Editing Christmas by medium

{{Short description|Christmas represented in different media}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2024}}
[[Christmas]] themes have long been an inspiration to artists and writers. A prominent aspect of [[Christian media]], the topic first appeared [[Christmas in literature|in literature]] and [[Christmas music|in music]]. [[Filmmaker]]s have picked up on this wealth of material, with both adaptations of [[List of Christmas novels|Christmas novels]], in the forms of [[List of Christmas films|Christmas films]], [[Santa Claus in film|Santa Claus films]], and [[List of Christmas television specials|Christmas television specials]].

It also includes animation, comics, and children's books, including ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'', ''[[How the Grinch Stole Christmas!]]'', and ''[[Frosty the Snowman (TV special)|Frosty the Snowman]]''.

==Films==
{{See|List of Christmas films|Christian film industry|Santa Claus in film}}
[[File:It's A Wonderful Life.jpg|thumb|[[Donna Reed]], [[Jimmy Stewart]], and [[Karolyn Grimes]] in the 1946 American film ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'']] 
Many Christmas stories have been [[List of Christmas films|adapted to movies]] and [[TV specials]], and have been broadcast and repeated many times on TV. Since the popularization of home video in the 1980s, their many editions are sold and re-sold every year during the holiday shopping season. Notable examples are the many versions of the ballet ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', the 1946 film ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'', and the similarly themed versions of Dickens' ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'', in which the elderly miser [[Ebenezer Scrooge]] is visited by ghosts and learns the errors of his ways. By contrast, the hero of the former, [[George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)|George Bailey]], is a businessman who sacrificed his dreams to help his community. On Christmas Eve, [[Clarence Odbody|a guardian angel]] finds him in despair and prevents him from committing suicide, by supernaturally showing him how much he meant to the world around him.

A few films based on fictionalized versions of true stories have become Christmas specials themselves. The story behind the Christmas carol "[[Silent Night (song)|Silent Night]]" and the story of "[[Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus]]" are two examples.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0063220/|title=The Legend of Silent Night|date=25 December 1968|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0392925/|title=Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus|date=6 December 1974|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>

Films revolving around the [[Nativity of Jesus|Nativity story of Christmas]] are regularly produced such as ''[[The Nativity Story]]'' (2006), ''[[The Star (2017 film)|The Star]]'' (2017), and ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' (1965).<ref name="Tsiao2021">{{cite web |last1=Tsiao |first1=Emily |title=Five Christmas Movies (and TV Specials) Actually About Christ |url=https://www.pluggedin.com/blog/five-christmas-movies-and-tv-specials-actually-about-christ/ |publisher=Plugged In |access-date=26 December 2024 |language=English |date=21 December 2021}}</ref> Sometimes, family films and classics boasting special effects and/or uplifting messages, but having no real relation to Christmas, are telecast during the season as part of the holiday programming. ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]'', for instance, was always telecast during the Christmas season between 1959 and 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thewizardofoz.info/wiki/The_Movie_-_The_Legend |title=The Movie - The Legend - OzWiki |publisher=Thewizardofoz.info |access-date=2014-04-06}}</ref> The action film ''[[Die Hard]]'' is seen by some as a Christmas film, as it takes place on the holiday, and is often viewed during the season,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/features/30-best-christmas-movies/p30|title=The 30 Best Christmas Movies Ever|publisher=Empireonline.com|access-date=2011-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120055157/http://www.empireonline.com/features/30-best-christmas-movies/p30#|archive-date=2012-01-20|url-status=live}}</ref> although whether or not ''Die Hard'' should be considered a Christmas film has been debated due to its story not being about the holiday itself. Others in this category include ''[[Iron Man 3]]'', ''[[Lethal Weapon]]'', ''[[Batman Returns]]'', ''[[Eyes Wide Shut]]'', ''[[Female Trouble]]'', ''[[Shazam! (film)|Shazam!]]''  and ''[[Doctor Zhivago (film)|Doctor Zhivago]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/item/4729e8ae-ca0b-4d4a-a43a-36e29cc33296|title=People are claiming Die Hard is a Christmas film and it's tearing the internet apart|first=Tomasz|last=Frymorgen|date=28 November 2017|website=BBC Three|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224010346/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/item/4729e8ae-ca0b-4d4a-a43a-36e29cc33296#|archive-date=2017-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/die-hard-is-the-best-christmas-film-top-films-to-watch-holiday-poll-list-not-a8092761.html|title=Die Hard is officially not a Christmas film|website=[[Independent.co.uk]] |date=5 December 2017|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224145713/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/die-hard-is-the-best-christmas-film-top-films-to-watch-holiday-poll-list-not-a8092761.html#|archive-date=2017-12-24|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nerdist.com/die-hard-christmas-movie/|title=Does DIE HARD Really Qualify as a Christmas Movie? - Nerdist|date=12 December 2017|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223030626/https://nerdist.com/die-hard-christmas-movie/#|archive-date=2017-12-23|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/die-hard-christmas-movie-debate-calgary-eyeopener-1.4450305|title=Why Die Hard is the ultimate Christmas movie — despite naysayers|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226162909/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/die-hard-christmas-movie-debate-calgary-eyeopener-1.4450305#|archive-date=2017-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tom-ward/why-die-hard-is-the-best-christmas-movie-of-all-time_b_2339117.html|title=Why Die Hard Is the Best Christmas Movie of All Time|date=24 December 2012|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014838/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tom-ward/why-die-hard-is-the-best-christmas-movie-of-all-time_b_2339117.html#|archive-date=2017-12-17|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the [[United Kingdom]], during the 2000s [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] usually showed a [[List of James Bond films|James Bond]] and/or a [[Harry Potter (film series)|''Harry Potter'']] film(s) during the Christmas Holidays whilst the [[BBC]] showed the [[The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)|''Chronicles of Narnia'']] and/or ''[[High School Musical]]'' films. And for many years [[Channel 5 (UK)|Channel 5]] have shown American/Canadian made-for-TV Christmas films during the weeks before Christmas.

