Editing Chuck Baldwin

{{short description|American politician (born 1952)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name        = Chuck Baldwin
|image       = CBaldwin08.jpg
|caption     = Baldwin's official 2008 election portrait
|birthname   = Charles Obadiah Baldwin
|birth_date  = {{birth date and age|1952|5|3}}
|birth_place = [[La Porte, Indiana]], U.S.
|death_date  =
|death_place =
|party       = [[American Independent Party]] (2015–present) 
|otherparty  = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1980–2000;<br />2011–2015)<br />[[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution]] (2000–2011)<br />[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 1980)
|spouse      = {{marriage|Connie Kay Cole|1973}} 
|children    = 3
|alma_mater  = [[Liberty University]]<br />[[Christian Bible College]]
|website     = {{URL|chuckbaldwinlive.com|Official website}}
}}

'''Charles Obadiah Baldwin''' (born May 3, 1952) is an American [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] politician, [[radio host]], and founder-former [[Independent Baptist]] pastor of Crossroad Baptist Church in [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]], Florida.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McLaughlin |first1=Kathleen |title=How 'Dr. Annie' is dividing the Flathead |url=https://montanafreepress.org/2020/05/07/how-dr-annie-is-dividing-the-flathead/ |publisher=Montana Free Press |access-date=10 June 2020 |date=7 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511085435/https://montanafreepress.org/2020/05/07/how-dr-annie-is-dividing-the-flathead |archive-date=May 11, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2024 he is leading pastor of Liberty Fellowship in [[Kalispell, Montana|Kalispell]], Montana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberty Fellowship with Dr. Chuck Baldwin in Kalispell, Montana > About Us > Pastor Chuck Baldwin |url=https://libertyfellowshipmt.com/AboutUs/PastorChuckBaldwin.aspx |access-date=2024-09-11 |website=Liberty Fellowship with Dr. Chuck Baldwin in Kalispell, Montana |language=en-US}}</ref> He was the presidential nominee of the [[Constitution Party (United States)|Constitution Party]] for the [[2008 United States presidential election|2008 U.S. presidential election]] and had previously been its nominee for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] in 2004. He hosts a daily one-hour radio program, ''Chuck Baldwin Live'', and writes a daily editorial column carried on its website, as well as on [[VDARE|VDare]].<ref name="SPLC">{{cite web |title=Chuck Baldwin |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/chuck-baldwin |access-date=10 June 2020 |publisher=The Southern Poverty Law Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908021848/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/chuck-baldwin |archive-date=September 8, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> He is a former editor of NewsWithViews.com.

As a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] member, Baldwin was state chairman of the Florida [[Moral Majority]] in the 1980s. However, during the 2000 campaign of Republican [[George W. Bush]] for U.S. president, Baldwin left the party and began a long period of criticism of Bush. Baldwin endorsed U.S. Representative [[Ron Paul]] for the 2008 Republican nomination for president, and Paul in turn endorsed Baldwin for the presidency in the 2008 general election. He identifies as an anti-Zionist, believing that [[Zionism]] is the main threat to the U.S. He writes that Zionists control the media, "the mainstream Christian religion, and the U.S. government" and that Zionism is responsible for the ills of U.S. society and culture.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3630/Zionism-Not-Islam-Is-Americas-Biggest-Threat.aspx|title=Columns > Zionism, Not Islam, Is America's Biggest Threat|website=chuckbaldwinlive.com|date=July 27, 2017|access-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731091845/https://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3630/Zionism-Not-Islam-Is-Americas-Biggest-Threat.aspx|archive-date=July 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] identifies Baldwin as part of the [[Anti-statism|antigovernment]] movement.<ref name="SPLC" />

==Family and education==
Baldwin was born in [[La Porte, Indiana]] on May 3, 1952, to Edwin J. "Ed" Baldwin and his second wife, Ruth. Baldwin graduated from La Porte High School in 1971 and attended [[Midwestern Baptist College]] in [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]], Michigan, for two years. He met Connie Kay Cole there and married her on June 2, 1973.<ref name=cpt>{{cite web |url=http://www.cptexas.org/sketch.html|title=Dr. Chuck Baldwin: A Biographical Sketch|publisher=[[Taxpayers Party|Constitution Party]] of [[Texas]]|access-date=2008-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725040444/http://www.cptexas.org/sketch.html |archive-date=July 25, 2008}}</ref> Though he originally had planned on a career in law enforcement, Baldwin felt called to evangelistic ministry;<ref name=bt/> he moved to [[Southern United States|the South]],<ref name=me/> and enrolled in, and graduated with a Bible diploma from, the Thomas Road Bible Institute (now the Liberty Bible Institute at [[Liberty University]]).<ref name="Flathead Beacon 2010">{{cite web | title='Freedom-Minded Spirit' Draws Baldwin to Flathead | website=Flathead Beacon | date=2010-09-15 | url=https://flatheadbeacon.com/2010/09/15/freedom-minded-spirit-draws-baldwin-to-flathead/ | access-date=2022-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514111011/https://flatheadbeacon.com/2010/09/15/freedom-minded-spirit-draws-baldwin-to-flathead |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> He received unaccredited bachelor's and master's degrees in theology through correspondence programs from [[Christian Bible College]] of [[Rocky Mount, North Carolina|Rocky Mount]], North Carolina.

==Ministry==
On June 22, 1975, Chuck and Connie Baldwin and four other individuals held the first meeting of what would become the Crossroad Baptist Church in Pensacola, Florida; Baldwin was the founding pastor. According to the SPLC, "He preached an anti-abortion, anti-gay, fundamentalist gospel, and the church grew rapidly. It became a Christian evangelical Mecca, complete with a mock graveyard that honored aborted fetuses."<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/> By 1985, the church had gone through repeated building programs and been recognized by President [[Ronald Reagan]] for its unusual growth and influence.<ref name=cpt/>

==Political activity==
Prior to joining the Republican Party in 1980, Baldwin had been a registered Democrat, like his father.<ref name=me/> From 1980 to 1984, Baldwin served as Pensacola chairman and then state executive director of the Florida Moral Majority, organized by the Rev. [[Jerry Falwell]].<ref name=cpt/> Baldwin helped carry the state twice for Reagan electors; he says he helped Falwell register some 50,000 Christian conservative voters.<ref name=b1207/> Baldwin's father, Ed, a lifelong Democrat, expressed grudging admiration for what he saw as Reagan's honesty and courage.<ref name=bt>{{cite web|url=http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/baldwin/080229|publisher=[[Renew America]]|author=Baldwin, Chuck|date=2008-02-29|access-date=2008-10-20|title=A tribute to my dad|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919080725/http://www.renewamerica.com/columns/baldwin/080229|archive-date=September 19, 2011|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In August 1994, Baldwin had a call-in radio show on the [[Christian Patriot Network]].<ref name=adl/>

In 2000, however, Baldwin left the Republican Party on grounds that the [[Bush–Cheney ticket]] was too liberal.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/> He saw the two main parties as “two peas in the same pod”.<ref name="Flathead Beacon 2010"/> Baldwin has said that many evangelical minds, similarly to ministers in [[Nazi Germany]], had seemingly given [[George W. Bush]] "the aura of an American [[Fuhrer]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin281.htm|author=Baldwin, Chuck|title=Are We Witnessing the Rise of the Fourth Reich?|publisher=NewsWithViews.com|date=2006-02-07|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112025438/http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin281.htm|archive-date=2008-11-12|url-status=live}}</ref> He considered himself an [[independent politician|independent]] affiliated with the Constitution Party.<ref name=me/>

