|archive-date= October 2, 2013|url-status= live|access-date= February 18, 2008}}</ref>

Besides his work on ''X-Men'' and its spinoffs, Claremont wrote ''[[Marvel Team-Up]]'',<ref>{{cite book|last1= Manning|first1= Matthew K.|last2= Gilbert|first2= Laura, ed.|chapter= 1970s|title= Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging|publisher= [[Dorling Kindersley]]|year= 2012|location= London, United Kingdom|page= 95|isbn= 978-0-7566-9236-0}}</ref> ''[[Spider-Woman (Jessica Drew)|Spider-Woman]]''<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 185: "Later writers in the fifty-issue run of this series included Chris Claremont, a specialist in portraying self-reliant heroines."</ref> and ''[[Carol Danvers|Ms. Marvel]]''<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 186: "Ms. Marvel's...series was in the hands of Chris Claremont...and Dave Cockrum, a master of imaginative costume design."</ref> during this time. He and artist [[John Bolton (illustrator)|John Bolton]] created the [[Marada (comics)|Marada the She-Wolf]] character in 1981.<ref>{{cite journal|last= Catron|first= Michael|author-link= Michael Catron|title= Red Sonja/Marada Tale Yanked from ''Bizarre Adventures''|journal= [[Amazing Heroes]]|issue= 3|page= 16|publisher= [[Fantagraphics Books]]|date= August 1981|location= Stamford, Connecticut<!--location in 1981-->}}</ref> Claremont's stories for ''Marvel Team-Up'' included the cast of [[NBC]]'s ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' appearing in issue #74 (Oct. 1978)<ref>{{cite journal|last= Aushenker|first= Michael|title= That ''Other'' Spider-Man Title...''Marvel Team-Up'' Offered an Alternative Spidey Experience|journal= Back Issue!|issue= 66|pages= 15–22|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing|date= August 2013|location= Raleigh, North Carolina}}</ref><ref>Manning "1970s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 104: "The web-slinger found himself sharing the stage with a cast who had dressed as super-heroes to attack the [Silver] Samurai's gang in this quirky tale written by Chris Claremont and penciled by Bob Hall."</ref> and the introduction of [[Karma (comics)|Karma]], a character that later joined the [[New Mutants]], in #100 (Dec. 1980).<ref>Manning "1980s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 117: "1980 was a year for anniversary issues, and this centennial effort by writer Chris Claremont and artist Frank Miller was one of them...Future New Mutant Karma also made her debut."</ref> Claremont helped launch the ''[[Marvel Fanfare]]'' title in March 1982.<ref>Manning "1980s" in Gilbert (2012), p. 126: "The debut issue featured the inspired pairing of writer Chris Claremont and artist Michael Golden as they teamed up two other fan-favorites, the X-Men's Angel and Spider-Man."</ref>

Claremont co-created numerous other important female X-Men characters, including [[Rogue (comics)|Rogue]],<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 203: "[Rogue's] first published appearance occurred in ''The Avengers Annual'' #10 by Chris Claremont and Michael Golden."</ref> [[Betsy Braddock]],<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 177</ref> [[Mariko Yashida]],<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 188: "In this issue [#118], by Chris Claremont and John Byrne, the X-Men arrived in Japan, where Wolverine met and fell in love with a shy, quiet woman named Mariko Yashida."</ref> [[Kitty Pryde]]/Shadowcat, [[Phoenix Force (comics)|Phoenix]], [[Mystique (comics)|Mystique]], [[Lady Mastermind]], [[Emma Frost]], [[Siryn]], [[Rachel Summers]],<ref name=DeFalco200/> [[Madelyne Pryor]],<ref name=DeFalco>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008)</ref>{{rp|211}} and [[Jubilee (comics)|Jubilee]].<ref name=DeFalco/>{{rp|241}} He co-created such notable male characters as [[Sabretooth (character)|Sabretooth]], [[Pyro (Marvel Comics)|Pyro]], [[Avalanche (comics)|Avalanche]], [[Strong Guy]], [[Captain Britain]],<ref>Sanderson "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 176: "British-born writer Chris Claremont and artist Herb Trimpe created a new super hero specifically for Marvel's readers in the United Kingdom."</ref> [[Forge (comics)|Forge]],<ref name=DeFalco/>{{rp|218}} [[Mister Sinister]], and [[Gambit (Marvel Comics)|Gambit]].