In North America, the holiday movie season often includes release of studios' most prestigious pictures, in an effort both to capture holiday crowds and to position themselves for [[Academy Awards|Oscar]] consideration. Next to summer, this is the second-most lucrative season for the industry. In fact, a few films each year open on the actual Christmas Day holiday. Christmas movies generally open no later than Thanksgiving, as their themes are not so popular once the season is over. Likewise, the [[home video]] release of these films is typically delayed until the beginning of the next year's Christmas season.

American Christmas-themed films are also broadcast on the [[Hallmark Channel]] and its companion channel [[Hallmark Movies & Mysteries]], which during the holiday season generally feature new films along with reruns of favorites from prior years.  Actresses [[Candace Cameron Bure]], [[Lacey Chabert]], and [[Danica McKellar]], along with actor [[Niall Matter]], are frequently featured in lead or major roles.  The films themselves generally feature a similar theme of a person who has "lost the Christmas spirit" and through "Christmas magic" regains it (commonly by a romantic encounter; frequently one of the two in the romance is a single parent or has lost someone special around a prior Christmas season).  Another theme plays on the "big city-small town" dynamic, whereby a lead character has either left a small hometown for the big city (and has had to return), or a big city person has to go to a small town, in either case deciding that the small town is where they should remain.  A main character will also have a Christmas-sounding name (such as "Holly") and/or the small town will (such as "Christmas Valley").

The settings are usually in the northern United States, or in a mountain area (such as Colorado), where snow (and the ensuing "White Christmas") are used as a backdrop for the film (though the films themselves are often filmed in British Columbia due to favorable film tax benefits).

As of 2020 ''[[The Grinch (film)|The Grinch]]'' is the [[List of highest-grossing Christmas films|highest grossing Christmas film]] of all time. ''[[Green Book (film)|Green Book]]'' was the last movie with a Christmas setting to win the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]].

==Television specials and episodes==
{{see|List of Christmas television specials}}

Before 1962, when ''[[Mr. Magoo's Christmas Carol]]'' premiered, true Christmas specials made for TV were either adaptations of stories such as ''A Christmas Carol'' (with live actors), or the Nativity Story, or episodes of variety shows highlighting Christmas music. They were often hosted by such celebrities as [[Perry Como]], [[Jane Wyatt]], or [[Florence Henderson]]. (A notable exception was ''[[The Spirit of Christmas (TV program)|The Spirit of Christmas]]'' in 1950, which, although featuring an appearance by [[Alexander Scourby]], who also narrated, starred the Mabel Beaton Marionettes.)

This all changed once variety shows began dying out in the late 1980s and Rankin-Bass began producing more and more Christmas specials.