At about this time, Baldwin began hosting a local daily one-hour current-events radio program, "Chuck Baldwin Live", which continues today nationwide on the [[Genesis Communications Network]]. He wrote a semiweekly editorial column carried on its website, chuckbaldwinlive.com, and in several newspapers. He has also appeared on numerous television shows and radio shows, including on [[MSNBC]] and [[CNN]],<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/> and in churches across the country. He was the keynote speaker for the 50th anniversary of [[Normandy landings|D-Day]] at [[Naval Air Station Pensacola]].<ref name=cpt/> He also appeared on “[[The Political Cesspool]],” a white nationalist radio program.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/> His columns are archived on [[VDARE]].com, a far right website<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/> and he has contributed to the antisemitic [[American Free Press]] website.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2017 AFP">{{cite web | title=Family Research Council's anti-SPLC campaign is promoting an anti-Semitic publication | website=Southern Poverty Law Center | date=2017-12-06 | url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/12/06/family-research-councils-anti-splc-campaign-promoting-anti-semitic-publication | access-date=2022-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221054505/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/12/06/family-research-councils-anti-splc-campaign-promoting-anti-semitic-publication |archive-date=February 21, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2006, Baldwin said his only organizational memberships were in his church, the Constitution Party, [[Gun Owners of America]], and the [[National Rifle Association of America]].<ref name=me/>

===2004 vice presidential campaign===
In the [[2004 United States presidential election|2004 presidential election]], Baldwin was the running mate of [[Michael Peroutka]] of [[Maryland]] and was the candidate for U.S. vice president on the Constitution Party ticket, the [[Alaskan Independence Party]] ticket, and other tickets and qualified [[Write-in candidate|write-in]] slots in 42 states. The two ran on a platform of "For God, Family, and the Republic". The Peroutka–Baldwin campaign publicly spoke out against [[abortion]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://peroutka2004.com/schedule/index.php?action=itemview&event_id=189 |title=An Abortion Free America by January 2005 |date=2004-05-14 |access-date=2008-10-20 |publisher=[[Peroutka 2004]] |author=Peroutka, Michael A. |author-link=Michael Peroutka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006032446/http://www.peroutka2004.com/schedule/index.php?action=itemview&event_id=189 |archive-date=October 6, 2007 }}</ref> [[women in the military]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://peroutka2004.com/schedule/index.php?action=eventview&event_id=206 |title=A Special Memorial Day Message |date=2004-05-29 |access-date=2008-10-20 |publisher=[[Peroutka 2004]] |author=Peroutka, Michael A. |author-link=Michael Peroutka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023035933/http://www.peroutka2004.com/schedule/index.php?action=eventview&event_id=206 |archive-date=October 23, 2006 }}</ref> and the [[Iraq War]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://peroutka2004.com/schedule/index.php?action=eventview&event_id=32 |title=Terror is Not an Enemy. Terror is the TACTIC of an Enemy! |date=2004-02-02 |access-date=2008-10-20 |publisher=[[Peroutka 2004]] |author=Peroutka, Michael A. |author-link=Michael Peroutka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023040155/http://www.peroutka2004.com/schedule/index.php?action=eventview&event_id=32 |archive-date=October 23, 2006 }}</ref> and emphasized the [[Bible]], traditional family values, and the need for Constitutionally limited government. According to [[Political Research Associates]], "Peroutka’s 2004 failed presidential campaign was well-known for touting conspiratorial claims".<ref name="Political Research Associates 2014"/>

The party{{Which|date=July 2021}} joined with the [[American Independent Party]], the Independent American Party and the Constitution Party to endorse Peroutka–Baldwin as their 2004 presidential ticket.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

Peroutka was also endorsed by many [[Paleoconservatism|paleoconservatives]], the Alaskan Independence Party,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freedomwriter.com/issue29/ak21.htm|publisher=FreedomWriter|title=AIP Elects New Officers: Endorses Constitution Party's Presidential Candidate|author=Chrysom, Mark|date=2004-03-13|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708182317/http://freedomwriter.com/issue29/ak21.htm|archive-date=2008-07-08|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[League of the South]] (accepted by Peroutka at its 2004 national convention), the [[Southern Party]] of Georgia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spofga.org/build/2004/sept/southerners_for_peroutka.phtml|title=Southerners for Peroutka|author=Riley P. Leslie Jr. |publisher=[[Southern Party]] of [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]|date=September 2004|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929001436/http://spofga.org/build/2004/sept/southerners_for_peroutka.phtml|archive-date=2007-09-29|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Samuel T. Francis]],{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} [[Alex Jones]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indybay.org/olduploads/constitution_party_presidential_candidate_michael_anthony_peroutka.mp3|format=MP3|title=Alex Jones interviews Constitution Party presidential candidate Michael Peroutka|author=Jones, Alex|publisher=San Francisco Bay Area Independent Media Center|date=2004-10-22|access-date=2008-10-20|author-link=Alex Jones (radio)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029034906/http://www.indybay.org/olduploads/constitution_party_presidential_candidate_michael_anthony_peroutka.mp3|archive-date=2008-10-29|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Howard Phillips (activist)|Howard Phillips]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amconmag.com/2004_11_08/cover3.html |title=Constitutionally Correct Peroutka |author=Phillips, Howard |date=2004-11-08 |access-date=2008-10-20 |work=[[The American Conservative]] |author-link=Howard Phillips (activist) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515163648/http://www.amconmag.com/2004_11_08/cover3.html |archive-date=2008-05-15 }}</ref> and [[Taki Theodoracopulos]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://amconmag.com/2004_11_08/taki.html |title=The Real Deal |author=Theodoracopulos, Taki |date=2004-11-08 |access-date=2008-10-20 |work=[[The American Conservative]] |author-link=Taki Theodoracopulos |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515163703/http://www.amconmag.com/2004_11_08/taki.html |archive-date=2008-05-15 }}</ref> [[Pat Buchanan]] also stated there was a chance he would vote for Peroutka, counting them as "a Buchananite party",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna5942180|work=[[Hardball with Chris Matthews]]|date=2004-09-07|publisher=[[NBC News]]|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Matthews, Chris|title=Read the complete transcript to Tuesday's show|author-link=Chris Matthews}}</ref> but eventually endorsed Bush.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amconmag.com/2004/2004_11_08/cover.html |title=Coming Home |author=Buchanan, Patrick J. |date=2004-11-08 |access-date=2008-10-20 |work=[[The American Conservative]] |author-link=Pat Buchanan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006150748/http://www.amconmag.com/2004/2004_11_08/cover.html |archive-date=2008-10-06 }}</ref> The ticket came in fifth with 143,630 votes (0.12%)<ref>{{cite web|title=Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives|publisher=[[Federal Election Commission]]|year=2004|access-date=2008-10-20|url=http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2004/federalelections2004.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019013131/http://www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2004/federalelections2004.pdf|archive-date=2008-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref> and spent $728,221,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://herndon1.sdrdc.com/cgi-bin/cancomsrs/?_04+P40003261|title=Peroutka, Michael Anthony|publisher=[[Federal Election Commission]]|year=2004|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031050440/http://herndon1.sdrdc.com/cgi-bin/cancomsrs/?_04+P40003261|archive-date=2017-10-31|url-status=live}}</ref> somewhat less per vote than either George W. Bush or [[John Kerry]]. It was the only third party to increase its share of the vote in 2004.