Claremont launched various ''X-Men'' spin-offs, beginning with ''The New Mutants'' in 1982. The spinoffs ''[[Excalibur (comics)|Excalibur]]''<ref>DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 233: "[Claremont and artist Alan Davis] produced ''Excalibur Special Edition'', a graphic novel about a team of superheroes based in England."</ref> and ''Wolverine'',<ref name=DeFalco/>{{rp|239}} initially written by Claremont, followed in 1987 and 1988, respectively. ''X-Men'' crossover stories written by Claremont during the latter half of his tenure on the series include "[[Mutant Massacre]]",<ref name=DeFalco/>{{rp|228}} "[[Fall of the Mutants]]",<ref name=DeFalco/>{{rp|236}} and "[[X-Tinction Agenda]]".<ref>Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 251</ref> In 1991, Marvel launched a second ''X-Men'' title simply called ''[[X-Men: Legacy|X-Men]]'' with Claremont and penciler [[Jim Lee]] as co-writers.<ref>Manning "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 255: "It was a matter of simple addition. Take Chris Claremont, the writer who had made ''The Uncanny X-Men'' the continual hit that it was, and add Jim Lee, the artist who had reinvigorated the title's popularity in recent months...The sum of all these parts was ''X-Men'' #1, the best selling comic book in the history of the medium, selling well over eight million copies."</ref> ''X-Men'' #1 is still the bestselling comic book of all-time, with sales of over 8.1 million copies (and nearly $7 million), according to ''[[Guinness World Records]]'', which presented honors to Claremont at the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://marvel.com/news/story/13598/sdcc_2010_marvel_breaks_world_record|title= SDCC 2010: Marvel Breaks World Record|first= Ben|last= Morse|date= August 10, 2010|publisher= Marvel Comics|access-date= December 1, 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101125174656/http://marvel.com/news/story/13598/sdcc_2010_marvel_breaks_world_record|archive-date= November 25, 2010|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/07/22/x-men-1-the-guinness-world-record-best-selling-comic-of-all-time/|title= ''X-Men'' #1 The Guinness World Record Best Selling Comic Of All Time?|author=Johnston, Rich|author-link=Johnston, Rich|date= July 22, 2010|publisher= [[Bleeding Cool]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131016033714/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2010/07/22/x-men-1-the-guinness-world-record-best-selling-comic-of-all-time/|archive-date= October 16, 2013|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>Cantor, Michael (Producer); [[Schreiber, Liev]] (Narrator) ''Superheroes: A Never-Ending Battle''. [[PBS]]. October 15, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last= Glenday|editor-first= Craig|editor-link= Craig Glenday|title= [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Records 2013]]|publisher= [[Jim Pattison Group]]|year= 2013|page= [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781904994879/page/212 212]|isbn= 978-1-904994-87-9}}</ref> The sales figures were generated in part by publishing the issue with four different variant covers which showed different characters from the book (and later a fifth [[gatefold]] cover that combined all four), large numbers of which were purchased by retailers, who anticipated fans and speculators who would buy multiple copies in order to acquire a complete collection of the covers.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://blog.comichron.com/2010/11/x-men-1-one-piece-and-world-records.html|title= ''X-Men'' #1, One Piece, and world records|first= John Jackson|last= Miller|date= November 16, 2010|publisher= The Comichron|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131016084723/http://blog.comichron.com/2010/11/x-men-1-one-piece-and-world-records.html|archive-date= October 16, 2013|url-status= live}}</ref> Claremont left the series after the first three-issue story arc, due to clashes with editor Bob Harras.<ref name=NewYorkMag/>

