Editing Christopher Soames

{{Short description|British politician (1920–1987)}}
{{use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name                = The Lord Soames
| honorific-suffix    = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCMG|GCVO|CH|CBE|PC}}
| image               = Christopher Soames (cropped).jpg
| alt                 = Soames, 45, in a monochrome photograph
| caption             = Soames in 1966
| office              = [[Governor of Southern Rhodesia]]
| monarch             = [[Elizabeth II]]
| term_start          = 11 December 1979
| term_end            = 18 April 1980
| predecessor         = [[Humphrey Gibbs]]{{efn|[[Humphrey Gibbs]]' position as governor was abolished by the government of [[Rhodesia]] in 1965, but the abolition was unrecognised and Gibbs still legally held office until 1969}}<BR><small>as [[Governor of Southern Rhodesia]]</small><BR>[[Josiah Zion Gumede]]{{efn|[[Josiah Zion Gumede]] was head of state of the internationally unrecognised government of [[Zimbabwe Rhodesia]], which was formed following the [[Internal Settlement]] of 1978}}<BR><small>as [[President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]</small>
| successor           = [[Canaan Banana]]<BR><small>as [[President of Zimbabwe]]</small>
| office1             = [[Vice-President of the European Commission]]
| president1          = [[François-Xavier Ortoli]]
| term_start1         = 6 January 1973
| term_end1           = 5 January 1977
| office2             = [[European Commissioner for External&nbsp;Relations]]
| president2          = François-Xavier Ortoli
| term_start2         = 6 January 1973
| term_end2           = 5 January 1977
| predecessor2        = [[Jean-François Deniau]]
| successor2          = [[Wilhelm Haferkamp]]
| ambassador_from3    = Her Majesty's
| country3            = France
| term_start3         = September 1968
| term_end3           = 27 October 1972
| predecessor3        = [[Patrick Reilly]]
| successor3          = [[Edward Tomkins]]
{{collapsed infobox section begin |cont=yes |Ministerial offices
 |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office              = {{enum|[[Leader of the House of Lords]]|[[Lord&nbsp;President of the Council]]}}
| primeminister       = [[Margaret Thatcher]]
| term_start          = 5 May 1979
| term_end            = 14 September 1981
| predecessor         = {{ubl|[[Fred Peart, Baron Peart|The Lord Peart]] (Lords)|[[Michael Foot]] (Council)}}
| successor           = {{ubl|[[Janet Young, Baroness Young|The Baroness Young]] (Lords)|[[Francis Pym]] (Council)}}
| office1             = [[Shadow Foreign Secretary]]
| leader1             = [[Edward Heath]]
| term_start1         = 4 August 1965
| term_end1           = 13 April 1966
| predecessor1        = [[Reginald Maudling]]
| successor1          = [[Alec Douglas-Home]]
| office2             = [[Shadow Secretary of State for Defence]]
| leader2             = [[Alec Douglas-Home]]
| term_start2         = 16 February 1965
| term_end2           = 4 August 1965
| predecessor2        = [[Peter Thorneycroft]]
| successor2          = [[Enoch Powell]]
| office3             = [[Shadow Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food]]
| leader3             = [[Alec Douglas-Home]]
| term_start3         = 16 October 1964
| term_end3           = 16 February 1965
| predecessor3        = [[Fred Peart, Baron Peart|Fred Peart]]
| successor3          = [[Martin Redmayne, Baron Redmayne|Martin Redmayne]]
| office4             = [[Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food]]
| primeminister4      = {{ubl|[[Harold Macmillan]]|Alec Douglas-Home}}
| term_start4         = 27 July 1960
| term_end4           = 16 October 1964
| predecessor4        = [[John Hare, 1st Viscount Blakenham|John Hare]]
| successor4          = [[Fred Peart, Baron Peart|Fred Peart]]
| office5             = [[Secretary of State for War]]
| primeminister5      = Harold Macmillan
| term_start5         = 6 January 1958
| term_end5           = 27 July 1960
| predecessor5        = John Hare
| successor5          = [[John Profumo]]
| office6             = [[Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to&nbsp;the Admiralty]]
| primeminister6      = Harold Macmillan
| term_start6         = 9 January 1957
| term_end6           = 6 January 1958
| predecessor6        = [[George Ward, 1st Viscount Ward of Witley|George Ward]]
| successor6          = [[Robert Allan, Baron Allan of Kilmahew|Robert Allan]]
| office7             = [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for&nbsp;Air]]
| primeminister7      = [[Anthony Eden]]
| term_start7         = 6 April 1955
| term_end7           = 9 January 1957
| predecessor7        = George Ward
| successor7          = [[Ian Orr-Ewing, Baron Orr-Ewing|Ian Orr-Ewing]]
{{collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
{{collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |Parliamentary offices
 |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office              = [[Member of the House of Lords]]
| status              = [[Lords Temporal|Lord Temporal]]
| term_label          = [[Life peer]]age
| term_start          = 19 April 1978
| term_end            = 16 September 1987
| parliament1         = United Kingdom
| constituency_MP1    = Bedford
| term_start1         = 23 February 1950
| term_end1           = 10 March 1966
| predecessor1        = [[Thomas Skeffington-Lodge]]
| successor1          = [[Brian Parkyn]]
{{collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
| birth_name          = Arthur Christopher John Soames
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1920|10|12|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Penn, Buckinghamshire]], England
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1987|9|16|1920|10|12|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Odiham]], [[Hampshire]], England
| resting_place       = [[St Martin's Church, Bladon]]
| party               = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Mary Soames|Mary Churchill]]|1947}}
| relatives           = [[Winston Churchill]] (father‑in‑law)
| children            = 5, including [[Nicholas Soames|Nicholas]], [[Emma Soames|Emma]] and [[Rupert Soames|Rupert]]
| parents             = [[Arthur Granville Soames]] (father)
| education           = [[Eton College]]
| alma_mater          = [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
}}
[[File:May Churchill, Bestanddeelnr 902-0428.jpg|thumb|upright|Christopher and Mary Soames in [[Lenzerheide]], February 1947]]
'''Arthur Christopher John Soames, Baron Soames''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=small|commas=on|GCMG|GCVO|CH|CBE|PC}} (12 October 1920 – 16 September 1987) was a [[British Conservative]] politician who served as a [[European Commissioner]] and the last [[Governor of Southern Rhodesia]]. He was previously [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Bedford (UK Parliament constituency)|Bedford]] from 1950 to 1966. He held several government posts and attained Cabinet rank.