===2006-2008: Ron Paul and the Black Regiment===
In the Constitution Party's April 2006 national convention in [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], Florida, a heated disaffiliation vote forced members to choose between one of two [[Anti-abortion movements|anti-abortion]] positions. The assembly voted not to disaffiliate the [[Independent American Party of Nevada]] over the more exceptive position of its gubernatorial candidate, Christopher H. Hansen. Baldwin voted in favor of disaffiliation, favoring the more conservative position. Baldwin remained with the party, but several conservative state parties subsequently voted to leave the national party, believing it to have unacceptably compromised the anti-abortion plank of its platform;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thirdpartywatch.com/2006/05/03/statement-from-oregon-cp-chair|title=Statement from Oregon CP Chair ...|publisher=Third Party Watch|author=Franke, David|date=2006-05-03|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919214223/http://thirdpartywatch.com/2006/05/03/statement-from-oregon-cp-chair|archive-date=2008-09-19|url-status=live}}</ref> rump factions have been orchestrated by the national Constitution Party in some of these states.

On August 30, 2007, Baldwin wrote an informal endorsement for Ron Paul for the GOP nomination: "Conservative Republicans have only one choice for president in 2008: Congressman Ron Paul of Texas";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=36384|title=Conservative Republicans Have Only One Choice In 2008|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Haymin, Bill|work=American Chronicle|date=2007-08-30|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212161225/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=36384|archive-date=2007-12-12|url-status=live}}</ref> more formal endorsement of Paul came in a December video.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c84pJ6E7BYg&NR=1|title=Chuck Baldwin Endorses Ron Paul|via=[[YouTube]]|date=2007-12-19|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Baldwin, Chuck|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520234250/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c84pJ6E7BYg&NR=1|archive-date=2015-05-20|url-status=live}}</ref> That same month, Baldwin said:
{{quotation|Unfortunately, it has been the [[Christian right]]'s blind support for President Bush in particular and the Republican Party in general that has precipitated a glaring and perhaps fatal defect: the Christian Right cannot, or will not, honestly face the real danger confronting these United States. . . . On the whole, they fail to understand the issues that are critical to our nation's—and their own—survival. . . . Sadly, this is what the Christian Right just doesn't get: ninety percent of the time, it doesn't matter to a tinker's dam whether a Republican or Democrat wins the White House. . . . All the pro-life, pro-family, traditional-values, conservative talk is just that: talk. Republicans use conservative rhetoric the same way Democrats use liberal rhetoric. Neither party believes what they are telling their constituents. They merely say what constituents want to hear in order to get elected; after which, they set about to do what their elitist, globalist manipulators tell them to do.<ref name=b1207>{{cite web|author=Baldwin, Chuck|url=http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2007/cbarchive_20071207.html|title=Christian Right Just Doesn't Get It|publisher=Chuck Baldwin Live|date=2007-12-07|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927034715/http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2007/cbarchive_20071207.html|archive-date=2008-09-27|url-status=live}}</ref>}}

In April 2007, he launched an appeal for pastors to join the Black Regiment, a network of "spiritual leaders" who support values such as strong borders, resisting abortion and homosexuality, and repudiating George Bush's "unconstitutional" policies. Members decline to register their churches with the [[IRS]] for purposes of federal [[tax exemption]].<ref name="Chuck Baldwin Live">Home 2007">{{cite web | title=Help Me Locate The Black Regiment | website= Chuck Baldwin Live > Home | date=2007-07-24 | url=https://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/149/Help-Me-Locate-The-Black-Regiment.aspx | ref={{sfnref | Chuck Baldwin Live > Home | 2007}} | access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref><ref name="Political Research Associates 2014">{{cite journal | title=Two Neo-Confederate Leaders Join Republican & Democratic Parties to Run For Office | journal=Political Research Associates | date=2014-02-27 | url=https://politicalresearch.org/2014/02/27/two-neo-confederate-leaders-join-republican-democratic-parties-to-run-for-office | access-date=2022-08-11| last1=Clarkson | first1=Frederick }}</ref><ref name="Gilbert 2021">{{cite web | last=Gilbert | first=David | title=These Pastors Are Telling People Trump Is Still President and Are Ready for War | website=VICE | date=2021-10-25 | url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/these-pastors-are-telling-people-trump-is-still-president-and-are-ready-for-war/ | access-date=2022-08-12|quote=The modern-day movement began in 2007, when Chuck Baldwin, a Florida pastor, launched his own version of the Black-Robed Regiment, promising a right-wing return to a fictitious 18th-century world.}}</ref>

===2008 presidential campaign===
{{Main|Chuck Baldwin 2008 presidential campaign}}
[[File:Chuck Baldwin by Gage Skidmore.jpg|right|thumb|Baldwin speaking at an event in Reno, Nevada.]]
Baldwin's vice presidential run, and Peroutka's withdrawal from the national Constitution Party, led to active 2006 speculation that Baldwin would seek the presidential nomination in 2008. Baldwin responded in October that "I have learned to never say never, but I have no desire to run. [It] would require several 'miraculous' signs of reassurance that, frankly, I cannot see happening. However, I am always open to God's will."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conservativepresident2008.blogspot.com/2006/10/rev-chuck-baldwin-on-republican-party.html|title=Rev. Chuck Baldwin on the Republican Party and Possible Run for the White House|publisher=Conservative President 2008|author=Miller, Ben|date=2006-10-06|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813225816/http://conservativepresident2008.blogspot.com/2006/10/rev-chuck-baldwin-on-republican-party.html|archive-date=2011-08-13|url-status=live}}</ref> He repeated this stance through March 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.millerpolitics.com/6/post/2008/03/baldwin-answers-questions.html |publisher=Miller Politics |title=Baldwin Answers Questions |date=2008-03-25 |access-date=2008-10-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628102010/http://www.millerpolitics.com/6/post/2008/03/baldwin-answers-questions.html |archive-date=2008-06-28 }}</ref>

Baldwin announced on April 10, two weeks before the national convention was held in [[Kansas City, Missouri]], that he would make himself available for the party's nomination at the convention, while "not 'running,{{'"}} but continuing to seek God's will.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ballot-access.org/2008/04/10/chuck-baldwin-declares-for-constitution-party-presidential-nomination/|publisher=Ballot Access News|title=Chuck Baldwin Declares for Constitution Party Presidential Nomination|date=2008-04-10|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Winger, Richard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025181955/http://www.ballot-access.org/2008/04/10/chuck-baldwin-declares-for-constitution-party-presidential-nomination/|archive-date=2008-10-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=mp2>{{cite web|url=http://www.millerpolitics.com/6/post/2008/04/baldwin-still-a-number-of-obstacles-in-front-of-my-nomination.html|title=Baldwin: 'Still a number of obstacles in front of my nomination'|publisher=Miller Politics|date=2008-04-17|access-date=2008-10-20}}{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A [[Nolan Chart]] writer conveyed speculation that Baldwin's availability may have been responsive to the sudden candidacy of former ambassador [[Alan Keyes]], who strongly favored the [[Iraq War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nolanchart.com/article3570.html|publisher=[[Nolan Chart]]|author=Dance, George|date=2008-04-25|access-date=2008-10-20|title=Ron Paul supporter Chuck Baldwin runs for President|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920092351/http://www.nolanchart.com/article3570.html|archive-date=2008-09-20|url-status=live}}</ref> Baldwin, a [[Non-interventionism|noninterventionist]], admitted others "have urged me to place my name in nomination".<ref name=mp2 /> In a convention speech, party founder Howard Phillips endorsed Baldwin and controversially referred to Keyes as a [[Neoconservatism|neoconservative]] and a too-recent Republican.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4879860832730250338|title=Howard Phillips endorses Chuck Baldwin at Constitution Party Convention|publisher=[[Taxpayers Party|Constitution Party]]|date=2008-04-26|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Phillips, Howard|author-link=Howard Phillips (activist)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418154840/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4879860832730250338|archive-date=2011-04-18|url-status=live}}</ref>