====1992–present====
The 1990s saw Claremont diversify his comics work, as he wrote for other publishers, and wrote his own creator-owned properties. In December 1991, he sent artist [[Whilce Portacio]] a proposal to illustrate Claremont's project, ''The Huntsman'', as a creator-owned project, and when the then-new comics publisher [[Image Comics]] was announced in 1992, Claremont was named as one of its founders. However, the project was canceled when Portacio decided instead to do ''[[Wetworks (comics)|Wetworks]]''. Claremont attempted to find other artist for the series, but all those in whom he was interested were either drawing ''X-Men'' or had their own projects with Image, and thus he did not become one of Image's founders.<ref name="ReturnWrite">{{cite news | last= O'Neill | first= Patrick Daniel | date= June 1993 | title= Claremont Returns With the Write Stuff | work= Wizard| issue= 22 | pages= 28–35}}</ref> In 1992 he wrote the graphic novel ''[[Star Trek (DC Comics)|Star Trek]]: Debt of Honor'', which was illustrated by [[Adam Hughes]]. [[Stan Lee]] interviewed Claremont for episode 7 of the 1991–92 documentary series ''[[The Comic Book Greats]].''<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/8llwQ6Yt4j8 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20171010072753/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8llwQ6Yt4j8&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8llwQ6Yt4j8|title=The Comic Book Greats Chris Claremont|website=YouTube.com|date=March 13, 2016 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

In 1993, he began writing the 12-issue miniseries ''[[Aliens/Predator: Deadliest of the Species]]'' for [[Dark Horse Comics]], which was completed in 1995. That year saw a decline in his comics output, however, as he turned his focus to writing novels, citing frustration with how the comics industry had become dominated by artists and editors.<ref name="ReturnWrite"/> In 1994, he wrote issues #10–13 of Jim Lee and [[Brandon Choi]]'s series, ''[[Wildcats (comics)|WildC.A.T.s]]'' at Image Comics, in which he finally introduced his creator-owned character, Huntsman.<ref name="TCJ">{{cite journal|title= Bye Bye Marvel; Here Comes Image: Portacio, Claremont, Liefeld, Jim Lee Join McFarlane's New Imprint at Malibu|journal= [[The Comics Journal]]|issue= 148|pages= 11–12|publisher= Fantagraphics Books|date= February 1992|location= Seattle, Washington}}</ref>

In 1995, Claremont began writing his creator-owned series, ''[[Sovereign Seven]]'', which was published by [[DC Comics]], running for 36 issues until 1998.

In 1998, Claremont returned to Marvel as editorial director and the regular writer of ''[[Fantastic Four (comic book)|Fantastic Four]]'', where he created [[Valeria Richards]]. The book was pencilled by artist [[Salvador Larrocca]] and inked by [[Art Thibert]] for the entirety of his duration on the series. Claremont's run on ''Fantastic Four'' would last for 29 issues and 2 annuals, making it his longest tenure on a title outside of the X-Men.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://comicbookroundup.com/comic-books/writer-artist/chris-claremont | title=Chris Claremont Comic Book Reviews }}</ref> Despite outselling books such as ''[[Amazing Spider-Man]]'' and ''[[Batman]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.comichron.com/monthlycomicssales/2000/2000-06.html | title=Comichron: June 2000 Comic Book Sales to Comics Shops }}</ref> Claremont was fired by editor [[Bobbie Chase]] in early 2000, a decision that he was angered by.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQrb_ZhIgJs&t=5324s | title=Chris Claremont Talks Comics with Cartoonist Kayfabe! | website=[[YouTube]] | date=May 24, 2020 }}</ref> Claremont also wrote ''The Fantastic 4th Voyage of Sinbad'' in 2001, a one shot starring the Fantastic Four on an adventure with [[Sinbad the Sailor]]. The comic was pencilled [[Pascual Ferry]].