One notable television special usually seen at Christmas was ''[[Amahl and the Night Visitors]]'', commissioned by [[NBC]] and telecast annually in the U.S. from 1951 to 1966. It was the first opera written especially for television. Composed by [[Gian-Carlo Menotti]] with a libretto in English by the composer, the opera told of a disabled beggar boy living with his (presumably) widowed mother in the Holy Land. They are visited by the Three Wise Men who are on their way to see the Christ Child, and when Amahl offers his crutch as a gift, he is miraculously cured. In 1978, it returned to television, with less success.

===United Kingdom===
{{see|List of Christmas television episodes and specials in the United Kingdom}}

TV programmes which have had special Christmas episodes in the [[United Kingdom]] include ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' (from 1960s-2006), ''[[Morecambe and Wise]]'' (1970s), ''[[The Two Ronnies]]'' (1980s), ''[[Stars in Their Eyes]]'', ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]'' (both 1990s), and more recently, ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]'' (both 2000s), ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' (2010s), ''[[The Repair Shop]]'' and ''[[The Masked Singer (British TV series)|The Masked Singer]]'' (both 2020s).

The 1982 animated tale ''[[The Snowman]]'' has been screened for many years during the Christmas period (usually Christmas Eve or Christmas Day), and the 1991 short animated film, ''[[Father Christmas (1991 film)|Father Christmas]]'', by the same artist and company, is usually broadcast around the same time.{{citation needed|date=January 2015}}

Adaptations of novels from [[Charles Dickens]] are also common around Christmas time.  Along with ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'' (the most popular due to its Christmas season setting, and the message portrayed), these also include ''[[Bleak House (2005 TV serial)|Bleak House]]'' (2005), ''[[Oliver Twist (2007 TV miniseries)|Oliver Twist]]'' (2007) and ''[[Great Expectations (2011 TV serial)|Great Expectations]]'' (2011), among others. These adaptations usually feature [[all-star]] casts.

Christmas Day begins at 12 at night with the showing of [[Mass (Catholic Church)#Time of celebration of Mass|Midnight Mass]] on the [[BBC]]. In addition, the monarch annually broadcasts a [[Royal Christmas Message|10-minute speech]] on Christmas Day at 3 p.m. Many long-running British [[soap opera]]s have Christmas specials, usually involving a dramatic storyline developed over several weeks which culminates at Christmas. Often these stories are tragic, involving a death, divorce, a dramatic revelation or similar event.

Most Christmas specials in the UK are specially commissioned separately to a [[production season]], and many are extended from the usual episode length.  For example, [[Voyage of the Damned (Doctor Who)|the 2007 ''Doctor Who'' Christmas special]] was 71 minutes as opposed to the standard 45 minutes, was broadcast six months after the third series had finished and four months before the fourth series started. UK Christmas specials may or may not feature the holiday itself as part of the narrative.

While the season receives almost universal acknowledgement on British TV, some channels and programmes have tried "alternative" or "anti-Christmas" ideas. One example is [[Channel 4]] which has run an [[Alternative Christmas message]] since 1993. In 2009, two movie channels renamed themselves for the season; [[Sky Movies|Sky Movies Screen 2]] became ''Sky Movies Christmas Channel'' and [[Movies 24]] became ''Christmas 24''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/oct/15/sky-movies-christmas-channel|title=Sky Movies lines up Christmas Channel|date=15 October 2009|work=The Guardian |location=UK  | first=John | last=Plunkett | access-date=19 November 2012}}</ref> From 2010, changes to Sky Movies line-up meant that Sky Movies Showcase was used for Sky Movies Christmas Channel. On 16 November 2012, two music channels renamed themselves; [[Bliss (TV channel)|Bliss]] became ''Blissmas'' and [[Greatest Hits TV]] was rebranded as ''Christmas Hits TV''.

===United States===
{{See|List of United States Christmas television specials|List of United States Christmas television episodes}}

In the United States, many television series (particularly those of a family-oriented nature) produce a Christmas episode, although seldom outside of a season's production block. Stand-alone Christmas specials are also popular, from newly created animated shorts and movies to repeats of those that were popular in previous years, such as ''[[Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)|Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer]]'' and ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]''. Some local affiliates provide the ''[[Yule Log (TV program)|Yule Log]],'' a block of time either on Christmas morning or both during the evening hours of Christmas Eve and Christmas morning showing footage of a fireplace, coupled with popular Christmas music. Some local affiliates that provide the ''Yule Log'' simulcast Christmas music from a radio station playing it.