Baldwin was nominated on April 26, 2008, after what was described as the most contentious battle in the party's 16-year history.<ref name=kcs>{{cite web|url=http://primebuzz.kcstar.com/?q=node/11314|title=Constitution Party stunner: Chuck Baldwin KOs firebrand Alan Keyes|work=[[Kansas City Star]]|date=2008-04-26|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Kraske, Steve|series=Prime Buzz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012105929/http://primebuzz.kcstar.com/?q=node%2F11314|archive-date=2008-10-12|url-status=live}}</ref> He received 383.8 votes, ahead of Keyes, who drew 125.7 votes from delegates;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thirdpartywatch.com/2008/04/26/chuck-baldwin-becomes-the-constitution-party-presidential-nominee/|title=Chuck Baldwin becomes the Constitution Party Presidential Nominee|publisher=Third Party Watch|date=2008-04-26|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Gordon, Stephen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427004733/http://thirdpartywatch.com/2008/04/26/chuck-baldwin-becomes-the-constitution-party-presidential-nominee/|archive-date=2008-04-27|url-status=live}}</ref> Keyes had abandoned the Republicans for the Constitution Party (one month before the Constitution Party convention),<ref name=kcs /> much as Baldwin had done in 2000. Party members such as national chairman Jim Clymer said Baldwin's stands were more in line with party thinking.<ref name=kcs /> Baldwin asked the convention to nominate bankruptcy attorney Darrell Castle of Tennessee as his running mate, and this request was honored.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.stltoday.com/blogzone/political-fix/political-fix/2008/04/at-kc-convention-constitution-party-picks-pastor-for-president/| title=At KC convention, Constitution Party picks pastor for president|work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] Political Fix|date=2008-04-26|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Mannies, Jo |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080530214447/http://www.stltoday.com/blogzone/political-fix/political-fix/2008/04/at-kc-convention-constitution-party-picks-pastor-for-president/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2008-05-30}}</ref>

After Ron Paul withdrew from the Republican campaign in June, he remained neutral about making a presidential endorsement. On September 10, Paul held a [[National Press Club (United States)|National Press Club]] conference at which Baldwin, [[Green Party of the United States|Green Party]] nominee [[Cynthia McKinney]], and independent candidate [[Ralph Nader]] all agreed on four principles—quickly ending the Iraq War, protecting privacy and [[civil liberties]], stopping increases in the [[Government debt|national debt]], and investigating the [[Federal Reserve]]—and on their opposition to the Democratic and Republican parties ignoring these issues.<ref>{{cite web|title=We Agree|url=http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog.php?view=457|date=2008-09-10|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Don Rasmussen|publisher=[[Campaign for Liberty]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023033228/http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog.php?view=457|archive-date=2008-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref> Paul's advice at the conference was to vote for whichever third-party candidate one has the most affinity to, because "we must maximize the total votes of those rejecting the two major candidates."<ref>{{cite web|title=Ron Paul Statement to the National Press Club: The American Majority|url=http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog.php?view=456|date=2008-09-10|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Paul, Ron|publisher=[[Campaign for Liberty]]|author-link=Ron Paul|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022212719/http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog.php?view=456|archive-date=2008-10-22|url-status=live}}</ref> However, on September 22, 2008, Paul stated his neutrality was "due to my respect and friendship and support from both the Constitution and Libertarian Party members ... and I'm a ten-term Republican congressman. It is not against the law to participate in more than one political party." Paul then gave his endorsement to Baldwin: "Unsolicited advice from the Libertarian Party candidate ... has [persuaded] me to reject my neutral stance in the November election. I'm supporting Chuck Baldwin, the Constitution Party candidate."<ref name=paul>{{cite web |url=http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog.php?view=547|title=A New Alliance|author=Paul, Ron|publisher=[[Campaign for Liberty]]|date=2008-09-22|access-date=2008-10-20|author-link=Ron Paul|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212045449/http://www.campaignforliberty.com/blog.php?view=547|archive-date=2008-12-12}}</ref> Paul later clarified that though he would vote for Baldwin, he recognized the diversity of his support base and could not bind anyone's conscience. A former Paul primary backer, Houston [[term limit]]s pioneer [[Clymer Wright]], also contributed to the Baldwin campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.campaignmoney.com/political/contributions/clymer-wright.asp?cycle=08|title=Clymer Wright – $8,500 in Political Contributions 2008|publisher=campaignmoney.com|access-date=January 28, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211182742/http://www.campaignmoney.com/political/contributions/clymer-wright.asp?cycle=08|archive-date=February 11, 2011|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Baldwin wrote specifically against the candidacies of [[Barack Obama]] and [[John McCain]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2008/cbarchive_20080815.html|title=America's Greatest Threat|date=2008-08-15|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Chuck Baldwin Live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918104407/http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2008/cbarchive_20080815.html|archive-date=2008-09-18|url-status=live}}</ref> and those of vice-presidential nominees [[Sarah Palin]] and [[Joe Biden]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2008/cbarchive_20080916.html|title=Sarah Palin's Answers: Very Troubling|date=2008-09-16|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Chuck Baldwin Live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919032125/http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2008/cbarchive_20080916.html|archive-date=2008-09-19|url-status=live}}</ref> In his campaign, he said that the [[September 11 terrorist attacks]] might have been an "inside job," attacked Republicans for not eliminating federal departments, called for closing of the Education and Energy departments of the Federal Government and the [[IRS]] and [[Federal Reserve]], and called for the U.S. to withdraw from the [[United Nations]], "a sinister organization run by Marxists, socialists and communists".<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/>

Baldwin received 199,314 votes, 0.15% of the [[Direct election|popular vote]], putting him in fifth place, while Paul and Peroutka polled 2% in Montana.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/><ref name="Flathead Beacon 2010"/>

===Move to Montana: Liberty Fellowship and the American Redoubt===
In 2010, Baldwin retired from his position as pastor of Crossroad Baptist Church and announced his intention to move with his extended family to Montana, because he believed God had told him that the mountain states were the "tip of the spear in the freedom fight".<ref name="Flathead Beacon 2010"/><ref name="godtoldme">{{cite web|url=http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=2209|title=The Hardest Decision Of My Life|access-date=September 2, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906080119/http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=2209|archive-date=September 6, 2010|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In March 2011, he wrote an article in support of the [[American Redoubt]] strategic relocation movement originated by novelist and blogger [[James Wesley Rawles]]. This plan designates five western states (Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, eastern Oregon, and eastern Washington) as a safe haven for conservative Christians.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin642.htm |title=Chuck Baldwin – The American Redoubt |publisher=Newswithviews.com |date=2011-03-31 |access-date=2015-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409092526/http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin642.htm |archive-date=2015-04-09 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Brooks 2014">{{cite web | last=Brooks | first=Michael | title=The American Redoubt and Homeland Security | website=OODA Loop | date=2014-04-22 | url=https://www.oodaloop.com/ooda-original/2014/04/22/american-redoubt-homeland-security/ | access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref><ref name="Walters 2020">{{cite web | last=Walters | first=Daniel | title=North Idaho Rep. Heather Scott reaps the glory — and the consequences — of being one of Matt Shea's biggest allies  | website=Inlander | date=2020-02-06 | url=https://www.inlander.com/spokane/north-idaho-rep-heather-scott-reaps-the-glory-and-the-consequences-of-being-one-of-matt-sheas-biggest-allies/Content?oid=19045888 | access-date=2022-08-12}}</ref> In a June 9, 2011 article, Baldwin outlined his reasons for choosing the [[Flathead Valley]] of western Montana for his family's home. He cited Montana's freedom-loving people, its recognition of the [[right to keep and bear arms]], and a feeling of strong conviction, following prayer: "“We know there’s a fight coming. We know there is a line being drawn in the sand, and we want to be in the right place. The good ground is right here in Montana,”<ref name="Flathead Beacon 2010"/><ref name="Murphy Times 2012">{{cite web | last1=Murphy | first1=Kim | last2=Times | first2=Los Angeles | title=White supremacists revive dream of a homeland in Northwest | website=Los Angeles Times | date=2012-02-09 | url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-feb-09-la-na-mlk-bomb-20120209-story.html | access-date=2022-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=3662 |title=ChuckBaldwinLive.com |publisher=ChuckBaldwinLive.com |access-date=2015-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035806/http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home?p=3662 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=live }}</ref>