In 2000, as part of the company's "[[Revolution (2000 comic book)|Revolution]]" event, he wrote ''Uncanny X-Men'' and ''X-Men'' until he moved to ''[[X-Treme X-Men]]'', again working with penciller Salvador Larroca. He returned to ''Uncanny X-Men'' again for a two-year run starting in 2004, while teaming up with his former ''Excalibur'' collaborator and artist, [[Alan Davis]].

In 2004, Claremont was co-writer on ''[[JLA (comics)|JLA]]'' issues #94–99, the "Tenth Circle" story arc for [[DC Comics]], which reunited him with his former ''Uncanny X-Men'' artist [[John Byrne (comics)|John Byrne]], with [[Jerry Ordway]] as inker.

In 2007, Claremont returned to ''New Excalibur'', writing a story arc in which the character [[Nocturne (Talia Wagner)|Nocturne]] has a stroke. He has completed his first arc on ''Exiles,'' adding [[Betsy Braddock]] to the team.

In 2008 Claremont wrote the miniseries ''[[GeNEXT]]'', followed by its 2009 sequel, ''GeNext: United''. He was the writer of an ''[[X-Men Forever]]'' series<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.newsarama.com/2139-nycc-09-claremont-and-the-x-men-with-a-twist.html|title= NYCC '09: Claremont and the X-Men: With a Twist|first= Steve|last= Ekstrom|date= February 6, 2009|work= [[Newsarama]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130630082945/http://www.newsarama.com/2139-nycc-09-claremont-and-the-x-men-with-a-twist.html|archive-date= June 30, 2013|url-status= live}}</ref> which was set in an [[Parallel universe (fiction)|alternate universe]], and focuses on the present day lives of the X-Men in a reality where Magneto never returned following the destruction of [[Asteroid M]] in ''X-Men'' #3 (December 1991). In 2010, Claremont collaborated with Italian comics artist [[Milo Manara]] on ''X-Women''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=25606|title= Claremont Unveils ''X-Women''|first= Kiel|last= Phegley|date= April 7, 2010|website= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120722072657/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=25606|archive-date= July 22, 2012|url-status= live|access-date= November 30, 2013}}</ref>

As of 2014 Claremont was under an exclusive contract for Marvel. In April of that year, Marvel launched a ''[[Nightcrawler (character)|Nightcrawler]]'' series with Claremont as writer, which he finished in March 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bleedingcool.com/2014/01/14/chris-claremont-and-todd-nauck-on-new-nightcrawler-comic/|title= Chris Claremont And Todd Nauck On New Nightcrawler Comic?|first= Rich|last= Johnston|date= January 14, 2014|publisher= Bleeding Cool|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000748/https://www.bleedingcool.com/2014/01/14/chris-claremont-and-todd-nauck-on-new-nightcrawler-comic/|archive-date= March 4, 2016|url-status= live|df= mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cbr.com/nightcrawler-1/|title= ''Nightcrawler'' #1|first= Meagan|last= Damore|date= April 9, 2014|website= Comic Book Resources|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170907011450/http://www.cbr.com/nightcrawler-1/|archive-date= September 7, 2017|url-status= live|df= mdy-all}}</ref> He re-united with his former ''New Mutants'' artist [[Bill Sienkiewicz]] for the oneshot ''New Mutants: War Children'' in 2019.

====Writing style====
[[File:10.16.11ChrisClaremontByLuigiNovi9.jpg|thumb|Claremont being interviewed on breaking into the comics industry at the 2011 New York Comic Con]]
According to writer/editor [[Paul Levitz]], Claremont's complex story structures "played a pivotal role in assembling the audience that enabled American comics to move to more mature and sophisticated storytelling, and the graphic novel."<ref name=PublishersWeekly/> Claremont's editor on the series, [[Louise Simonson]], attributes the X-Men's success to his approach to the characters: "Chris took them very seriously. They were real people to him."<ref name="PoorDoug"/>