Every [[Christmas Day]], [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (since 1996) airs a [[Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade|Christmas parade at Walt Disney World Resort]] and along with its sister cable network, [[ESPN]] (since they jointly acquired broadcast rights to the league in 2002), [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] [[National Basketball Association Christmas games|games]] featuring some of the league's best teams and players, broadcasting a doubleheader (or as many as five games between the two networks in certain years);<ref name=Lakers/><ref name=NBA/>  the NBA's Christmas Day games are notable as they historically serve as the league's first game telecasts on over-the-air network television each season. [[NBC]] airs the [[Midnight Mass|Vatican Midnight Mass service]] at [[St. Peter's Basilica]] on Christmas Eve night (having broadcast the service annually since 1972, typically in place of the network's regular late-night programming), and usually airs an ice skating special (often on the weekend prior to or of the holiday).<ref name=Lakers>{{cite news|title=Christmas Tradition|newspaper=The Riverside (Ca.) Press-Enterprise|date=December 24, 2009|page=B1|first=Jeff|last=Eisenberg}}</ref><ref name=NBA>{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/2009/news/features/john_schuhmann/12/17/numbers.christmas/index.html|title=Knicks, Kobe and more part of Christmas Day lore|date=December 17, 2009|access-date=December 27, 2010|first=John|last=Schuhmann|work=NBA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202114508/http://www.nba.com/2009/news/features/john_schuhmann/12/17/numbers.christmas/index.html|archive-date=December 2, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/2009/news/features/art_garcia/12/13/christmas.history/index.html|title=Christmas Day clashes bring back fond memories|date=December 21, 2009|access-date=December 27, 2010|first=Art|last=Garcia|work=NBA.com}}</ref>  Additionally, [[CBS]] usually airs [[college basketball]] games the day after Christmas while NBC airs a [[Premier League]] [[soccer]] match that same day.

Christmas specials based on [[classical music]] have also been well received. Among them, in addition to the previously mentioned ''Amahl and the Night Visitors'', have been the many telecasts of the ballet ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', and [[concert]] specials featuring musicians such as the [[Boston Pops]], the [[Mormon Tabernacle Choir]], the [[Cincinnati Pops]], and the [[Atlanta Symphony Orchestra]] and Chorus.

==Radio==
{{See|Christmas music}}

Many radio stations begin to add [[Christmas music]] to their rotation in late November, and often switch to all-Christmas programming for December 25. Some do for part of or all of December 24 as well. A few stations switch to all-Christmas music for the entire season (some beginning as early as mid-November); in Detroit, 100.3 [[WNIC]] in 2005 started Christmas music day and night on midnight of October 31 because programmers believed that at least some listeners who are attracted by the Christmas music will remain loyal listeners when the station reverts to its standard [[radio format|format]] on [[Boxing Day]]. Radio stations also broadcast traditional Western art music, such as the "Hallelujah" chorus from [[Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''. Among other pieces inspired by Christmas are [[Tchaikovsky]]'s ballet ''[[The Nutcracker]]'' and the popular [[suite (music)|suite]] drawn from it, and [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s "[[Christmas Oratorio]]" (BWV 248). Some radio stations play Christmas music commercial-free the entire day on Christmas Day, with only interruptions for Christmas messages from station personnel and personnel from the station's parent company. Others, like 96.5 [[KOIT]] in San Francisco do on both part of or all of Christmas Eve and the entire day Christmas Day. Frequently, the first song played on an "all-Christmas" station is the popular tune ''[[It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas]]''.

The [[Music Choice]] channels have over the past few years have begun playing Christmas music as early as the beginning of November, instead of waiting till after Thanksgiving.

The UK music industry features the battle of the bands and artists to make it to the Christmas No. 1 spot, recognised on the first Sunday before, or on, Christmas Day. Many of these songs are festive, while others are novelty songs that remain but briefly at the top of the chart. Gospel singer [[Cliff Richard]] is a fixture of Christmas charts, appearing nearly every year, and subsequently being mocked for doing so. In more recent years the Christmas chart has been dominated by the winner of ''[[The X Factor (UK)|The X Factor]]'' and various social media backed records aimed to hijack the charts.

As with television, British radio programmes also schedule Christmas specials. These mainly include comedy shows such as ''[[I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue]]'' and ''[[The Now Show]]''.

==Literature==
{{main|Christmas in literature}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Christmas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christmas By Medium}}
[[Category:Bible in popular culture]]
[[Category:Christmas art]]