== Early life and education ==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2021}}
Soames was born in [[Penn, Buckinghamshire]], England, the son of Captain [[Arthur Granville Soames]] (the brother of [[Olave Baden-Powell]], World Chief Guide, both descendants of a brewing family who had joined the [[landed gentry]]) by his marriage to Hope Mary Woodbine Parish.<ref name = ODNB/> His parents divorced while he was a boy, and his mother married her second husband<!-- In 1934. --> [[Charles Rhys, 8th Baron Dynevor|Charles Rhys]] (later <!-- From 1956. -->8th [[Baron Dynevor]]), by whom she had further children including [[Richard Rhys, 9th Baron Dynevor]].

Soames was educated at [[West Downs School]], [[Eton College]], and the [[RMC Sandhurst|Royal Military College]] at Sandhurst.<ref name="janus">{{cite web|title=The Papers of Baron Soames|url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1845|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004225257/https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1845 |archive-date=4 October 2021 |access-date=10 November 2014|publisher=Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge}}</ref>  He obtained a [[Commission (document)|commission]] as an officer in the [[Coldstream Guards]] just before [[World War II]] broke out.  During the war, he served in France, Italy, and North Africa and was awarded the French [[Croix de Guerre]] for his actions at the [[Second Battle of El Alamein]] in 1942.<ref>{{cite news |title=Britain's Man for Rhodesia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e9koAQAAMAAJ&q=%22christopher%20soames%22%20 |access-date=16 June 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=13 December 1979 |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108141504/https://www.google.com/books/edition/AF_Press_Clips/e9koAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22christopher+soames%22+ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Political career ==
After military service during the Second World War, Soames served as the Assistant Military [[Attaché]] in Paris.<ref name = ODNB/> He was the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP for [[Bedford (UK Parliament constituency)|Bedford]] from 1950 to 1966 and served under [[Anthony Eden]] as [[Under-Secretary of State for Air]] from 1955 to 1957 and under [[Harold Macmillan]] as [[Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty]] from 1957 to 1958.<ref name = ODNB/> In the [[1955 Birthday Honours]], he was invested as [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=40497 |date=9 June 1955 |page=3269  |supp=y}}</ref>