As the writer of ''X-Men'', Claremont became known for certain characteristic phrases, such as Wolverine's saying, "I'm the best there is at what I do. And what I do...isn't very nice", which became closely associated with the character.<ref name="racmxFAQ8">{{cite web |url= http://www.peterdavid.net/2009/05/01/the-best-there-is-at-what-he-doesand-what-he-does-is-set-up-other-movies/|title= The Best There Is At What He Does…and What He Does is Set Up Other Movies|first= Peter|last= David|author-link= Peter David|date= May 1, 2009|publisher= PeterDavid.net|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130704012108/http://www.peterdavid.net/2009/05/01/the-best-there-is-at-what-he-doesand-what-he-does-is-set-up-other-movies/|archive-date= July 4, 2013|url-status= live}}</ref>

A 2009 ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]'' article called Claremont the "[[soap opera|soapiest]] writer in comic books.... The classic Claremont pose is either a character, head hung in shame with two enormous rivers of tears running down the cheeks as he or she delivers a self-loathing monologue, or a character with head thrown back and mouth open in a shout of rage, shaking tiny fists at heaven and vowing that the whole world will soon learn about his or her feelings." However, the article goes to state that "the genius of Chris Claremont was that he made mutants a generic stand-in for all minorities".<ref>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2009/04/i_heart_wolverine.html|title= I Heart Wolverine|first= Grady|last= Hendrix|date= April 30, 2009|magazine= [[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130724125035/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/culturebox/2009/04/i_heart_wolverine.html|archive-date= July 24, 2013|url-status= live}}</ref> "I'm an immigrant," said Claremont in 2014, describing his affinity with outsiders. After arriving in the United States from England, he was beaten up "because I looked like a geek." His emphasis on the theme of prejudice resonated with readers as the ''X-Men'' series rose in popularity.<ref name=Hiatt/>

===Novels and acting===
In 1987 Claremont began writing genre novels. His first was a science fiction trilogy about female USAF pilot/astronaut Nicole Shea, consisting of ''[[First Flight (novel)|First Flight]]'' (1987), ''Grounded!'' (1991), and ''Sundowner'' (1994). Claremont co-wrote the ''[[Chronicles of the Shadow War]]'' trilogy, ''[[Shadow Moon (novel)|Shadow Moon]]'' (1995), ''[[Shadow Dawn (novel)|Shadow Dawn]]'' (1996), and ''[[Shadow Star (novel)|Shadow Star]]'' (1999), with [[George Lucas]], which continued the story of Elora Danan from the movie'' [[Willow (1988 film)|Willow]]''. Claremont was a contributor to the ''[[Wild Cards]]'' anthology series.

Claremont made a cameo appearance in the opening scene of the 2006 film ''[[X-Men: The Last Stand]]'', for which he is credited as "Lawnmower man". He made a cameo appearance as a Congressional committee member alongside fellow comic book writer [[Len Wein]] in an early scene in the 2014 film ''[[X-Men: Days of Future Past]]''.

===Charity work===
[[File:3.24.12ComicNewYorkByLuigiNovi14.jpg|thumb|Claremont at the Comic New York symposium at [[Columbia University]] on March 24, 2012]]
In December 2010 Claremont appeared at a book signing at [[Borders (retailer)|Borders]] at [[Penn Plaza]] in Manhattan as part of a series of events nationwide to commemorate [[World AIDS Day]], with 25% of the proceeds of books sold at the event donated to Lifebeat, a nonprofit organization that educates young people on [[HIV]]/AIDS prevention.<ref name=CBRAIDS/>

In July 2011 Claremont signed a deed of gift to [[Columbia University]]'s [[Rare Book & Manuscript Library]], donating his archives of all his major writing projects over the previous 40 years to the Library's nascent comics archives collection, forming the foundation of a research collection focusing on New York City-based cartoonists and comics writers. Following the examination and processing of the materials, which include notebooks, correspondence, early story drafts, plays, novels, comic books and materials from Claremont's early training in the theater and his career as an actor, Claremont's archive will be housed at the [[Rare Book & Manuscript Library]] in [[Butler Library]], separate from the graphic novels collection, and will be open to anyone who demonstrates a need for its use, with a Finding Aid being made available online. Claremont's longtime editor [[Louise Simonson]] said, "his papers will provide many clues, not only to the evolving way comic books are created and presented, but also how they are perceived, licensed, bought and sold in America and around the world."<ref name=PublishersWeekly/>