He established a new church in Montana, the Liberty Fellowship, based in the [[Kalispell]] area, where congregants have included survivalist [[Randy Weaver]] and neo-Nazi activist [[April Gaede]].<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/><ref name="In These Times 2011"/> Gaede described on the [[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]] website how Baldwin's sermons move her to tears.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006" /> [[BuzzFeed]] describes the church as "an anti-government, anti-globalism church... that serves as a beacon for the extreme political right — a mix of constitutionalists, militia members, and separatists".<ref name="Petersen 2020"/>

In 2011, Baldwin spoke at a [[survivalist]] expo in the Flathead Valley, hosted by Flathead Liberty Bell, an organization led by former militia leader [[David Burgert]], alongside [[Stewart Rhodes]], the founder of the right-wing [[Oath Keepers]] movement.<ref name="In These Times 2011">{{cite web | author=Larry Keller|title=Hate in the Last Best Place | website=In These Times | date=2011-08-15 | url=https://inthesetimes.com/article/hate-in-the-last-best-place | access-date=2022-08-12}}</ref>

In December 2019, Rawles listed Baldwin first in a list of "key leaders and promoters of the American Redoubt movement".<ref>{{cite web | last=Walters | first=Daniel | title=North Idaho Rep. Heather Scott reaps the glory — and the consequences — of being one of Matt Shea's biggest allies - Local News - Spokane - News, Politics, Music, Calendar, Events in Spokane, Coeur d'Alene and the Inland Northwest | website=Inlander| date=2020-02-06 | url=https://www.inlander.com/spokane/north-idaho-rep-heather-scott-reaps-the-glory-and-the-consequences-of-being-one-of-matt-sheas-biggest-allies/| access-date=2022-08-19|quote=Montana pastor Chuck Baldwin — the first on Rawles' list of Redoubt movement promoters — celebrates the Confederacy and preaches anti-Semitic 9/11 conspiracy theories.}}</ref>

===2012 campaign for lieutenant governor===
In November, 2011, Republican Montana gubernatorial candidate Bob Fanning selected Chuck Baldwin as his running mate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesexaminer.com/chuck-baldwin/934-i-am-now-a-candidate-for-montana-lieutenant-governor- |title=I Am Now A Candidate For Montana Lieutenant Governor |work=Timesexaminer.com |date=2011-11-23 |access-date=2015-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414213429/http://www.timesexaminer.com/chuck-baldwin/934-i-am-now-a-candidate-for-montana-lieutenant-governor- |archive-date=2015-04-14 |url-status=live }}</ref> Baldwin withdrew his candidacy for lieutenant governor on February 12, 2012, several months before the June primary.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/>

===2012 presidential nomination===
In July 2012, the [[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform Party of the United States]]' Kansas affiliate nominated Baldwin as its presidential candidate, though [[Andre Barnett]] was the national candidate. Baldwin received 5,017 votes, or 0.43% of the total popular vote in Kansas.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

===Second Amendment Pastors, Oath Keepers===
In January 2013, Baldwin launched a network of Second Amendment Pastors, which resists the registration of firearms.<ref name="Political Research Associates 2014"/><ref name="Ministries">{{cite web | author=Chuck Baldwin | title=Second Amendment Pastors | website= Liberty Fellowship with Pastor Chuck Baldwin in Kalispell | url=https://libertyfellowshipmt.com/Resources/SecondAmendmentPastors.aspx | access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref>

Also in 2013, Baldwin became the national chaplain of the anti-government [[Oath Keepers]] group.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2020">{{cite web | title=Oath Keepers Chaplain Quits Over Leader's COVID Response | website=Southern Poverty Law Center | date=2020-04-23 | url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2020/04/23/oath-keepers-chaplain-quits-over-leaders-covid-response | access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref>

In 2014, he gave a sermon at an armed stand-off between anti-government activists led by [[Cliven Bundy]] and federal agents at Bundy's ranch in [[Nevada]].<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2021">{{cite web | title=Rod of Iron: Antigovernment, Christian Right and Far-Right Movements To Join at 'Freedom Festival' | website=Southern Poverty Law Center | date=2021-10-08 | url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2021/10/08/rod-iron-antigovernment-christian-right-and-far-right-movements-join-freedom-festival | access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref>

===The COVID-19 pandemic===
Although he told congregants that he believed [[COVID-19]] to be real, Baldwin preached that [[U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic|federal]] and [[U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic|state public health measures against it]] were a "pretext for civil tyranny", a form of "Medical [[martial law]]"<ref>[https://lasvegas.adl.org/extremists-and-conspiracy-theorists-urge-resistance-to-medical-martial-law/ Las Vegas ADL], April 23, 2020</ref> and a "psychological ops campaign against the American people".<ref name="Biakolo 2020">{{cite web | last=Biakolo | first=Kovie | title=What it means to "gather" for Easter, Passover, and Ramadan this year | website=Vox | date=2020-04-08 | url=https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/4/8/21210114/easter-passover-ramandan-coronavirus | access-date=2022-08-19}}</ref>

Baldwin resigned from his Oath Keepers position in April 2020, due to the group's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The group pledged support for public health measures such as suspending public gatherings, to which Baldwin responded: "By resorting to gross fearmongering and hyperbole, you have joined the mainstream media and Big Government medical hacks in attacking virtually every constitutionally protected liberty upon which our country was founded."<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2020"/>

Early in the pandemic, he committed to holding an in-person [[Easter]] gathering in defiance of the state governor's prohibition, saying "Am I now going to allow a bunch of misguided physicians and government bureaucrats tell me that I can no longer serve God the way he has called me to serve him? If I were to do so, I would be less than a Christian." His [[YouTube]] channel hosted a viral video in April 2020 alleging federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be artificially inflating the recorded number of coronavirus deaths.<ref name="Montana Public Radio 2020">{{cite web | title=Challenging Public Health Guidance, Kalispell Church Continues In-Person Services | website=Montana Public Radio | date=2020-04-15 | url=https://www.mtpr.org/montana-news/2020-04-15/challenging-public-health-guidance-kalispell-church-continues-in-person-services | access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref><ref name="Petersen 2020">{{cite web | last=Petersen | first=Anne Helen | title=Coronavirus: Montana Doctor's COVID-19 Skepticism Fueling Anti-Lockdown Protests | website=BuzzFeed News | date=2020-05-02 | url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/annehelenpetersen/annie-bukacek-montana-coronavirus-covid-lockdown-protests | access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref>

Baldwin called [[Anthony Fauci]] a "[[Big Pharma conspiracy theories|Big Pharma]] fascist" in 2020.<ref name="Petersen 2020"/>