In 1958 he was sworn of the [[Privy Council (United Kingdom)|Privy Council]]. He served under Macmillan as [[Secretary of State for War]] (outside the Cabinet) from 1958 to 1960 and then in the cabinets of Macmillan and his successor [[Alec Douglas-Home]] as [[Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food]] from July 1960 to 1964. Home had promised to promote him to [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] if the Conservatives won the [[1964 United Kingdom general election|1964 general election]], but they did not.{{sfn|Jago|2015|p=401}}

Between 1965 and 1966, Soames was [[Shadow Foreign Secretary]] under [[Edward Heath]]. He lost his seat in Parliament in the [[1966 United Kingdom general election|1966 election]]. In 1968 [[Harold Wilson]] appointed him [[British Ambassador to France|Ambassador to France]],<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=1 |issue=44723 |date=26 November 1968 |page=12676}}</ref> where he served until 1972.<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=1 |issue=45876 |date=11 January 1973 |page=480  |supp=y}}</ref> During his tenure as ambassador, he was involved in the February 1969 "Soames affair", following a private meeting between Soames and French president [[Charles de Gaulle]], the latter offering bilateral talks concerning a partnership for Britain in a larger and looser [[European integration|European union]], the talks not involving other members. The British government eventually refused the offer, and that for a time strained [[Franco-British relations]]. He was then a [[Vice-President of the European Commission]] from 1973 to 1976.<ref>{{cite web |title=A.Ch.J. (Christopher) Soames |url=https://www.europa-nu.nl/id/vi2jgo6rxozx/a_ch_j_christopher_soames |website=europa-nu.nl |access-date=20 March 2021 |language=nl |archive-date=12 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112180130/https://www.europa-nu.nl/id/vi2jgo6rxozx/a_ch_j_christopher_soames |url-status=live }}</ref> He was considered as a potential challenger to Edward Heath in the [[1975 Conservative Party leadership election]]. The eventual winner [[Margaret Thatcher]] would have withdrawn if he had stood.{{sfn|Campbell|2010|pages=318-319}}  He was created a [[life peer]] on 19 April 1978 as Baron Soames, of [[Fletching, East Sussex|Fletching in the County of East Sussex]].<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=1 |issue=47519 |date=24 April 1978 |page=4731}}</ref>

He served as the interim [[governor of Southern Rhodesia]] from 1979 to 1980, charged with administering the terms of the [[Lancaster House Agreement]] and overseeing its  transition to internationally recognised independence as [[Zimbabwe]] in 1980. From 1979 to 1981, he was [[Lord President of the Council]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]] under Margaret Thatcher, concurrent with his duties in [[Southern Rhodesia]].<ref name=ODNB/>

== Outside politics ==
Soames served as president of the [[Royal Agricultural Society of England]] in 1973, was a non-executive director of [[Rothschild & Co|N.M. Rothschild and Sons Ltd]] 1977–1979, and a director of the [[Nat West Bank]] 1978–1979.{{sfn|Mosley|1982|page=1435}}

== Personal life ==
Lord Soames married [[Mary Churchill]], the youngest child of [[Winston Churchill|Winston]] and [[Clementine Churchill]], on 11 February 1947. They had five children:

{{flowlist|
* [[Arthur Nicholas Winston Soames|Arthur Nicholas Winston Soames, Baron Soames of Fletching]] (b. 12 February 1948), Member of House of Lords, former Conservative MP and [[Shadow Secretary of State for Defence]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/116/career|title=Lord Soames of Fletching |website=MPs and Lords |publisher=UK Parliament |access-date=28 October 2022}}</ref>
* [[Emma Soames|Emma Mary Soames]] (b. 6 September 1949), editor of ''[[Saga plc|Saga]]'' magazine;
* Jeremy Bernard Soames (b. 25 May 1952);
* Charlotte Clementine Soames, Countess Peel (b. 17 July 1954), married to [[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]], former [[Lord Chamberlain]];
* [[Rupert Christopher Soames]] (b. 18 May 1959).{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
}}