A symposium called Comic New York was held March 24–25, 2012 at Columbia University's [[Low Memorial Library]] to mark the occasion, which was organized by Graphic Novels Librarian Karen Green, Professor Jeremy Dauber, and editor [[Danny Fingeroth]].<ref name=PublishersWeekly/> A discussion between Claremont and Simonson held in recognition of Claremont's gift was the keynote event of the symposium, which focused on the intertwined histories of American comics and New York City, which has served both as a breeding ground for creators and the home of the Big Two publishers, Marvel and DC.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://conferences.cdrs.columbia.edu/comicny/|title= Comic New York: A Symposium|date= March 24–25, 2012|publisher= [[Columbia University]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131201020927/http://conferences.cdrs.columbia.edu/comicny/|archive-date=December 1, 2013 |url-status= live|access-date= March 29, 2012}}</ref> Signings and panel discussions with other creators, scholars and academics of the comics medium were held during the two-day event. Among the other creators in attendance were [[Paul Levitz]], [[Al Jaffee]], [[Peter Kuper]], [[Denis Kitchen]], [[Molly Crabapple]], [[John Romita Sr.|John Romita]], [[John Romita Jr.]], [[Irwin Hasen]], [[Miss Lasko-Gross]] and [[Dean Haspiel]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://conferences.cdrs.columbia.edu/comicny/?page_id=9|title= Panelist Bios|year= 2012|publisher= [[Columbia University Libraries]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130121120034/http://conferences.cdrs.columbia.edu/comicny/?page_id=9|archive-date= January 21, 2013|url-status= live|access-date= March 29, 2012}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In the mid-1970s, Claremont was married to Bonnie Wilford.<ref name=Bonniedoom>{{cite web |url= http://nypress.com/the-doom-that-came-to-chelsea/|title= The Doom that Came to Chelsea|first= Alan|last= Cabal|date= June 10, 2003|newspaper=[[New York Press]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131015035410/http://nypress.com/the-doom-that-came-to-chelsea/|archive-date= October 15, 2013|url-status= live|quote= Chris was her third husband}}</ref> Following the dissolution of that marriage, he married Beth Fleisher,<ref name=PublishersWeekly/> with whom Claremont co-authored ''Dragon Moon''.  Fleisher is the cousin (through marriage) of editor [[Dan Raspler]], who was the editor on ''[[JLA (comic book)|JLA]]'' during the six-issue "Tenth Circle" story arc Claremont and John Byrne wrote in 2004.<ref>{{cite book|last= Claremont|first= Chris|chapter= Introduction|title= Modern Masters Volume 6: Arthur Adams|publisher= TwoMorrows Publishing|year= 2006|location= Raleigh, North Carolina|page= 5|isbn= 978-1-893905-54-2}}</ref> Claremont and Fleisher have twin sons.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.peterdavid.net/2012/09/21/the-most-awards-1997/|title= The Most Awards 1997|first= Peter|last= David|author-link= Peter David|date= September 21, 2012|publisher= PeterDavid.net|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131031173623/http://www.peterdavid.net/2012/09/21/the-most-awards-1997/|archive-date= October 31, 2013|url-status= live}} Originally published in ''[[Comics Buyer's Guide]]'' #1261 (January 16, 1998)</ref>