==Political positions==
{{Primary sources section|date=August 2022}}

===Moral issues===
Baldwin has several beliefs typically distinctive of [[Independent Baptist]]s.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} For example, he believes in the primacy of the local New Testament church,{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} considers [[homosexuality]] as a "moral perversion",<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006">{{cite web | title=Chuck Baldwin | website=Southern Poverty Law Center | date=2006-05-02 | url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/chuck-baldwin | access-date=2022-08-11}}</ref> favours strict [[abstinence]] from drinking and smoking, and strict diet and exercise.<ref name=me/> In 2010, he identified as a "[[premillennial dispensationalism|premillennial dispensationalist]]", interpreting the [[Book of Revelation]] literally.<ref name="Flathead Beacon 2010"/> He believes that America has evolved into "a matriarchal society"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2004/cbarchive_20040521.html|title=A Serious Deficit of American Manhood|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Chuck Baldwin Live|date=2004-05-21|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019005159/http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2004/cbarchive_20040521.html|archive-date=2008-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref> and that it is losing the "inner toughness" of masculinity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2006/cbarchive_20060126.html|title=Whatever Happened to Masculinity?|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Chuck Baldwin Live|date=2006-01-26|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808141713/http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2006/cbarchive_20060126.html|archive-date=2008-08-08|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Islam===
In 2002 he wrote a booklet, "What Every Christian Should Know About [[Islam]]". It says that "The Muslim religion has been a bloody, murderous religion since its inception."<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/> Baldwin summarizes [[Muslim persecution of Christians]] by saying, "Only communism rivals Islam in sheer numbers of people persecuted and killed".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.covenantnews.com/baldwin020201.htm|title=What Every Christian Should Know About Islam|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Covenant News|date=2002-02-01|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927022210/http://www.covenantnews.com/baldwin020201.htm|archive-date=2008-09-27|url-status=usurped}}</ref> However, more recently,{{when|date=August 2022}} he has argued that Zionism constitutes a greater threat to America than Islamic terrorism, and urged Christians to draw distinctions between different sects of [[Islam]].<ref name=":0"/>

===Foreign policy===
Baldwin supports American sovereignty and is an opponent of what he sees as the [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]]. He has stated that fighting against one-world government is his top priority. He believes [[globalism]] in government has led to many connected threats and issues, among which he lists [[illegal immigration]], the [[United Nations]], the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]], the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]], [[Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement|CAFTA]], the [[North American Union]], the [[Trans-Texas Corridor]], the Iraq War, China,<ref name=mt>{{cite news |url=http://www.montanasnews.tv/articles.php?mode=view&id=11063|publisher=Montana News Association|title=Baldwin 2008 Presidential Campaign Kicks Off|date=2008-05-22|access-date=2008-10-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501073923/http://www.montanasnews.tv/articles.php?mode=view&id=11063|archive-date=2011-05-01}}</ref> the [[Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America|Security and Prosperity Partnership]], and the [[Free Trade Area of the Americas]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baldwin08.com/Issue-Preserving.cfm|title=Preserving An Independent American Nation|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Baldwin 2008|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023014552/http://baldwin08.com/Issue-Preserving.cfm|archive-date=2008-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref> He would also effect [[United States withdrawal from the United Nations]] and has pledged to push the UN out of its New York City offices.<ref name=kcs/>

Baldwin believed that "the invasion and occupation of Iraq was absolutely unnecessary"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baldwin08.com/Issue-ForeignPolicy.cfm|title=A Free And Sovereign Republic, Not A World Empire!|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Baldwin 2008|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023014740/http://baldwin08.com/Issue-ForeignPolicy.cfm|archive-date=2008-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref> and said his presidency would result in troop withdrawal from Iraq.<ref name=kcs/>

Baldwin argues that [[Iran]] is not an enemy, saying "Our enemy is those warmongering miscreants in Washington, D.C., Tel Aviv, Riyadh and London." And that "when did the terrible 'terrorist' state of Iran shoot down a U.S. passenger jet and murder nearly 300 innocent civilian passengers? You can't remember? Well, you can't remember, because Iran did NOT shoot down an American passenger jet; it was America that shot down an Iranian passenger jet."<ref name=":Iran">{{Cite web|url=https://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3893/The-Iranian-People-Are-Not-Our-Enemy.aspx|title=Columns > The Iranian People Are Not Our Enemy|website=chuckbaldwinlive.com|access-date=2019-08-11}}</ref>

He has written that "the Mexican government is deliberately and systematically working to destabilize and undermine the very fabric and framework of American society."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin293.htm|title=Forget About Civil War In Iraq, One Is Coming To America|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=NewsWithViews.com|date=2006-04-11|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014091202/http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin293.htm|archive-date=2008-10-14|url-status=live}}</ref> He strongly opposes "amnesty" for illegal immigrants and would try to end illegal immigration.<ref name=kcs/>

Baldwin has suggested reopening the investigation into the [[September 11 attacks]], believing that the [[9/11 truth movement]] has a right to have "alternative" 9/11 theories investigated, including those that raise the possibility of U.S. government involvement in the attacks.<ref>{{cite web|author=Weigel, Dave|author-link=David Weigel|url=http://reason.tv/roughcut/show/436.html|title=Candidates for Truth!: The Constitution Party's Chuck Baldwin questions 9/11|publisher=[[Reason magazine]]|date=2008-05-29|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530150927/http://reason.tv/roughcut/show/436.html|archive-date=2008-05-30|url-status=live}}</ref>

Baldwin has long been a critic of neoconservatism,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3387/What-Is-A-Neocon.aspx|title=Columns > What Is A Neocon?|publisher=chuckbaldwinlive.com|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522213715/http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3387/What-Is-A-Neocon.aspx|archive-date=2017-05-22|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3452/A-Politically-Incorrect-Analysis-Of-Neoconism.aspx|title=Columns > A Politically Incorrect Analysis Of Neoconism|publisher=chuckbaldwinlive.com|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223231335/http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3452/A-Politically-Incorrect-Analysis-Of-Neoconism.aspx|archive-date=2016-12-23|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3498/The-War-Party-Is-Nonpartisan.aspx|title=Columns > The War Party Is Nonpartisan|publisher=chuckbaldwinlive.com|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027153738/http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3498/The-War-Party-Is-Nonpartisan.aspx|archive-date=2016-10-27|url-status=live}}</ref> and argues that recent wars that America has fought in the middle east are "waged on behalf of the Zionist state" [of Israel].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3740/Seventy-Years-Of-Turmoil-Treachery-Death-And-Destruction.aspx|title=Columns > Seventy Years Of Turmoil, Treachery, Death And Destruction|website=chuckbaldwinlive.com|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> He is especially critical of attempts at regime change in Iraq, [[First Libyan Civil War|Libya]], [[Syrian civil war|Syria]] and Iran, considering American involvement therein to be intended to assist Israel in the creation of a "[[Greater Israel]]" that would make "Israel the dominant political and military force in the region".<ref name=":1" /> He also opposes [[Donald Trump]], calling him a "Zionist puppet";<ref name=":1" /> he believes that Trump has betrayed his previous campaign promises to keep America out of wars, even going so far as to argue that "Trump is making all of the overtures of taking us into the [[World War III|Third World War]]"<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3745/Perpetual-War-A-Racket-For-Politicians-Bankers-And-War-Profiteers.aspx|title=Columns > Perpetual War: A Racket For Politicians, Bankers And War Profiteers|website=chuckbaldwinlive.com|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> and speaking favorably of [[Smedley Butler|General Smedley Butler]]'s [[Anti-war movement|anti-war]] book ''[[War Is a Racket|War is a Racket]]''.