[[File:Bladon, Oxfordshire - St Martin's Church - churchyard, grave of Prime Minister Churchill's daughters.jpg|thumb|upright|Christopher and Mary Soames' grave at [[St Martin's Church, Bladon]], in 2015]]

Lord Soames died from cancer at his home in [[Odiham]] on 16 September 1987.<ref name = ODNB/> His ashes were buried within the Churchill plot at [[St Martin's Church, Bladon]], near [[Woodstock, Oxfordshire]].{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

== Honours ==
In date order:

* [[Croix de Guerre 1939–1945]] (France) – 1942{{sfn|Mosley|1982|page=1435}}
* [[Order of the British Empire|Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)]] (Civil division) – 1955{{sfn|Mosley|1982|page=1435}}
* [[Order of St Michael and St George|Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG)]] – 1972<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=1 |issue=45713 |date=27 June 1972 |page=7689}}</ref>
* [[Royal Victorian Order|Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)]] – 1972<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=1 |issue=45554 |date=1 January 1972 |page=4  |supp=y}}</ref>
* [[Legion of Honour|Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour]] (France) – 1972<ref name=janus />
* [[Robert Schuman Prize]] – 1976{{sfn|Mosley|1982|page=1435}}
* [[Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour]] (CH) – 1980<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=1 |issue=48212 |date=14 June 1980 |page=5  |supp=y}}</ref>

== Arms ==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = [[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|centre|150px]][[File:Soames Escutcheon.png|centre|200px]]
|escutcheon = Gules a chevron Or between in chief two mallets erect of the second and in base two wings conjoined in lure Argent.
|crest = In front of a rising sun Proper upon a lure Gules feathered Argent fesswise a falcon belled Or.
|motto = Vilius Virtutibus Aurum<ref>{{cite book|title=Debrett's Peerage |date=1985}}{{incomplete short citation|date=March 2021}}</ref>}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=ODNB>{{cite ODNB
  | id          = 39861
  | title       = Soames, (Arthur) Christopher John, Baron Soames (1920–1987), politician
  | first       = Robin
  | last        = Renwick
  | author-link = Robin Renwick, Baron Renwick of Clifton
  | origyear    = 2004
  | date        = 17 September 2015
}}</ref>
}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin|22em}}
* {{Cite book
  | last       = Campbell
  | first      = John
  | url        = https://archive.org/details/pistolsatdawntwo0000camp/13960/t6wx5mm07
  | title      = Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown
  | date       = 2010
  | publisher  = Vintage
  | isbn       = 978-1-84595-091-0
  | location   = London
  | url-access = registration
  | oclc       = 489636152
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last      = Jago
  | first     = Michael
  | title     = Rab Butler: The Best Prime Minister We Never Had?
  | publisher = Biteback
  | year      = 2015
  | isbn      = 978-1-84954-920-2
  | location  = London
  }}
* {{cite book
  | editor-last  = Mosley
  | editor-first = Nicholas
  | editor-link  = Nicholas Mosley
  | title        = Debrett's Handbook 1982: Distinguished People in British Life
  | year         = 1982
  | publisher    = Debrett's Peerage Limited
  | location     = London
  | isbn         = 978-0-905649-38-2
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last      = Sanderson
  | first     = Claire
  | title     = Perfide Albion ? L'affaire Soames et les arcanes de la diplomatie britannique
  | language  = fr
  | location  = Paris
  | publisher = Publications de la Sorbonn
  | year      = 2011
  | isbn      = 978-2-85944-665-9
  }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Hansard-contribs | mr-christopher-soames|Christopher Soames}}
* {{NPG name}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000815232857/http://www.time.com/time/europe/timetrails/zimbabwe/zi042880.html Time:Festive Birth of a Nation (Zimbabwe)]
* [http://www.maximiliangenealogy.co.uk/maximilia/pafg346.htm#22769 Maximilian Genealogy Master Database 2000]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Soames, Christopher}}
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