==Awards==
{{expand section|date=May 2020}}
* 1980 [[Inkpot Award]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php|title= Inkpot Award Winners |publisher= Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055558/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/inkpot.php|archive-date= July 9, 2012|url-status= live}}</ref>
* 1992 ''Comics Buyer's Guide'' Fan Award for Favorite Graphic Novel or Album for ''Star Trek: Debt of Honor''<ref>{{cite magazine |url= http://www.cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/cbg-fan-award-winners-1982-present|title= CBG Fan Award winners 1982–present|first= John Jackson|last= Miller|author-link= John Jackson Miller|date= June 9, 2005|location= Iola, Wisconsin
|magazine= [[Comics Buyer's Guide]]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130925092523/http://www.cbgxtra.com/knowledge-base/for-your-reference/cbg-fan-award-winners-1982-present|archive-date= September 25, 2013|url-status= live}}</ref>
* 1979 [[Eagle Award (comics)|Eagle Award]] for Best Comicbook Writer (US)<ref name="Eagle1979">{{cite web|url=http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1979/ |title=Previous Winners 1979 |year=2013 |publisher=[[Eagle Award (comics)|Eagle Awards]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060235/http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1979/ |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=November 30, 2013 }}</ref>
* 1979 Eagle Award for Favourite Single Story – ''X-Men'' #111 – "Mindgames" with [[John Byrne (comics)|John Byrne]]<ref name="Eagle1979"/>
* 1979 Eagle Award for Favourite Comicbook – ''X-Men''<ref name="Eagle1979"/>
* 1979 Eagle Award for Favourite Group or Team – X-Men<ref name="Eagle1979"/>
* 1980 Eagle Award for Favourite Comicbook Writer<ref name="Eagle1980">{{cite web|url=http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1980/ |title=Previous Winners 1980 |year=2013 |publisher=Eagle Awards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023124342/http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1980/ |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=November 30, 2013 }}</ref>
* 1980 Eagle Award for Favourite Continued Comic Story – ''X-Men'' #125–128 with John Byrne<ref name="Eagle1980"/>
* 1980 Eagle Award for Favourite Comicbook – ''X-Men''<ref name="Eagle1980"/>
* 1980 Eagle Award for Favourite Team – X-Men<ref name="Eagle1980"/>
* 1984 Eagle Award for Favourite Group or Team (US) – X-Men<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1984/|title= Previous Winners 1984|year= 2013|publisher= Eagle Awards|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131023105244/http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1984/|archive-date= October 23, 2013|url-status= dead|access-date= November 30, 2013}}</ref>
* 1986 Eagle Award for Favourite Group or Team (US) – X-Men<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1986/|title= Previous Winners 1986|year= 2013|publisher= Eagle Awards|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131023114740/http://www.eagleawards.co.uk/category/previous-winners/1986/|archive-date= October 23, 2013|url-status= dead|access-date= November 30, 2013}}</ref>
* Charles Flint Kellogg Award in Arts and Letters from [[Bard College]]<ref name=Bard/>

==Bibliography==
{{Main|Chris Claremont bibliography}}

==See also==
* ''[[Comics in Focus: Chris Claremont's X-Men]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Secondary literature bibliography===
* Deman, J. Andrew (2023). ''The Claremont Run: Subverting Gender in the X-Men''. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-3075-3.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official}}
* {{comicbookdb|type=creator|id=249|title=Chris Claremont}}
* {{IMDb name|1079208|Chris Claremont}}
* {{isfdb name|id=Chris_Claremont|name=Chris Claremont}}
* [https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_9052094 "Chris Claremont papers, 1973–2018"]. [[Columbia University Libraries]]. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

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{{s-ttl|title=''[[New Mutants]]'' writer|years=1983–1987}}
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{{s-ttl|title=''[[X-Men: Legacy|X-Men]]'' vol. 2 writer|years=1991}}
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{{s-ttl|title=''Wolverine'' writer|years=1998}}
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{{s-ttl|title=''[[Fantastic Four (comic book)|Fantastic Four]]'' writer|years= 1998–2000}}
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{{s-ttl|title=''Uncanny X-Men'' writer|years=2000–2001}}
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{{s-ttl|title=''X-Men'' vol. 2 writer|years=2000–2001}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Chuck Austen]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=''Uncanny X-Men'' writer|years=2004–2006}}
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{{Chris Claremont}}
{{Inkpot Award 1980s}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Claremont, Chris}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:American comics writers]]
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[[Category:Inkpot Award winners]]
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[[Category:English male novelists]]