=== Antisemitism and anti-Zionism ===
Baldwin is frequently described as antisemitic. He believes that the "castrated churches" of America are terrified of "[[Judaizers]]".<ref name="Petersen 2017 whitefish">{{cite web | last=Petersen | first=Anne Helen | title=Love Lives In Whitefish, Montana, But So Do Neo-Nazis | website=BuzzFeed News | date=2017-02-12 | url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/annehelenpetersen/love-lives-in-whitefish-but-so-do-neo-nazis | access-date=2022-08-12}}</ref>

Baldwin argues that, "Zionists heavily influence—if not outright control—the mainstream news media, the major motion picture industry, the popular entertainment industry, mainstream Christian religion, and the U.S. government. I'll say it straight out: Zionism is not only a 'clear and present danger' to the liberties of the American people; it is the BIGGEST danger to the liberties of the American people."<ref name=":0"/> Baldwin argues that [[Israel]] is a [[fascist]] [[apartheid state]] that "commits mass murder against defenseless Palestinians"<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://chuckbaldwinlive.com/Articles/tabid/109/ID/3743/How-Zionist-Israel-Celebrated-Its-70th-Anniversary.aspx|title=Columns > How Zionist Israel Celebrated Its 70th Anniversary|website=chuckbaldwinlive.com|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> and is responsible for the deaths of innocent Palestinians and hundreds of thousands of other Arabs,<ref name=":3"/> as well as thousands of Americans.<ref name=":0"/> He considers Israel a creation of the Jewish [[Rothschild family|Rothschild]] dynasty, to which he also ascribes much of the blame for the [[Russian Revolution]].<ref name=":1" /> In a similar vein, he believes the [[Israel lobby in the United States|Israel Lobby]] exercises a harmful influence over US politics, and he opposes attempts to criminalize [[Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions|boycotts of Israel]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2017/07/19/u-s-lawmakers-seek-to-criminally-outlaw-support-for-boycott-campaign-against-israel/|title=U.S. Lawmakers Seek to Criminally Outlaw Support for Boycott Campaign Against Israel|last1=Greenwald|first1=Glenn|last2=Grim|first2=Ryan|date=2017-07-19|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719164422/https://theintercept.com/2017/07/19/u-s-lawmakers-seek-to-criminally-outlaw-support-for-boycott-campaign-against-israel/|archive-date=July 19, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> arguing that laws against such boycotts violate Americans' civil rights.<ref name=":0" /> He has argued that [[neoconservatives]] and "Zionist billionaires" "prop up" former Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], whom he labels a "warmonger" and "criminal"<ref name=":2" />

Baldwin believes that "Zionism has killed more Americans (not to mention the hundreds of thousands of innocent men, women, and children throughout the Arab world) through our perpetual wars-for-Israel; destroyed the Christian faith of generations of America's youth; destroyed the sanctity of the traditional family; infested America with every kind of moral rot and sexual perversion; and has [[Judaized]] the Christian Church in America to the point of turning the fascist Zionist State of Israel into an object of worship."<ref name=":0"/>

He also argues that Zionism is a fascist and communist movement, writing: "Anyone who claims to be opposed to globalism and neoconism but denies the pernicious part that Zionism plays in globalism and neoconism is either badly ignorant of what globalism and neoconism really are or is knowingly providing cover for the Zionists—and is, therefore, controlled opposition for Zionists. I believe the latter is true in far, far too many cases. And never forget the fact that at their center Zionists are fascists and communists."<ref name=":0"/>

He also blames "Zionist influence" in "America's entertainment industries, economic policies, educational systems, news networks (including and maybe especially [[Fox News|FOX News]]) and America's political and religious institutions" for what he perceives as a decline in "America's family/moral culture, educational culture, economic culture, entertainment culture, political culture, and, yes, Christian culture". He argues that "[[Christian Zionism]]" is a "false theology" and is distinct from what he terms "traditional Christianity", which in his view does not recognize the modern state of Israel as a fulfillment of Biblical prophecy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://player.fm/series/whtt-podcasts/pastor-dr-chuck-baldwin-rejects-christian-zionism|title=Pastor Dr. Chuck Baldwin Rejects Christian Zionism WHTT Podcasts podcast|last=FM|first=Player|website=player.fm|date=4 June 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-05-09}}</ref> He argues that "Christian Zionists" are influenced by the [[Scofield Reference Bible|Scofield Bible]], which he considers heretical.<ref name=":3" />

He is highly critical of media personality [[Ben Shapiro]], calling him a "Zionist Christ-rejecting blasphemer", comparing him with the [[Pharisees]],<ref>{{Citation|last=LibertyFellowshipMT|title=Pastor Chuck Baldwin exposes the Zionist Christ-rejecting blasphemer Ben Shapiro|date=2019-04-24|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqTNvrwMoSQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/KqTNvrwMoSQ |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|access-date=2019-05-09}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and arguing that Shapiro is not a true conservative.

===Economy===
Baldwin says he would end all federal [[income tax]]es and phase out the [[Internal Revenue Service]].<ref name=kcs/> His website also says that "a tariff on foreign imports, based on the difference between the foreign item's cost of production abroad and the cost of production of a similar item produced in the United States, would be a Constitutional step toward a fair trade policy that would protect American jobs and, at the same time, raise revenue for our national government."<ref>{{cite web|last=Baldwin|first=Chuck|title=American Jobs|url=http://baldwin08.com/Issue-Jobs.cfm|access-date=2008-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023014815/http://baldwin08.com/Issue-Jobs.cfm|archive-date=2008-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref>

He has said that as president he would streamline the federal government and tap oil reserves in Alaska, [[the Dakotas]], and the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. He believes the United States should return to the [[gold standard]].<ref name=kcs/>

===States' rights and characterization of the Civil War===
[[NewsOne.com]] has described Baldwin as a [[Neo-Confederate]].<ref name="NewsOne 2011">{{cite web | title=Top 10 Racist Ron Paul Friends, Supporters | website=NewsOne | date=2011-12-27 | url=https://newsone.com/1748295/top-10-racist-ron-paul-friends-supporters/ | access-date=2022-08-13}}</ref> Baldwin believes that "the South was right in the War Between the States" (referring to the [[American Civil War]]),<ref name="SPLC"/><ref name="Flathead Beacon 2010"/> and that the leaders of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] were not racists.<ref name=me>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin297.htm|title=Me in a Nutshell|author=Baldwin, Chuck|date=2006-05-02|access-date=2008-10-20|publisher=NewsWithViews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103042453/http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin297.htm|archive-date=2008-11-03|url-status=live}}</ref> He uses the term "[[Names of the American Civil War|War for Southern Independence]]"<ref name="indep">{{cite web|url=http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=2645|title=Enemy Within The Gates|access-date=2010-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104053955/http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=2645|archive-date=2011-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref> and "War of Northern Aggression".<ref name="NewsOne 2011"/>

He criticized George W. Bush's failure to rescind executive orders{{Which|date=July 2021}} by [[Bill Clinton]] that Baldwin argued undermined [[states' rights]] and [[private property]] rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin20.htm|title=More Facts Conservatives Will Choose To Ignore|date=2002-04-30|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=NewsWithViews.com|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121223722/http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin20.htm|archive-date=2006-11-21|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2010, he spoke at a [[Neo-Confederates|Neo-Confederate]] "Alabama [[Ordinance of Secession|Secession]] Day Commemoration" linked to the [[League of the South]].<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2017 Moore">{{cite web | title=Roy Moore | website=Southern Poverty Law Center | date=2017-08-22 | url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/roy-moore | access-date=2022-08-12}}</ref>

===Individual liberties===
Baldwin "believe[s] the federal '[[war on terror]]' and '[[war on drugs]]' are mostly a cover for power-hungry, Big Government zealots to trample constitutional government and squash freedoms and liberties, which are supposed to be protected by the [[United States Bill of Rights|Bill of Rights]] and [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=1522 |title=ChuckBaldwinLive.com |publisher=ChuckBaldwinLive.com |access-date=2015-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407065442/http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=1522 |archive-date=2014-04-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> He opposes the [[Patriot Act]] and related legislation and orders, saying that it "deprives the people of their rights secured under the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth]] and [[Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fifth Amendments]] under the guise of 'combating terrorism' or 'protecting national security{{'"}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baldwin08.com/Issue-PersonalFreedom.cfm|title=Personal Freedom in America|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Baldwin 2008|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023014538/http://baldwin08.com/Issue-PersonalFreedom.cfm|archive-date=2008-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref> In relation to airplane captain [[Donald J. Carty|Don Carty]] profiling a customer's credentials and behavior, Baldwin stated that "[[racial profiling|profiling]] of all sorts is a very necessary tool for effective law enforcement. Only morons would try to hamper a lawman's ability to bring criminals to justice by removing this tool from them."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2002/cbarchive_20020108.html|title=Profiling, Pompousness, and Presidential Madness|date=2002-01-08|access-date=2008-10-20|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Chuck Baldwin Live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018152755/http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/c2002/cbarchive_20020108.html|archive-date=2008-10-18|url-status=live}}</ref>

Regarding the [[separation of church and state]], Baldwin believes that "America was deliberately and distinctively founded as a haven for Christians"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin153.htm|title='Happy Holidays'—Bah! Humbug!|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=NewsWithViews.com|date=2004-12-23|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926061011/http://www.newswithviews.com/baldwin/baldwin153.htm|archive-date=2008-09-26|url-status=live}}</ref> and he supports the public display of the [[Ten Commandments]] in government buildings.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

He says that [[freedom of association]] in health care is important: "I strongly support the freedom of choice of practitioner and treatment for all citizens for their health care. ... The government should not have the power to [[Vaccine controversy#Individual liberty|force people to receive immunizations or vaccinations]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baldwin08.com/Issue-HealthCare.cfm|title=Freedom Of Choice In Health Care|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Baldwin 2008|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023014903/http://baldwin08.com/Issue-HealthCare.cfm|archive-date=2008-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref> He also would eliminate the [[Food and Drug Administration]] as unconstitutional.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/Chuck_Baldwin.htm|publisher=[[On the Issues]]|date=July 2008|access-date=2008-10-20|title=Chuck Baldwin on the Issues|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019204513/http://www.ontheissues.org/Chuck_Baldwin.htm|archive-date=2008-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref>

Baldwin supports freedom for [[homeschooling]] and private schooling and wants to disband the [[United States Department of Education|U.S. Department of Education]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baldwin08.com/Issue-The_Education_of_Young_Americans.cfm|title=The Education of Young Americans|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Baldwin 2008|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023014605/http://baldwin08.com/Issue-The_Education_of_Young_Americans.cfm|archive-date=2008-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref> he says that he would be the best friend homeschoolers have ever had in the [[White House]].<ref name=kcs/>

Baldwin previously stated <blockquote>
If we were really serious about making airline travel safer, we would immediately cease and desist from this incessant infatuation with meddling into the internal affairs of foreign countries, stop invading and occupying foreign countries, and stop our own State Department and CIA from sticking their noses where they don't belong--which only serves to agitate the world against us. We'd stop giving out travel visas to people from countries sympathetic to terrorists; seal the US border--especially the southern border; and allow pilots, policemen, and any other citizen lawfully qualified to carry a firearm to carry those weapons on board the aircraft.
</blockquote>

Baldwin believes that the [[right to keep and bear arms]] should not be infringed by the government: <blockquote>A Baldwin Administration will uphold the right of the citizens to keep and bear arms and will oppose attempts to prohibit ownership of guns by law-abiding citizens, and, further, will stand against all laws which would require the registration of guns or ammunition. . . . [[Richard Henry Lee]], a signer of the Declaration, once said, "To preserve liberty, it is essential that the whole body of the people always possess arms, and be taught alike, especially when young, how to use them." Just as the right to bear arms is necessary in the defense against tyranny, so [too] is that same right vital for the purpose of self-defense. ... Firearms are used 60 times more often to protect the lives of honest citizens than to take lives. ... The vast majority of the time (92%), the mere presence of a firearm helps to avert a major crime from occurring. That is what Congressman [[Roscoe Bartlett]] (R-MD) concluded after extensive research. According to Rep. Bartlett, the number of defensive uses is four times the number of crimes reported committed with guns.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baldwin08.com/Issue-Firearms.cfm|title=The Second Amendment Protects Our Liberty|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Baldwin 2008|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022152652/http://baldwin08.com/Issue-Firearms.cfm|archive-date=2008-10-22|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote> According to [[Political Research Associates]], he believes revolution is preferable to gun control.<ref name="Political Research Associates 2014"/>

Baldwin had already begun promoting [[American militia movement|militia movement]]s on his radio show as early as 1995.<ref name=adl>{{cite web|url=http://www.courttv.com/archive/legaldocs/misc/militia.html|publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]|year=1995|access-date=2008-10-20|title=Beyond the Bombing: The Militia Menace Grows|author=Strassler, David H.|display-authors=etal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202082016/http://www.courttv.com/archive/legaldocs/misc/militia.html|archive-date=2008-12-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> He says that in his opinion, people like [[Morris Dees]], head of the Southern Poverty Law Center, try to "pander the market of fear, trying to convince everybody that anyone with a gun, any person who wants to own a gun, and anyone who would consider themselves part of a citizen militia is a threat to our government and to our society".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/chief.html|date=1997-05-28|access-date=2008-10-20|title=Chuck's Interview with Chief of Police, Joe Hendricks|publisher=Chuck Baldwin Live|author=Baldwin, Chuck|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015170744/http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/chief.html|archive-date=2008-10-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> He takes a critical view of the federal government's handling of [[Randy Weaver]], the [[Waco siege|Branch Davidians]], and [[Hutaree]].<ref name="hutaree">{{cite web|url=http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=1177|title=The Hutaree Militia Raid|access-date=April 6, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028074017/http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/home/?p=1177|archive-date=October 28, 2010|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Baldwin firmly opposes abortion (which he sees as "murder"<ref name="Flathead Beacon 2010"/> and "America's national [[Holocaust]]"<ref name="In These Times 2011"/>) and ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''. He favors Ron Paul's [[Sanctity of Life Act]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baldwin08.com/Issue-The_Sanctity_of_Life.cfm|title=The Sanctity of Life|author=Baldwin, Chuck|publisher=Baldwin 2008|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023014752/http://baldwin08.com/Issue-The_Sanctity_of_Life.cfm|archive-date=2008-10-23|url-status=live}}</ref> and says his presidency would end abortion.<ref name=kcs/> He opposes [[Women in combat|female military combat service]], saying in 2010 it "does not serve the interests of combat effectiveness. Neither does it serve the interests of family and child rearing." He also opposes mixed service, and homosexual service.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2006"/>

==Recognition==
Baldwin has received two honorary doctor of divinity degrees, from Christian Bible College and from [[Trinity Baptist College]] in [[Jacksonville, Florida]].<ref name=cpt/>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=The Freedom Documents|editor=Baldwin, Chuck |others=[[Abigail Adams]], [[John Adams]], [[Samuel Adams]], [[Patrick Henry]], [[Robert E. Lee]], [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Thomas Paine]], [[Ronald Reagan]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]], [[Mark Twain]]|location=[[Pensacola]], [[Florida]]|publisher=Chuck Baldwin Live Radio Talk Show|year=2001|oclc=212793142}}
* ''Let's Look at Legalism''.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
* ''Subjects Seldom Spoken On: 11 Messages That Will Stimulate Your Mind and Stir Your Heart'', 1990.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
* ''This Is the Life'' (a verse-by-verse [[Exposition (literary technique)|exposition]] of the [[Epistles of John]]).{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://chuckbaldwinlive.com/}}
*{{C-SPAN|1030116}}
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